H.R. 2659

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 2659 Referred in Senate (RFS)]

<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 2659

_______________________________________________________________________

IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

November 18, 2025

Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs

_______________________________________________________________________

AN ACT

To ensure the security and integrity of United States critical 
infrastructure by establishing an interagency task force and requiring 
a comprehensive report on the targeting of United States critical 
infrastructure by People's Republic of China state-sponsored cyber 
actors, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ``Strengthening Cyber Resilience 
Against State-Sponsored Threats Act''.

SEC. 2. INTERAGENCY TASK FORCE AND REPORT ON THE TARGETING OF UNITED 
STATES CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE BY PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF 
CHINA STATE-SPONSORED CYBER ACTORS.

(a) Interagency Task Force.--Not later than 120 days after the date 
of the enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Homeland Security, 
acting through the Director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure 
Security Agency (CISA) of the Department of Homeland Security, in 
consultation with the Attorney General, the Director of the Federal 
Bureau of Investigation, and the heads of appropriate Sector Risk 
Management Agencies as determined by the Director of CISA, shall 
establish a joint interagency task force (in this section referred to 
as the ``task force'') to facilitate collaboration and coordination 
among the Sector Risk Management Agencies assigned a Federal role or 
responsibility in National Security Memorandum-22, issued April 30, 
2024 (relating to critical infrastructure security and resilience), or 
any successor document, to detect, analyze, and respond to the 
cybersecurity threat posed by State-sponsored cyber actors, including 
Volt Typhoon, of the People's Republic of China by ensuring that such 
agencies' actions are aligned and mutually reinforcing.
(b) Chairs.--
(1) Chairperson.--The Director of CISA (or the Director of 
CISA's designee) shall serve as the chairperson of the task 
force.
(2) Vice chairperson.--The Director of the Federal Bureau 
of Investigation (or such Director's designee) shall serve as 
the vice chairperson of the task force.
(c) Composition.--
(1) In general.--The task force shall consist of 
appropriate representatives of the departments and agencies 
specified in subsection (a).
(2) Qualifications.--To materially assist in the activities 
of the task force, representatives under paragraph (1) should 
be subject matter experts who have familiarity and technical 
expertise regarding cybersecurity, digital forensics, or threat 
intelligence analysis, or in-depth knowledge of the tactics, 
techniques, and procedures (TTPs) commonly used by State-
sponsored cyber actors, including Volt Typhoon, of the People's 
Republic of China.
(d) Vacancy.--Any vacancy occurring in the membership of the task 
force shall be filled in the same manner in which the original 
appointment was made.
(e) Establishment Flexibility.--To avoid redundancy, the task force 
may coordinate with any preexisting task force, working group, or 
cross-intelligence effort within the Homeland Security Enterprise or 
the intelligence community that has examined or responded to the 
cybersecurity threat posed by State-sponsored cyber actors, including 
Volt Typhoon, of the People's Republic of China.
(f) Task Force Reports; Briefing.--
(1) Initial report.--Not later than 540 days after the 
establishment of the task force, the task force shall submit to 
the appropriate congressional committees the first report 
containing the initial findings, conclusions, and 
recommendations of the task force.
(2) Annual report.--Not later than one year after the date 
of the submission of the initial report under paragraph (1) and 
annually thereafter for five years, the task force shall submit 
to the appropriate congressional committees an annual report 
containing the findings, conclusions, and recommendations of 
the task force.
(3) Contents.--The reports under this subsection shall 
include the following:
(A) An assessment at the lowest classification 
feasible of the sector-specific risks, trends relating 
to incidents impacting sectors, and tactics, 
techniques, and procedures utilized by or relating to 
State-sponsored cyber actors, including Volt Typhoon, 
of the People's Republic of China.
(B) An assessment of additional resources and 
authorities needed by Federal departments and agencies 
to better counter the cybersecurity threat posed by 
State-sponsored cyber actors, including Volt Typhoon, 
of the People's Republic of China.
(C) A classified assessment of the extent of 
potential destruction, compromise, or disruption to 
United States critical infrastructure by State-
sponsored cyber actors, including Volt Typhoon, of the 
People's Republic of China in the event of a major 
crisis or future conflict between the People's Republic 
of China and the United States.
(D) A classified assessment of the ability of the 
United States to counter the cybersecurity threat posed 
by State-sponsored cyber actors, including Volt 
Typhoon, of the People's Republic of China in the event 
of a major crisis or future conflict between the 
People's Republic of China and the United States, 
including with respect to different cybersecurity 
measures and recommendations that could mitigate such a 
threat.
(E) A classified assessment of the ability of 
State-sponsored cyber actors, including Volt Typhoon, 
of the People's Republic of China to disrupt operations 
of the United States Armed Forces by hindering mobility 
across critical infrastructure such as rail, aviation, 
and ports, including how such would impair the ability 
of the United States Armed Forces to deploy and 
maneuver forces effectively.
(F) A classified assessment of the economic and 
social ramifications of a disruption to one or multiple 
United States critical infrastructure sectors by State-
sponsored cyber actors, including Volt Typhoon, of the 
People's Republic of China in the event of a major 
crisis or future conflict between the People's Republic 
of China and the United States.
(G) Such recommendations as the task force may have 
for the Homeland Security Enterprise, the intelligence 
community, or critical infrastructure owners and 
operators to improve the detection and mitigation of 
the cybersecurity threat posed by State-sponsored cyber 
actors, including Volt Typhoon, of the People's 
Republic of China.
(H) A one-time plan for an awareness campaign to 
familiarize critical infrastructure owners and 
operators with security resources and support offered 
by Federal departments and agencies to mitigate the 
cybersecurity threat posed by State-sponsored cyber 
actors, including Volt Typhoon, of the People's 
Republic of China.
(4) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date of the 
submission of each report under this subsection, the task force 
shall provide to the appropriate congressional committees a 
classified briefing on the findings, conclusions, and 
recommendations of the task force.
(5) Form.--Each report under this subsection shall be 
submitted in classified form, consistent with the protection of 
intelligence sources and methods, but may include an 
unclassified executive summary.
(6) Publication.--The unclassified executive summary of 
each report required under this subsection shall be published 
on a publicly accessible website of the Department of Homeland 
Security.
(g) Access to Information.--
(1) In general.--The Secretary of Homeland Security, the 
Director of CISA, the Attorney General, the Director of the 
Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the heads of appropriate 
Sector Risk Management Agencies, as determined by the Director 
of CISA, shall provide to the task force such information, 
documents, analysis, assessments, findings, evaluations, 
inspections, audits, or reviews relating to efforts to counter 
the cybersecurity threat posed by State-sponsored cyber actors, 
including Volt Typhoon, of the People's Republic of China as 
the task force considers necessary to carry out this section.
(2) Receipt, handling, storage, and dissemination.--
Information, documents, analysis, assessments, findings, 
evaluations, inspections, audits, and reviews described in this 
subsection shall be received, handled, stored, and disseminated 
only by members of the task force consistent with all 
applicable statutes, regulations, and Executive orders.
(3) Security clearances for task force members.--No member 
of the task force may be provided with access to classified 
information under this section without the appropriate security 
clearances.
(h) Termination.--The task force, and all the authorities of this 
section, shall terminate on the date that is 60 days after the final 
briefing required under subsection (h)(4).
(i) Exemption From FACA.--Chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code 
(commonly referred to as the ``Federal Advisory Committee Act''), shall 
not apply to the task force.
(j) Exemption From Paperwork Reduction Act.--Chapter 35 of title 
44, United States Code (commonly known as the ``Paperwork Reduction 
Act''), shall not apply to the task force.
(k) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committees.--The term 
``appropriate congressional committees'' means--
(A) the Committee on Homeland Security, the 
Committee on Judiciary, and the Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the House of Representatives; and
(B) the Committee on Homeland Security and 
Governmental Affairs, the Committee on Judiciary, and 
the Select Committee on Intelligence of the Senate.
(2) Assets.--The term ``assets'' means a person, structure, 
facility, information, material, equipment, network, or 
process, whether physical or virtual, that enables an 
organization's services, functions, or capabilities.
(3) Critical infrastructure.--The term ``critical 
infrastructure'' has the meaning given such term in section 
1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42 U.S.C. 5195c(e)).
(4) Cybersecurity threat.--The term ``cybersecurity 
threat'' has the meaning given such term in section 2200 of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650).
(5) Homeland security enterprise.--The term ``Homeland 
Security Enterprise'' has the meaning given such term in 
section 2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 
650).
(6) Incident.--The term ``incident'' has the meaning given 
such term in section 2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 
(6 U.S.C. 650).
(7) Information sharing.--The term ``information sharing'' 
means the bidirectional sharing of timely and relevant 
information concerning a cybersecurity threat posed by a State-
sponsored cyber actor of the People's Republic of China to 
United States critical infrastructure.
(8) Intelligence community.--The term ``intelligence 
community'' has the meaning given such term in section 3(4) of 
the National Security Act of 1947 (50 U.S.C. 3003(4)).
(9) Locality.--The term ``locality'' means any local 
government authority or agency or component thereof within a 
State having jurisdiction over matters at a county, municipal, 
or other local government level.
(10) Sector.--The term ``sector'' means a collection of 
assets, systems, networks, entities, or organizations that 
provide or enable a common function for national security 
(including national defense and continuity of Government), 
national economic security, national public health or safety, 
or any combination thereof.
(11) Sector risk management agency.--The term ``Sector Risk 
Management Agency'' has the meaning given such term in section 
2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650).
(12) State.--The term ``State'' means any State of the 
United States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, the United States 
Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, and any other territory 
or possession of the United States.
(13) Systems.--The term ``systems'' means a combination of 
personnel, structures, facilities, information, materials, 
equipment, networks, or processes, whether physical or virtual, 
integrated or interconnected for a specific purpose that 
enables an organization's services, functions, or capabilities.
(14) United states.--The term ``United States'', when used 
in a geographic sense, means any State of the United States.
(15) Volt typhoon.--The term ``Volt Typhoon'' means the 
People's Republic of China State-sponsored cyber actor 
described in the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security 
Agency cybersecurity advisory entitled ``PRC State-Sponsored 
Actors Compromise and Maintain Persistent Access to U.S. 
Critical Infrastructure'', issued on February 07, 2024, or any 
successor advisory.

Passed the House of Representatives November 17, 2025.

Attest:

KEVIN F. MCCUMBER,

Clerk.