H.R. 4325

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 4325 Introduced in House (IH)]

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119th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 4325

To amend the Clean Air Act to provide for the establishment of 
standards to limit the carbon intensity of the fuel used by certain 
vessels, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

July 10, 2025

Mr. Garcia of California (for himself, Ms. Barragan, Ms. Matsui, Ms. 
Bonamici, Ms. Tlaib, and Mr. Cleaver) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Energy and Commerce

_______________________________________________________________________

A BILL

To amend the Clean Air Act to provide for the establishment of 
standards to limit the carbon intensity of the fuel used by certain 
vessels, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ``Clean Shipping Act of 2025''.

SEC. 2. MARINE GREENHOUSE GAS FUEL STANDARD.

The Clean Air Act is amended by inserting after section 212 (42 
U.S.C. 7546) the following:

``SEC. 212A. MARINE GREENHOUSE GAS FUEL STANDARD.

``(a) Definitions.--
``(1) Carbon dioxide-equivalent.--The term `carbon dioxide-
equivalent' means the number of metric tons of carbon dioxide 
emissions with the same global warming potential as 1 metric 
ton of another greenhouse gas, as calculated using Equation A-1 
in section 98.2(b) of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (as 
in effect on the date of enactment of this section).
``(2) Carbon intensity.--The term `carbon intensity' means 
the quantity of lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions per unit of 
fuel energy, expressed in grams of carbon dioxide-equivalent 
per megajoule.
``(3) Carbon intensity baseline.--The term `carbon 
intensity baseline' means the average carbon intensity of the 
fuel used by all vessels on covered voyages in calendar year 
2027.
``(4) Covered voyage.--The term `covered voyage' means any 
voyage of a vessel for the purpose of transporting passengers 
or cargo for commercial purposes--
``(A) that is between any ports of call under the 
jurisdiction of the United States; or
``(B) that is between a port of call under the 
jurisdiction of the United States and a port of call 
under the jurisdiction of a foreign country.
``(5) Greenhouse gas.--The term `greenhouse gas' means 
carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, hydrofluorocarbons, 
perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride.
``(6) Lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions.--The term 
`lifecycle greenhouse gas emissions' has the meaning given the 
term in section 211(o)(1).
``(7) Port of call.--The term `port of call' means the port 
where a vessel stops to load or unload cargo or to embark or 
disembark passengers.
``(8) Vessel.--The term `vessel' means a vessel of 400 
gross tonnage or more.
``(b) Marine Vessel Fuel Carbon Intensity Standards.--
``(1) Standards.--The Administrator shall, by regulation 
and except as provided in paragraph (3), require each vessel on 
a covered voyage to comply with standards for the carbon 
intensity of the fuel used by the vessel for propulsion and for 
the operation of any onboard equipment so that the carbon 
intensity is--
``(A) in each of calendar years 2030 through 2034, 
at least 30 percent less than the carbon intensity 
baseline;
``(B) in each of calendar years 2034 through 2039, 
at least 58 percent less than the carbon intensity 
baseline;
``(C) in each of calendar years 2040 through 2044, 
at least 83 percent less than the carbon intensity 
baseline;
``(D) in each of calendar years 2045 through 2049, 
at least 92 percent less than the carbon intensity 
baseline; and
``(E) in calendar year 2050 and each calendar year 
thereafter, 100 percent less than the carbon intensity 
baseline.
``(2) Promulgation of standards.--The Administrator shall 
finalize--
``(A) the standard required by paragraph (1)(A) by 
not later than January 1, 2029; and
``(B) the standards required by each of 
subparagraphs (B) through (E) of paragraph (1) by not 
later than 2 years before the respective standard goes 
into effect.
``(3) Technological or economic feasibility.--
``(A) In general.--If the Administrator determines 
that a reduction in carbon intensity required under 
paragraph (1) is not technologically or economically 
feasible by the applicable deadline under that 
paragraph, the Administrator, in lieu of promulgating 
the standard otherwise required by that paragraph, 
shall promulgate a standard that will achieve the 
maximum reduction in the carbon intensity of the fuel 
used by vessels on covered voyages that is 
technologically and economically feasible by the 
applicable deadline.
``(B) Considerations.--In determining technological 
and economic feasibility for purposes of subparagraph 
(A), the Administrator shall take into account the net 
reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases and the 
potential adverse impacts on public health, safety, and 
the environment, including with respect to air quality, 
water quality, and the generation and disposal of solid 
waste.
``(4) Harmonization with international standards.--If the 
Administrator determines that standards mandated by the 
International Maritime Organization for reduction of the carbon 
intensity of fuel used by vessels for a calendar year are equal 
to or more stringent than the standards under paragraph (1) for 
that calendar year, the Administrator may adopt the standards 
of the International Maritime Organization.
``(5) Exemption.--Any vessel that is on covered voyages for 
30 days or fewer during a calendar year shall be exempt from 
the standards promulgated under this subsection for that 
calendar year.
``(6) Common ownership or control.--For purposes of 
determining compliance with any standard established under this 
subsection, the Administrator may allow the carbon intensity of 
the fuels used by vessels under common ownership or control to 
be averaged.
``(7) Overcompliance.--The Administrator may allow vessels 
to credit overcompliance with any standard established under 
this subsection towards demonstrating compliance with any 
future standard under this subsection.
``(c) Monitoring and Reporting.--
``(1) List of methods.--
``(A) In general.--The Administrator shall develop 
a list of acceptable methods for monitoring and 
reporting compliance with the standards established 
under subsection (b).
``(B) Consistency of methods.--The Administrator, 
to the maximum extent practicable, shall ensure the 
consistency of the methods included in the list 
required under subparagraph (A) with similar reporting 
schemes developed by the European Union and the 
International Maritime Organization.
``(2) Annual reporting requirements.--For each calendar 
year, the owner or operator of a vessel shall report to the 
Administrator--
``(A) the carbon intensity of the fuel used for 
each covered voyage of the vessel;
``(B) the amount of fuel used for each covered 
voyage of the vessel; and
``(C) the total greenhouse gas emissions for all 
covered voyages of the vessel, measured in carbon 
dioxide-equivalent.
``(3) Annual report.--
``(A) In general.--Not later than 180 days after 
the end of each annual reporting period under paragraph 
(2), the Administrator, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Transportation and the Commandant of the 
Coast Guard, shall publish on the website of the 
Environmental Protection Agency a publicly accessible 
report that--
``(i) compiles the data reported under 
paragraph (2); and
``(ii) includes an explanation intended to 
facilitate public understanding of--
``(I) the carbon dioxide-equivalent 
emissions of vessels on covered 
voyages; and
``(II) the carbon intensity of 
fuels used by those vessels.
``(B) Republication.--Not later than 30 days after 
the date on which the Administrator publishes the 
publicly accessible report on the website of the 
Environmental Protection Agency under subparagraph (A) 
each year, the Secretary of Transportation shall 
publish a publicly accessible copy of that report on 
the website of the Department of Transportation.
``(d) Enforcement.--The standards established under subsection (b) 
and the annual reporting requirements under subsection (c)(2) shall be 
considered an emission standard or limitation for purposes of section 
304(a)(1).''.

SEC. 3. IN-PORT MARINE VESSEL ZERO EMISSION STANDARDS.

Section 213 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7547) is amended by 
adding at the end the following:
``(e) In-Port Marine Vessel Zero Emission Standards.--
``(1) Standards.--Except as provided in paragraph (2) and 
not later than January 1, 2029, the Administrator shall 
promulgate (and from time to time revise) standards to 
eliminate, by not later than January 1, 2035, emissions of 
greenhouse gases and air pollutants for which air quality 
criteria have been issued under section 108 from vessels at 
anchorage or at berth in the contiguous zone of the United 
States (as described in Presidential Proclamation 7219 (43 
U.S.C. 1331 note; 64 Fed. Reg. 48701, 49844)).
``(2) Exception.--If the Administrator determines that 
standards required by paragraph (1) are not technologically or 
economically feasible, the Administrator shall promulgate 
standards that achieve the maximum reduction of the emissions 
described in that paragraph from the vessels described in that 
paragraph that is technologically and economically feasible.
``(3) Considerations.--In determining technological and 
economic feasibility under paragraph (2), the Administrator 
shall take into account the net reduction of emissions of 
greenhouse gases, the net reduction of emissions of air 
pollutants for which air quality criteria have been issued 
under section 108, and the potential adverse impacts on public 
health, safety, and the environment, including with respect to 
air quality, water quality, and the generation and disposal of 
solid waste.''.
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