H.R. 4457

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 4457 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 4457

To address root causes of homelessness, meet the needs of community 
members experiencing harms from homelessness, transition communities 
towards providing housing for all, end penalization of homelessness, 
and ensure full democratic participation and inclusion of persons 
experiencing homelessness, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

July 16, 2025

Ms. Jayapal (for herself, Ms. Meng, Ms. Ansari, Mr. Carson, Mr. Casar, 
Ms. Chu, Ms. Clarke of New York, Mr. Evans of Pennsylvania, Mr. Garcia 
of Illinois, Mr. Gomez, Mr. Johnson of Georgia, Ms. Lee of 
Pennsylvania, Mr. Lieu, Mr. McGovern, Ms. Norton, Ms. Ocasio-Cortez, 
Ms. Omar, Ms. Pressley, Mrs. Ramirez, Ms. Simon, Ms. Stansbury, Mr. 
Thanedar, Ms. Tlaib, Mr. Torres of New York, and Mrs. Watson Coleman) 
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 
Financial Services, and in addition to the Committees on House 
Administration, the Judiciary, Education and Workforce, and Ways and 
Means, for a period to be subsequently determined by the Speaker, in 
each case for consideration of such provisions as fall within the 
jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

A BILL

To address root causes of homelessness, meet the needs of community 
members experiencing harms from homelessness, transition communities 
towards providing housing for all, end penalization of homelessness, 
and ensure full democratic participation and inclusion of persons 
experiencing homelessness, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Housing Is a Human 
Right Act of 2025''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
Sec. 2. Definitions.
TITLE I--SUPPORTED ALTERNATIVES TO PENALIZATION OF PERSONS EXPERIENCING 
HOMELESSNESS

Sec. 101. Grant authorization.
Sec. 102. Application.
Sec. 103. Use of funds.
Sec. 104. Authorization of appropriations.
TITLE II--INVESTING IN INFRASTRUCTURE TO ADDRESS BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

Sec. 201. CDBG Plus program.
Sec. 202. Library pilot grants.
Sec. 203. Use of unutilized and underutilized public buildings and real 
property to assist the homeless.
TITLE III--INVESTING IN COMMUNITY STABILITY AND WELL-BEING

Sec. 301. Treatment of revenue generated.
Sec. 302. Emergency solutions grant program.
Sec. 303. Continuum of care grant program.
Sec. 304. Federal Emergency Management Agency emergency food and 
shelter grant program.
Sec. 305. Requirements.
Sec. 306. GAO study of requirements regarding participation and 
involvement of homeless individuals.
TITLE IV--ACCESS TO VOTING

Sec. 401. Study of factors adversely affecting ability of homeless and 
housing-unstable individuals to vote.
Sec. 402. Grants to facilitate voting by homeless and housing-unstable 
individuals.
TITLE V--UNITED STATES INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON HOMELESSNESS

Sec. 501. Permanent authorization.
Sec. 502. Functions.
Sec. 503. Advisory board.
Sec. 504. Director.
Sec. 505. Conforming amendment.
TITLE VI--REVENUE RELATED TO HOUSING SPECULATION AND DISPLACEMENT

Sec. 601. Amendments to the tax code.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

For purposes of this Act, the following definitions shall apply:
(1) At risk of homelessness.--The term ``at risk of 
homelessness'' means, with respect to an individual or family, 
that the individual or family--
(A) has an annual income that is less than 30 
percent of median family income for the area, as 
determined by the Secretary;
(B) does not have sufficient resources or support 
networks, including family, friends, faith-based 
organizations, and other social networks, immediately 
available to prevent the individual or family from 
moving to an emergency shelter or other place described 
in paragraph (3)(A) of this subsection; and
(C)(i) has moved because of economic hardship two 
or more times during the 60 days immediately preceding 
the application for homelessness prevention assistance 
under this Act;
(ii) is living in the home of another because of 
economic hardship;
(iii) has been notified in writing that their right 
to occupy their current housing or living situation 
will be terminated within 21 days of the date of 
application for assistance under this Act;
(iv) lives in a hotel or motel and the cost of the 
hotel or motel stay is not paid by charitable 
organizations or by Federal, State, or local government 
programs for low-income individuals;
(v) lives in a single-room occupancy or efficiency 
apartment unit in which there reside more than two 
persons, or lives in a larger housing unit in which 
there reside more than 1.5 people per room, as defined 
by the United States Census Bureau;
(vi) is exiting a publicly funded institution, or 
system of care, including health-care facilities, 
mental health facilities, foster care and other youth 
facilities, and correction programs and institutions; 
or
(vii) otherwise lives in housing that has 
characteristics associated with instability and an 
increased risk of homelessness, including those 
characteristics identified in the approved consolidated 
plan for the applicable jurisdiction.
(2) Cost-burdened.--The term ``cost-burdened'' means, with 
respect to an individual or family, that the individual or 
family--
(A) spends more than 22 percent of their income on 
rent, or other housing-related costs, including 
property taxes, utility bills, and mortgage payments, 
or both; or
(B) otherwise compromises other basic needs in 
order to pay for housing.
(3) Governmental unit; municipality.--The terms 
``governmental unit'' and ``municipality'' have the meanings 
given such terms in section 101 of title 31, United States 
Code.
(4) Homeless.--The term ``homeless'' means, with respect to 
an individual or family--
(A) an individual or family who lacks a fixed, 
regular, and adequate nighttime residence;
(B) an individual or family with a primary 
nighttime residence that is a public or private place 
not designed for or ordinarily used as a regular 
sleeping accommodation for human beings, including a 
car, park, abandoned building, bus or train station, 
airport, or camping ground;
(C) an individual or family living in a supervised 
publicly or privately operated shelter designated to 
provide temporary living arrangements (including hotels 
and motels paid for by Federal, State, or local 
government programs for low-income individuals or by 
charitable organizations, congregate shelters, and 
transitional housing);
(D) an individual who resided in a shelter or place 
not meant for human habitation and who is exiting an 
institution where he or she temporarily resided; and
(E) an individual or family who will imminently 
lose their housing, including housing they own, rent, 
or live in without paying rent, are sharing with 
others, and rooms in hotels or motels not paid for by 
Federal, State, or local government programs for low-
income individuals or by charitable organizations.
(5) Housing first.--The term ``Housing First'' means, with 
respect to addressing homelessness, an approach to quickly and 
successfully connect individuals and families experiencing 
homelessness to permanent and affordable housing opportunities 
and appropriate services without preconditions and low or no 
barriers to entry, including barriers relating to sobriety, 
treatment, work requirements, and service participation 
requirements.
(6) Housing-unstable.--
(A) In general.--The term ``housing-unstable'' 
means, with respect to an individual or family that the 
individual or family--
(i) lacks a fixed, regular, and adequate 
nighttime residence;
(ii) shares housing with other persons due 
to loss of housing or economic hardship;
(iii) lives in hotels or motels, trailer 
parks, or campgrounds due to lack of 
alternative arrangements;
(iv) is awaiting foster care placement;
(v) lives in substandard housing;
(vi) is a child of migrant worker;
(vii) has moved more than three times in 
the past year due to economic instability;
(viii) would be unable to pay for housing 
if their income decreased by $100 or more or if 
they experienced a financial hardship;
(ix) is paying for housing or shelter with 
labor or sex;
(x) has housing that is dependent on their 
employer;
(xi) is exiting from incarceration 
(including pre-trial and pre-conviction 
detention; immigration detention; and juvenile 
detention) or who will be exiting from 
incarceration (including conditional release on 
bail or parole) in the next six months, or, 
with respect to youth, who is or has been held 
in the custody of the Office of Refugee 
Resettlement of the Department of Health and 
Human Services;
(xii) has an income that does not exceed 50 
percent of median income for the area in which 
they reside;
(xiii) has a primary income that is fixed 
and derived solely from Federal or State 
benefits; or
(xiv) is a survivor of domestic violence or 
trafficking residing with a perpetrator of 
domestic violence or trafficking.
(B) Included populations.--Such term includes an 
individual or family who is--
(i) at risk of homelessness, as such term 
in defined in this subsection;
(ii) not consistently or safely housed, 
including individuals and families at imminent 
risk of eviction, who are couch-hopping, have 
had to move into the dwelling unit of another 
individual or family; or
(iii) homeless in a rural area.
(7) Justice system-involved.--The term ``justice system-
involved'' includes persons who are or have been incarcerated 
or held in municipal, State, or Federal jails, prisons, 
juvenile facilities, or other types of detention facilities, 
who have been held in pre-trial or post-conviction detention, 
who have an arrest or conviction regardless of whether they 
were detained or incarcerated, who have been held in 
immigration detention, or, with respect to youth, who are or 
have been held in the custody of the Office of Refugee 
Resettlement of the Department of Health and Human Services.
(8) Penalize homelessness.--The term ``penalize 
homelessness'' means to impose, by a governmental unit, 
criminal or civil penalties on persons who are homeless or 
housing unstable in a manner that is related to those persons' 
engagement in necessary human activities, including sleeping, 
resting, and eating.
(9) Permanent supportive housing.--The term ``permanent 
supportive housing'' means housing that provides--
(A) indefinite leasing or rental assistance; and
(B) non-mandatory, culturally competent supportive 
services to assist persons to achieve housing stability 
and maintain their health and well-being.
(10) Population at higher risk of homelessness.--
(A) In general.--The term ``population at higher 
risk of homelessness'' means a group of persons that is 
defined by a common characteristic and that has been 
found to experience homelessness, housing instability, 
or to be cost-burdened at a rate higher than that of 
the general public.
(B) Higher rate.--Information that may be used in 
demonstrating such a higher rate includes data 
generated by the Federal Government, by State or 
municipal governments, by peer-reviewed research, and 
by organizations having expertise in working with or 
advocating on behalf of homeless, housing unstable, or 
cost-burdened groups.
(C) Included populations.--Such term shall include 
populations for which such higher rate has already been 
demonstrated, including Asian, Black, Latino, Native 
American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander and other 
communities of color; persons with disabilities, 
including mental health disabilities, elderly persons, 
foster and former foster youth; LGBTQ persons, gender 
non-binary and gender non-conforming persons, justice 
system-involved persons, and veterans.

TITLE I--SUPPORTED ALTERNATIVES TO PENALIZATION OF PERSONS EXPERIENCING 
HOMELESSNESS

SEC. 101. GRANT AUTHORIZATION.

The Attorney General is authorized to make grants to States, units 
of local government, public and community defender systems, and 
nonprofit organizations to create or expand alternatives to penalizing 
homelessness.

SEC. 102. APPLICATION.

(a) In General.--An entity seeking a grant under this title shall 
submit to the Attorney General an application at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information as the Attorney General may 
reasonably require, including an assurance described in subsection (b).
(b) Assurance Described.--An assurance described in this subsection 
is an assurance that the entity has in place a policy protecting 
employees, persons, and communities served by the entity from 
discrimination under applicable civil rights laws, and that such policy 
includes protection from discrimination on the basis of gender-related 
identity, appearance, mannerisms, or other gender-related 
characteristics of an individual, regardless of the individual's 
designated sex at birth.
(c) Nonprofit Expertise.--In addition to the assurance described in 
subsection (b), a nonprofit organization seeking a grant under this 
title shall demonstrate in its application that it has a proven history 
of--
(1) successful engagement with populations experiencing 
homelessness and housing instability, including members of a 
population at higher risk of homelessness; or
(2) assisting communities to engage in alternatives to 
penalizing homelessness.

SEC. 103. USE OF FUNDS.

An entity that receives a grant under this title may use funds 
received under this title for any of the following:
(1) Creating or expanding a diversion program, including a 
law enforcement assisted diversion program, which program 
includes--
(A) a focus on reducing racial disparity in law 
enforcement and prosecution;
(B) reliance on harm-reduction principles;
(C) collaboration with community-based, trauma-
informed organizations;
(D) development of pre-arrest diversion programs 
that are designed in consultation persons experiencing 
homelessness and housing instability, populations at 
higher risk of homelessness, and community based health 
and service providers; and
(E) a primary focus on providing diversion services 
to persons and communities that are homeless or at risk 
of homelessness.
(2) Providing technical support to jurisdictions that are 
working to reduce the extent to which the laws or policies in 
that jurisdiction penalize homelessness, including--
(A) assisting the jurisdiction in creating 
procedures, programs, and infrastructure to safeguard 
the personal property of persons experiencing 
homelessness or housing instability, in consultation 
with persons and organizations representing such 
persons;
(B) developing protocols for pre-booking diversion 
for offenses in cases where the incident is related to 
homelessness or housing instability, a mental health 
condition, or addiction; and
(C) identifying statutes, regulations, and policies 
that penalize homeless and housing unstable persons, 
and identifying, pursuing, and implementing 
alternatives that promote Housing First, permanent 
supportive housing, and the health, safety and self-
determination of such persons.
(3) Creating, supporting, expanding, or studying mobile 
crisis intervention teams that are trained to provide 
stabilization services to persons with an urgent medical or 
psychological need, as an alternative to a law enforcement 
response, which teams may include healthcare professionals, 
mental health professionals, addiction counselors, housing 
referral specialists, groups serving or representing justice 
system-involved or housing unstable persons, and other related 
resource providers.

SEC. 104. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out this title 
$100,000,000 for the first fiscal year commencing after the date of the 
enactment of this Act and for each of the next nine succeeding fiscal 
years thereafter.

TITLE II--INVESTING IN INFRASTRUCTURE TO ADDRESS BASIC HUMAN NEEDS

SEC. 201. CDBG PLUS PROGRAM.

Title IV of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
11360 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subtitle:

``Subtitle E--Community Development Block Grant Plus Program

``SEC. 496. CDBG PLUS PROGRAM.

``(a) Authority.--The Secretary of Housing and Urban Development 
shall carry out a Community Development Block Grant Plus Program under 
this section (in this section referred to as the `CDBG Plus Program') 
to provide assistance to units of general local government and States 
for activities to benefit homeless, housing unstable, or cost-burdened 
households, as such terms are defined in section 2 of the Housing Is a 
Human Right Act of 2025.
``(b) Structure.--The CDBG Plus Program shall be carried out in the 
same manner and subject to the same requirements and limitations 
applicable to the community development block grant program under title 
I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5301 
et seq.), except to the extent otherwise provided--
``(1) by this section; or
``(2) by the Secretary, to account for differences 
between--
``(A) the primary objectives of such block grant 
program and the CDBG Plus Program (as provided in 
subsection (c) of this section); and
``(B) the primary benefit requirement of such block 
grant program under section 101(c) of such Act (42 
U.S.C. 5301(c)) and the primary benefit requirement of 
the CDBG Plus Program (as provided in subsection (d) of 
this section).
``(c) Primary Objective.--The primary objective of this section and 
of the CDBG Plus Program of each grantee under the program shall be to 
reduce and end homelessness and housing instability and to reduce and 
prevent housing-related cost-burdens, with priority given to providing 
housing for low-income and extremely low-income households and for 
members of a population at higher risk of homelessness, as such term is 
defined in section 2 of the Housing Is a Human Right Act of 2025.
``(d) Primary Benefit Requirement.--Consistent with the primary 
objective under subsection (c), all of the Federal assistance provided 
to States and units of general local government under the CDBG Plus 
Program shall be used for the support of activities that benefit 
homeless, housing unstable, or cost-burdened households.
``(e) Program Differences.--Notwithstanding any provision of title 
I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5301 
et seq.), the CDBG Plus Program shall be subject to the following 
requirements:
``(1) Eligible activities.--Notwithstanding section 105 of 
such title (42 U.S.C. 5305), activities assisted under the CDBG 
Plus Program may include only the following activities:
``(A) Projects that improve compliance with the 
Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 
12101 et seq.), projects that address other barriers to 
full community participation, integration, and access 
as identified by directly impacted persons with 
disabilities who experience homelessness or housing 
instability, and projects directed to the removal of 
material and architectural barriers which restrict the 
mobility and accessibility of elderly persons and 
persons with disabilities, and projects that assist 
elderly persons to age in place.
``(B) The acquisition of real property (including 
air rights, water rights, and other interests therein), 
that--
``(i) is appropriate for rehabilitation, 
conservation, or construction of permanent 
affordable housing or transitional housing; or
``(ii) is being acquired by or on behalf of 
a group of persons who are homeless, housing 
unstable, or at risk of homelessness to provide 
housing, land, or self-determination to that 
group of persons.
``(C) The provision of public services that 
increase stability and housing access for persons 
experiencing homelessness or housing instability, 
including services associated with permanent supportive 
housing, housing search and placement support, and 
legal services.
``(D) Activities necessary to develop, implement, 
or evaluate a comprehensive plan to end homelessness 
and housing instability.
``(E) The rehabilitation, development, or 
construction of dignified and humane housing that is 
permanently affordable to persons earning 30 percent or 
less of the median income for the area in which the 
housing is located, including the construction and 
maintenance of public housing units and the creation of 
new forms of housing, such as tiny homes.
``(F) The acquisition, rehabilitation, renovation, 
or conversion of transitional housing, temporary 
shelters, and other spaces, such as hotels, motels, 
government-owned properties, and commercial business 
spaces, to address urgent safety and public health 
needs for persons experiencing homelessness and housing 
instability, except that no funds shall be granted to 
any projects by government units or municipalities that 
penalize homelessness or force or coerce persons to 
utilize those spaces.
``(G) All necessary activities to create, maintain, 
and offer to the public the types of infrastructure 
necessary to address basic human needs, including 
public bathrooms, water fountains, and places to sit 
and rest.
``(H) Projects that ensure access to specialized 
medical respite housing and associated services and 
supports for persons experiencing homelessness or 
housing instability who are sick, injured, or who have 
been discharged from hospitals, nursing facilities, or 
similar facilities.
Notwithstanding any provision of title I of the Housing and 
Community Development Act of 1974, the construction of new 
affordable housing in accordance with this paragraph is 
specifically permitted as an eligible activity of the CDBG Plus 
Program.
``(2) Formula distribution.--
``(A) Use of existing regulations.--Until the 
regulations required under subparagraph (B) take 
effect, amounts made available for assistance under 
this title shall be allocated pursuant to the formula 
established under section 106 of the Housing and 
Community Development Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5306).
``(B) New formula.--Not later than the expiration 
of the 12-month period beginning on the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall issue 
regulations that establish a formula for allocation of 
amounts made available for assistance under this title 
that utilizes factors that more directly correlate to 
need of grantees for such amounts to address 
homelessness, housing instability, and cost-burdened 
households.
``(3) Citizen participation plan.--In addition to citizen 
participation requirements under section 104(a) of such title 
(42 U.S.C. 5304(a)), the citizenship participation process of 
each grantee under the CDBG Plus Program shall solicit the 
active participation of homeless, housing unstable, and cost-
burdened households in directing the use of assistance provided 
under the Program.
``(4) Non-displacement.--Notwithstanding section 104(d) of 
such title (42 U.S.C. 5304(d)), each grantee under the CDBG 
Plus Program shall--
``(A) certify that the activities funded with 
assistance provided under the program will not displace 
low- and moderate-income people; and
``(B) take such actions as the Secretary considers 
necessary to inform residents of grantee community of a 
phone number for the Department of Housing and Urban 
Development which may be used to inform the Department 
of any such activities that may be causing the 
displacement of low- and moderate-income residents.
``(5) Expedited assistance.--The Secretary shall provide 
for expedited funding under the CDBG Plus program for any 
grantee that demonstrates that Federal property is available in 
the jurisdiction of the grantee that could be used to address 
homelessness and associated needs or housing instability but 
for the infrastructure needs that could be addressed through 
funds provided under the CDBG Plus Program.
``(6) Housing-first.--In allocating amounts for grants 
under the CDBG Plus Program, the Secretary shall prioritize 
affordable housing creation, permanent supportive housing, and 
supportive services utilizing a Housing First model, and other 
infrastructure to address basic human needs.
``(7) Sustainability, resilience, and water and energy 
efficiency.--Not less than 10 percent of all amounts made 
available for assistance pursuant to this section shall be used 
only for eligible activities relating to sustainability, 
resilience, water and energy efficiency and, at the Secretary's 
discretion, other strategies to enhance the environmental 
sustainability and climate resilience of production, design, 
and construction of structures funded under the program under 
this section. Eligible activities shall include--
``(A) construction that utilizes local, natural 
materials developed using sustainable methods that 
produce few or no carbon emissions; or other 
sustainable materials;
``(B) use of sustainable appliances made in the 
United States, including all-electric appliances, and 
use of appliance, materials, and procedures that bring 
the structure into compliance with the Environmental 
Protection Agency's WaterSense certification for 
efficient water use and Energy Star certification for 
energy-efficient appliances;
``(C) construction or retrofit to build highly 
energy-efficient structures that produce on-site, or 
procure, enough carbon-free renewable energy to meet 
total energy consumption annually;
``(D) use of renewable energy, which shall 
include--
``(i) utility-, community-, and small-scale 
photovoltaic and thermal solar energy;
``(ii) utility- and small-scale wind 
energy;
``(iii) geothermal energy;
``(iv) microturbine hydroelectricity;
``(v) energy efficiency;
``(vi) building electrification;
``(vii) energy storage;
``(viii) microgrids; and
``(ix) modern distribution grid 
infrastructure; and
``(E) construction, retrofit, alternations, or 
repair that brings the structure into compliance with 
an Environmental Protection Agency or sustainable 
construction industry-recognized standard, including 
the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design, 
International Green Construction Code, ASHRAE 189.1, 
National Green Building Standard, Green Globes, Living 
Building Challenge, and Building Research Establishment 
Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM).
``(8) No penalization of homelessness.--In allocating 
amounts for grants under the program under this section, the 
Secretary shall prioritize applicants with a dedicated 
commitment to reducing and ending the penalization of 
homelessness and applicants that can demonstrate compliance 
with Center for Disease Control standards on appropriate 
responses to the coronavirus disease 2019 for persons 
experiencing unsheltered homelessness.
``(f) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to affect or alter the community development block grant 
program under title I of the Housing and Community Development Act of 
1974 (42 U.S.C. 5301 et seq.).
``(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated for assistance under the CDBG Plus Program under this 
section, for the first fiscal year commencing after the date of the 
enactment of this Act and for each of the next nine succeeding fiscal 
years thereafter, an amount equal to the difference between 
$6,000,000,000 and the amount credited for such use for such fiscal 
year pursuant to section 301(3) of the Housing Is a Human Right Act of 
2025.''.

SEC. 202. LIBRARY PILOT GRANTS.

(a) Authorization.--From amounts made available under subsection 
(g) for a fiscal year, the Institute of Museum and Library Services (in 
this section referred to as the ``Institute'') shall award grants, on a 
competitive basis, to enable municipal, county, and State library 
administrative agencies to award subgrants to public libraries, school 
libraries, and public law school libraries for carrying out pilot 
programs to address the needs of homeless and housing-unstable persons.
(b) Pilot Programs.--Each pilot program assisted with amounts from 
a subgrant under this section shall allow a library system or systems 
to create or expand projects or services that primarily address the 
needs of homeless and housing-unstable persons. Preference shall be 
given to funding proposals that integrate with existing Federal or 
State programs that serve homeless persons, housing-unstable 
individuals, and cost-burdened households.
(c) Authorized Agency.--The Institute shall disburse funding made 
available to carry out this section. The Institute may consult with the 
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, the Interagency Council on 
Homelessness, or any other appropriate agency to ensure that funds are 
disbursed and utilized appropriately.
(d) Applications.--To be eligible for a grant under this section, a 
municipal, county, or State library administrative agency shall submit 
an application at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Institute may require. Each application shall 
include--
(1) a description of how the municipal, county, or State 
library administrative agency will award subgrants described in 
subsection (e), including any priorities or considerations that 
will be applied in making such awards, with an emphasis toward 
supporting programs addressing the needs of homeless persons;
(2) a description of how the municipal, county, or State 
library administrative agency will disseminate, in a timely 
manner, information regarding the subgrants described in 
subsection (e) and the application process for such subgrants;
(3) a description of the criteria that the municipal, 
county, or State library administrative agency will require for 
the programs; and
(4) an assurance from the municipal, county, or State 
library administrative agency that each eligible library that 
receives a subgrant will provide programs that primarily serve 
persons who are homeless or housing-unstable.
(e) Subgrants.--
(1) In general.--Each municipal, county, or State library 
administrative agency receiving a grant under this section may 
use such grant amounts to provide subgrants, on a competitive 
basis, to a public library, school library, or public law 
school libraries to enable such libraries to provide programs 
that address the need of homeless persons.
(2) Applications.--To be eligible for a subgrant under this 
subsection, a public library, school library, or public law 
school library shall submit an application at such time, in 
such manner, and containing such information as the municipal, 
county, or State library administrative agency may require. 
Each application shall include--
(A) a description of the homelessness-related 
programs that the eligible local library administrative 
agency will provide at each library to be assisted; and
(B) a description of how community or governmental 
partners will be involved in the homelessness-related 
programs of the library.
(3) Criteria for awards.--A municipal, county, or State 
library administrative agency receiving a grant under this 
section shall award subgrants based on--
(A) the proposed number of libraries and the 
estimated number of homeless persons that will be 
served under the homelessness-related programs; and
(B) any other criteria established by the 
municipal, county, or State library administrative 
agency in the application submitted under subsection 
(d).
(f) Reports.--Each State library administrative agency receiving a 
grant under this section for a fiscal year shall submit a report for 
such fiscal year to the Institute regarding the progress made in 
achieving the purposes of the grant.
(g) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $10,000,000 for the first fiscal 
year commencing after the date of the enactment of this Act and for 
each of the next nine succeeding fiscal years thereafter.

SEC. 203. USE OF UNUTILIZED AND UNDERUTILIZED PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND REAL 
PROPERTY TO ASSIST THE HOMELESS.

Section 501 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 11411) is amended--
(1) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (1), strike ``30'' and insert 
``365''; and
(B) in paragraph (2), strike ``30-day'' and insert 
``365-day'';
(2) in subsection (e)(2)(A), strike ``75'' and insert 
``365''; and
(3) in subsection (f), by adding at the end the following 
new paragraph:
``(5)(A) In the case of a representative of the homeless who has 
received a grant under a CDBG Plus Program under section 496 of this 
Act, such representative shall, notwithstanding any other provision of 
this title, be considered eligible for conveyance of any real or 
personal property requested under the authority of this section or 
section 502 (42 U.S.C. 11412).
``(B) A request by such a representative shall be expedited and 
shall not be subject to the review processes under such sections. It 
shall be the burden of the Secretary to present any reasons why the 
grantee should not receive the requested property, and absent 
extraordinary circumstances, including danger to the grantee or 
potential harmful environmental impact that would be impossible to 
mitigate, the representative of the homeless shall be presumed to 
qualify for the property requested.
``(C) Conveyances of properties pursuant to this section shall be 
made deed, and not by lease, unless explicitly requested otherwise by 
the representative of the homeless.
``(D) The Secretary shall identify and implement a process by which 
such grant recipients and applicants shall be--
``(i) regularly notified of their eligibility status under 
this paragraph;
``(ii) notified of all lists of available properties;
``(iii) presumed to be eligible for transfers of property;
``(iv) prioritized and expedited for transfers of property;
``(v) permitted to appeal to the Secretary for 
reconsideration;
``(vi) expedited access to properties; and
``(vii) conveyed properties pursuant to subparagraph 
(C).''.

TITLE III--INVESTING IN COMMUNITY STABILITY AND WELL-BEING

SEC. 301. TREATMENT OF REVENUE GENERATED.

For each fiscal year, the Secretary of the Treasury shall determine 
the amount of revenues accruing to the general fund of the Treasury by 
reason of the enactment of title VI of this Act and shall credit an 
amount equal to such revenues to the Secretary of Housing and Urban 
Development as follows:
(1) The Secretary shall credit 40 percent of such revenues 
for assistance under the emergency solutions grant program 
authorized under subtitle B of title IV of the McKinney-Vento 
Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11371 et seq.).
(2) The Secretary shall credit 40 percent of such revenues 
for assistance under the continuum of care program authorized 
under subtitle C of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act 
(42 U.S.C. 11381 et seq.).
(3) The Secretary shall credit 20 percent of such revenues 
for assistance under the Community Development Block Grant Plus 
Program, authorized under section 496 of the McKinney-Vento 
Homeless Assistance Act (as added by section 201 of this Act).

SEC. 302. EMERGENCY SOLUTIONS GRANT PROGRAM.

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Housing 
and Urban Development, for the first fiscal year commencing after the 
date of the enactment of this Act and each of the next nine succeeding 
fiscal years thereafter, to make grants under the emergency solutions 
grant program authorized under subtitle B of title IV of the McKinney-
Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11371 et seq.), an amount 
equal to the difference between $10,000,000,000 and the amount credited 
for such use for such fiscal year pursuant to section 301(1) of this 
Act.

SEC. 303. CONTINUUM OF CARE GRANT PROGRAM.

There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary of Housing 
and Urban Development, for the first fiscal year commencing after the 
date of the enactment of this Act and each of the next nine succeeding 
fiscal years thereafter, to make grants under the continuum of care 
program authorized under subtitle C of the McKinney-Vento Homeless 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11381 et seq.), an amount equal to the 
difference between $10,000,000,000 and the amount credited for such use 
for such fiscal year pursuant to section 301(2) of this Act.

SEC. 304. FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY EMERGENCY FOOD AND 
SHELTER GRANT PROGRAM.

(a) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated, for the first fiscal year commencing after the date of 
the enactment of this Act and each of the next nine succeeding fiscal 
years thereafter, $1,000,000,000 for emergency food and shelter grants 
under subtitle B of title III of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 11341 et seq.).
(b) National Board Membership.--Subsection (b) of section 301 of 
the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11331(b)) is 
amended--
(1) in the first sentence, by striking ``6 members'' and 
inserting ``at least 8 members'';
(2) in the third sentence by striking ``Each such member'' 
and inserting ``Four members''; and
(3) by inserting after and below paragraph (6) the 
following flush matter:
``At least 4 members shall be appointed from among individuals 
nominated by national organizations identified by the Director, in 
consultation with the United States Interagency Council on 
Homelessness, that represent a population at higher risk of 
homelessness (as such term is defined in section 2 of the Housing Is a 
Human Right Act of 2025).''.
(c) Eligible Activities.--Subsection (a) of section 313 of the 
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11343(a)) is 
amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``hygiene,'' after 
``food,'';
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and'' at the end; and
(3) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following 
new paragraphs:
``(3) to conduct rehabilitation of existing shelter or 
feeding facilities to ensure such facilities are safe, 
sanitary, and in compliance with local building codes;
``(4) to provide flexible and appropriate access to 
temporary shelter;
``(5) to build and maintain new forms of safe and sanitary 
shelters, including tiny homes; and
``(6) to provide supports, including shelter, transitional 
housing, and specialized medical respite shelter and associated 
services to homeless or housing-unstable (as such term is 
defined in section 2 of the Housing Is a Human Right Act of 
2025) elderly persons, persons with disabilities, and persons 
who are or have been sick or injured, and to persons are who 
are being discharged or who have recently been discharged from 
hospitals, nursing facilities or similar facilities''.
(d) Distribution of Amounts.--Paragraph (2) of section 316(a) of 
the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11346(a)(2)) is 
amended by inserting before the semicolon the following: ``, which 
shall provide for consideration of regional variation in housing costs 
and costs of living, rates of homelessness and housing instability, and 
income inequality''.
(e) Appropriate Non-Discrimination Policy.--
(1) National and local boards.--Section 301 of the 
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11331) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(f) Appropriate Non-Discrimination Policy.--The National Board 
shall--
``(1) at all times having in effect a policy that prohibits 
discrimination against persons in all classes provided 
protection against discrimination under Federal law and 
explicitly prohibits discrimination based on the gender-related 
identity, appearance, mannerisms, or other gender-related 
characteristics of an individual, regardless of the 
individual's designated sex at birth; and
``(2) require each local board designated pursuant to 
section 302 to have in effect a policy described in paragraph 
(1) of this subsection.''.
(2) Service providers.--Subsection (a) of section 316 of 
the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11346(a)) 
is amended--
(A) in paragraph (5), by striking ``and'' at the 
end;
(B) in paragraph (6), by striking the period at the 
end and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
``(7) guidelines requiring each private nonprofit 
organization and local government carrying out a local 
emergency food and shelter program with amounts provided under 
this subtitle to have in effect, with respect to such program, 
a policy described in section 301(f)(1).''.
(f) GAO Study of Allocation Formula.--The Comptroller General of 
the United States shall conduct a study to identify and analyze the 
methods in effect on the date of the enactment of this Act for 
determining the amount and distribution of assistance under the 
Emergency Food and Shelter Grants Program of the Federal Emergency 
Management Agency under subtitle B of title III of the McKinney-Vento 
Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11341 et seq.) to determine whether 
such current methods adequately address the needs of homeless persons 
and the communities that serve them. Not later than the expiration of 
the 12-month period beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, 
the Comptroller General shall submit a report to the Congress detailing 
the findings of such study and making recommendations as to how the 
Emergency Food and Shelter Program National Board should revise such 
methods to more adequately and accurately meet such needs.
(g) GAO Study of Compliance With Participation Requirements.--The 
Comptroller General of the United States shall conduct a study to 
identify and analyze the extent to which recipient service providers 
under the Emergency Food and Shelter Grants Program of the Federal 
Emergency Management Agency under subtitle B of title III of the 
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11341 et seq.) comply 
with the provisions of the guidelines for such Program required under 
paragraphs (5) and (6) of section 316(a) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
11346(a); relating to involvement and participation of homeless 
individuals). Not later than the expiration of the 24-month period 
beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
General shall submit a report to the Congress detailing the findings of 
such study, including identifying any barriers to compliance and the 
level of compliance and recommending models for compliance (including 
specific models used by such recipient service providers) and suggested 
support methods to assist recipients to comply.

SEC. 305. REQUIREMENTS.

(a) Limitation on Matching Funds Requirements.--Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, in the case of any grant made using amounts 
made available by this Act to any recipient that is a governmental 
unit, non-Federal supplemental or matching funding shall not be 
required for such grant if such recipient demonstrates to the 
satisfaction of the Secretary that--
(1) assistance using such grant amounts will be provided in 
accordance with a Housing First strategy for addressing 
homelessness in the area in which the assistance is used;
(2) the recipient has created and implemented a formal plan 
to cease to penalize homelessness;
(3) the recipient has established a formal plan to identify 
and address structural and implicit bias in implementation of 
programs funded under this Act that specifically addresses 
potential bias towards members of groups identified a 
population at higher risk of homelessness, as such term is 
defined in section 2 of this Act;
(4) the recipient has established a formal plan to 
facilitate issuance and replacement of personal identification 
documents issued by the recipient for persons who are homeless 
or housing-unstable;
(5) in the case of any recipient that administers 
elections, the recipient has established a plan to ensure that 
persons who are homeless or housing-unstable are not prevented 
from voting due to irregular or non-existent addresses or other 
similar barriers; and
(6) the recipient has procedures in effect for interacting 
with the property of homeless persons that--
(A) require a minimum of three days prior notice 
shall be given before property is moved or disposed of;
(B) provide a plan that safeguards any item that is 
not clearly trash for a minimum of 30 days; and
(C) allow persons experiencing homelessness to 
easily retrieve their possessions.
(b) Requirement for Ongoing Efforts.--Assistance made available 
under this Act may not be provided to any governmental unit unless such 
unit demonstrates, to the satisfaction of the Secretary, that such 
entity has in effect, or is actively working toward implementing, 
policies, regulations, or other requirements sufficient to ensure the 
following within the jurisdiction of such entity:
(1) Any law that imposes a criminal punishment on a person 
or groups of persons who are homeless, or who has no other 
place to go, for sleeping outside or on public property is not 
being enforced.
(2) Effective procedures are in effect for interacting with 
the property of homeless persons that comply with due process 
protections of the 14th Amendment to the Constitution of the 
United States.
(c) Non-Governmental Entities.--Assistance made available under 
this Act may not be provided to any entity that is not a governmental 
unit unless such entity demonstrates to the satisfaction of the 
Secretary that--
(1) such entity has in effect, or is actively working 
toward implementing, a procedure that provides for regular 
community participation, comment, feedback, and guidance on the 
activities and performance in serving homeless, housing-
unstable, and cost-burdened individuals and households; and
(2) in the case of any entity that in any fiscal year 
receives more than $1,000,000 from amounts made available under 
this Act, all personnel carrying out activities assisted with 
amounts made available under this Act whose responsibilities 
involve regular contact with homeless, housing-unstable, or 
cost-burdened individuals or households, or who have management 
positions overseeing personnel in regular contact with 
homeless, housing-unstable, or cost-burdened individuals or 
households, are adequately trained regarding harm reduction, 
de-escalation techniques, trauma-informed care, implicit bias, 
cultural competency, and disability rights.
(d) All Entities.--Assistance made available under this Act may not 
be provided to any entity, whether a governmental unit or a non-
governmental entity, unless such entity demonstrates to the 
satisfaction of the Secretary that such entity has in effect a written 
non-discrimination policy that--
(1) prohibits discrimination against persons in all classes 
provided protection against discrimination under Federal law; 
and
(2) explicitly prohibits discrimination based on the 
gender-related identity, appearance, mannerisms, or other 
gender-related characteristics of an individual, regardless of 
the individual's designated sex at birth.

SEC. 306. GAO STUDY OF REQUIREMENTS REGARDING PARTICIPATION AND 
INVOLVEMENT OF HOMELESS INDIVIDUALS.

(a) Study.--The Comptroller General of the United States shall 
conduct a study to identify and analyze the extent to which--
(1) recipient service providers under the Emergency Food 
and Shelter Grants Program of the Federal Emergency Management 
Agency under subtitle B of title III of the McKinney-Vento 
Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11341 et seq.) comply with 
the provisions of the guidelines for such Program required 
under paragraphs (5) and (6) of section 316(a) of such Act (42 
U.S.C. 11346(a); relating to involvement and participation of 
homeless individuals); and
(2) recipients under the Emergency Solutions Grant Program 
under subtitle B of title IV of the McKinney-Vento Homeless 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11371 et seq.) comply with the 
requirements under section 416(d) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
11375(d); relating to participation of homeless individuals).
(b) Report.--Not later than the expiration of the 36-month period 
beginning on the date of the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller 
General shall submit a report to the Congress detailing the findings of 
such study, including identifying the level of such compliance and any 
barriers to compliance with such requirements, and recommending models 
for compliance (including any effective specific models used by such 
recipients) and suggested support methods to assist recipients to 
comply.

TITLE IV--ACCESS TO VOTING

SEC. 401. STUDY OF FACTORS ADVERSELY AFFECTING ABILITY OF HOMELESS AND 
HOUSING-UNSTABLE INDIVIDUALS TO VOTE.

(a) Study.--The Election Assistance Commission shall conduct a 
study identifying and analyzing on a State-by-State basis the factors 
which adversely affect the ability of individuals who are homeless or 
who are housing-unstable to vote in elections for public office, 
including the implementation of the REAL ID Act, State laws requiring 
voters to provide ID as a condition of voting, and the penalization of 
homelessness.
(b) Report.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Commission shall submit to Congress and make 
available to the public a report on the study conducted under 
subsection (a), and shall include in the report recommendations to 
address the factors identified in the study.
(c) State Defined.--In this section, the term ``State'' means each 
of the several States, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of 
Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the United States Virgin Islands, 
and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.

SEC. 402. GRANTS TO FACILITATE VOTING BY HOMELESS AND HOUSING-UNSTABLE 
INDIVIDUALS.

(a) Grants.--The Election Assistance Commission shall carry out a 
program under which the Commission shall make grants to eligible 
nonprofit corporations and eligible units of local government for 
carrying out programs and activities which will facilitate voting in 
elections for public office by individuals who are homeless or who are 
housing-unstable.
(b) Eligibility.--A nonprofit corporation or a unit of local 
government is eligible to receive a grant under the program established 
under this section if the corporation or unit submits to the Election 
Assistance Commission, at such time and in such form as the Commission 
may require, an application containing--
(1) in the case of a nonprofit corporation, a certification 
that the corporation has in effect a non-discrimination policy 
that prohibits discrimination against persons in all classes 
provided protection against discrimination under Federal law 
and that further protects against discrimination on the basis 
of the gender-related identity, appearance, mannerisms, or 
other gender-related characteristics of an individual, 
regardless of the individual's designated sex at birth; and
(2) such information and assurances as the Commission may 
require.
(c) Priorities in Selection of Nonprofit Corporations.--In 
selecting among eligible nonprofit corporations for receiving grants 
under the program established under this section, the Commission shall 
give priority to corporations which meet any of the following:
(1) A proven history of working with homeless, housing-
unstable, and cost-burdened households.
(2) A proven history of successfully encouraging civic 
participation.
(3) A proven history of participation by homeless, housing-
unstable, and cost-burdened households in the leadership and 
decision-making power of the corporation.
(4) A proven history of successful engagement with a 
population at higher risk of homelessness, including--
(A) LGBTQ persons;
(B) foster youth and former foster youth;
(C) Asian, Black, Latino, Native American, Native 
Hawaiian, Pacific Islander and other communities of 
color;
(D) low-income older adults;
(E) persons with disabilities, including mental 
health disabilities;
(F) justice-system-involved persons; and
(G) immigrant communities.
(d) Nonprofit Corporation Defined.--In this section, the term 
``nonprofit corporation'' means a corporation described in section 
501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation 
under section 501(a) of such Code.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for the first fiscal 
year commencing after the date of the enactment of this Act and for 
each of the next nine succeeding fiscal years thereafter.

TITLE V--UNITED STATES INTERAGENCY COUNCIL ON HOMELESSNESS

SEC. 501. PERMANENT AUTHORIZATION.

Title II of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 
11311 et seq.) is amended--
(1) in section 208 (42 U.S.C. 11318), by striking the first 
sentence and inserting the following: ``There is authorized to 
be appropriated for each fiscal year $10,000,000 to carry out 
this title.'';
(2) by striking section 209 (42 U.S.C. 11319); and
(3) by redesignating sections 207 and 208 (42 U.S.C. 11317, 
11318) as sections 208 and 209, respectively.

SEC. 502. FUNCTIONS.

Section 203 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 
U.S.C. 11313) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (12), by striking ``and'' at the 
end;
(B) in paragraph (13), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs:
``(14) rely on evidence-based practices;
``(15) identify and promote successful practices, including 
the Housing First strategy and the permanent supportive housing 
model; and
``(16) prioritize addressing disparities faced by members 
of a population at higher risk of homelessness, as such term is 
defined in section 2 of the Housing Is a Human Right Act of 
2025, including by issuing reports and making recommendations 
to agencies.''; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``and'' after 
the semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking the period at the 
end and inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
``(3) make formal reports and recommendations to Federal 
agencies, which shall include comments on how proposed 
regulatory changes would impact persons experiencing 
homelessness, housing instability, or who are cost-burdened.''.

SEC. 503. ADVISORY BOARD.

(a) In General.--Title II of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance 
Act is amended by inserting after section 206 (42 U.S.C. 11316) the 
following new section:

``SEC. 207. ADVISORY BOARD.

``(a) Establishment.--There is established an advisory board for 
the Council.
``(b) Membership.--
``(1) Selection.--The advisory board shall be composed of 
not less than 20 individuals, selected by the Executive 
Director of the Council from nominees proposed pursuant to 
paragraph (2), as follows:
``(A) Not less than 10 members shall be individuals 
who are homeless or experiencing housing instability, 
or were so during the 5 calendar years preceding 
appointment to the advisory board or who have been so 
in the last 5 calendar years.
``(B) Not less than 8 members shall be individuals 
who are members of, or advocate on behalf of, or both, 
a population at higher risk of homelessness, as such 
term is defined in section 2 of the Housing Is a Human 
Right Act of 2025, including such transgender and 
gender non-conforming persons, Asian, Black, Latino, 
Native American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, and 
other communities of color, youth in or formerly in the 
foster care system, and justice-system involved youth 
and adults.
``(2) Nomination.--Nominees for members of the advisory 
board shall be proposed by any grantee or subgrantee under this 
Act.
``(3) Report.--Upon selection of members of the advisory 
board, the Executive Director of the Council shall submit a 
report to the Congress identifying the members selected and 
demonstration compliance with the provisions of this 
subsection.
``(4) Terms.--Members of the advisory board shall serve 
terms of 2 years.
``(c) Functions.--The advisory board shall review the work of the 
Council, make recommendations regarding how the Council can most 
effectively pursue the goal of ending homelessness, and raise specific 
points of concern with members of the Council who represent Federal 
agencies.
``(d) Meetings.--The advisory board shall meet in person not less 
often than twice each year.
``(e) Council Meetings.--The Council shall meet regularly not less 
often than once a year with the advisory board and shall provide timely 
written responses to recommendations, proposals, and concerns issued by 
the advisory board.
``(f) Chairman.--The position of Chairman of the advisory board 
shall be filled by an individual who is a current or former member of 
the advisory board, is nominated by at least two members of the 
advisory board, and is confirmed by a vote of not less than 75 percent 
of the members of the advisory board.
``(g) Compensation.--Each member of the advisory board shall 
receive compensation for their participation including a participation 
stipend in an amount determined by the Council and travel expenses, 
including per diem in lieu of subsistence, in accordance with sections 
5702 and 5703 of title 5, United States Code.
``(h) Rule of Construction.--The agencies implementing this Act 
shall construe this Act in a manner that facilitates and encourage the 
full participation of advisory board members and shall consider the 
barriers faced by persons experiencing homelessness and shall endeavor 
to overcome such barriers to participation.''.
(b) Representation of Chairman on Council.--Section 202(a) of the 
McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11312(a)) is 
amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraph (22) as paragraph (21); and
(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(22) The chairman of the advisory board established by 
section 207.''.

SEC. 504. DIRECTOR.

Subsection (a) of section 204 of the McKinney-Vento Homeless 
Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11314(a)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``(a) Director.--The Council shall appoint 
an Executive Director, who shall be'' and inserting the 
following:
``(a) Director.--
``(1) In general.--The chief executive officer of the 
Council shall be the Executive Director, who shall be appointed 
in accordance with paragraph (2) and''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(2) Process for appointment.--A vacancy in the position 
of Executive Director shall be filled by an individual 
nominated and appointed to such position by the Council, except 
that the Council may not appoint any nominee who is not 
confirmed by approval of 75 percent of the aggregate of all 
members of the Council and the advisory board under section 207 
pursuant to an election in which each such member's vote is 
given identical weight. If the Council is unable to agree on an 
Executive Director, the chairperson of the advisory council 
shall act as interim Executive Director.''.

SEC. 505. CONFORMING AMENDMENT.

The table of contents in section 101(b) of the McKinney-Vento 
Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11301 note) is amended by striking 
the items relating to sections 209 and 210 and inserting the following:

``Sec. 209. Encouragement of State involvement.''.

TITLE VI--REVENUE RELATED TO HOUSING SPECULATION AND DISPLACEMENT

SEC. 601. AMENDMENTS TO THE TAX CODE.

(a) In General.--Subtitle D of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is 
amended by adding at the end the following new chapter:

``CHAPTER 50B--REAL PROPERTY-RELATED TAXES

``Sec. 5000E-1. Luxury real property transfers.
``Sec. 5000E-2. Real property secrecy transfer tax.
``Sec. 5000E-3. Mass landlord rental tax.

``SEC. 5000E-1. LUXURY REAL PROPERTY TRANSFERS.

``(a) In General.--There is hereby imposed on the sale or exchange 
of real property a tax equal to 5 percent of the amount realized from 
such sale or exchange.
``(b) Limitation.--The tax imposed by this section shall not apply 
to a sale or exchange of property unless the amount realized from such 
sale or exchange (or from a series of related sales or exchanges of 
which such property is a part) is at least $10,000,000.
``(c) Liability for Tax.--
``(1) In general.--The tax imposed by this section shall be 
paid \1/2\ by the transferor and \1/2\ by the transferee.
``(2) Exceptions.--
``(A) Property transferred to tax-exempt.--In the 
case of property transferred to a tax exempt entity, or 
a State or local government (or political subdivision 
thereof), the tax imposed by this section shall be 
zero.
``(B) Property transferred by tax-exempt.--In the 
case of property transferred by a tax-exempt entity, or 
a State or local government (or political subdivision 
thereof), the tax imposed by this section shall be paid 
by the transferee.
``(C) Tax exempt entity.--For purposes of this 
section, the term `tax-exempt entity' means any 
organization which is exempt from the tax imposed by 
this chapter unless such property is used predominantly 
in an unrelated trade or business the income of which 
is subject to tax under section 511.
``(d) Regulations.--The Secretary shall prescribe such rules as may 
be necessary or appropriate to prevent avoidance of the purposes of 
this section.

``SEC. 5000E-2. REAL PROPERTY SECRECY TRANSFER TAX.

``(a) In General.--In the case of a sale or exchange of real 
property to or from an applicable anonymous entity, there is hereby 
imposed on such transfer a tax equal to $10 for each $100 realized on 
such sale or exchange.
``(b) Applicable Anonymous Taxpayer.--
``(1) In general.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`applicable anonymous entity' means any entity or trust the 
beneficial owners of which are not available by freely 
accessible public records.
``(2) Beneficial owner.--The term `beneficial owner' means, 
with respect to any entity, an individual who has any ownership 
interest in the entity and--
``(A) exercises control over the entity,
``(B) owns equity interest in such entity, or
``(C) receives substantial economic benefits from 
such entity (other than in connection with employment).
``(3) Special rule for entities registered in global legal 
identifier program.--
``(A) In general.--Paragraph (1) shall not apply to 
any entity that participates in the legal entity 
identifier program.
``(B) Controlled groups.--In the case of any 
persons treated as a single employer under subsection 
(a) or (b) of section 52, or subsection (m) or (o) of 
section 414, subparagraph (A) shall only apply if each 
such person so treated participates in the legal entity 
identifier program.
``(c) Liability for Tax.--
``(1) In general.--Each applicable anonymous entity who 
transfers or receives property in a sale or exchange to which 
this section applies shall be jointly and severally liable for 
payment of the tax imposed by this section.
``(2) Members of controlled group.--If such an applicable 
anonymous entity is a member of a controlled group, each member 
of such controlled group shall be jointly and severally liable 
for such payment.

``SEC. 5000E-3. MASS LANDLORD RENTAL TAX.

``(a) In General.--In the case of a covered landlord, there is 
hereby imposed on the rental of a dwelling unit a tax equal to 1 
percent of the amount of the rent paid for such dwelling unit.
``(b) Covered Landlord.--For purposes of this section, the term 
`covered landlord' means any person that owns--
``(1) more than 1,000 dwelling units held for rent within a 
single metropolitan statistical area,
``(2) more than 2,000 dwelling units held for rent, or
``(3) at least 500 dwelling units held for rent in at least 
3 different States.
``(c) Exceptions.--
``(1) In general.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to any 
dwelling unit subject to a rent control, just cause, or source 
of income discrimination law.
``(2) Rent control law.--For purposes of this subsection--
``(A) In general.--The term `rent control law' 
means any State or local law which restricts the amount 
by which a lessor may increase rental payments for a 
dwelling unit and allows an affirmative defense to 
eviction or private right of enforcement.
``(B) Minimum amount level of rent control.--A law 
shall not be treated as a rent control law with respect 
to any dwelling unit for purposes of this paragraph 
unless the lessor of such dwelling unit may not, when 
the lease with respect to such unit expires, increase 
monthly rent by an amount greater than the percentage 
increase, if any, over the preceding 12 months in the 
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers or 3 
percent of the average monthly amount paid for the same 
unit for each month that the unit was occupied during 
the previous 12-month period, whichever is greater.
``(3) Just cause law.--The term `just cause law' means any 
State or local law which at least restricts a lessor from 
evicting lessee by limiting evictions to instances in which--
``(A) the tenant has--
``(i) failed to pay rent for 2 or more 
consecutive months despite clear and timely 
notice,
``(ii) caused substantial destruction to 
the rental property,
``(iii) caused significant danger to other 
tenants, or
``(iv) significantly and repeatedly 
violated an explicit lease term and failed to 
cure the violation after being given notice 
requesting that the lease term violation be 
cured, or
``(B) the landlord seeks to occupy the unit for use 
as a primary residence, or seeks the availability of 
the unit for occupancy by an immediate relative as a 
primary residence.
``(4) Source of income discrimination law.--
``(A) In general.--The term `source of income 
discrimination law' means a State or local law which 
places restrictions on a lessor from rejecting lessee 
applicants, or to evicting an existing lessee, due to 
the lessee's source of income.
``(B) Source of income.--For purposes of 
subparagraph (A), source of income includes the 
following:
``(i) A housing voucher under section 8 of 
the United States Housing Act of 1937 (42 
U.S.C. 1437f) and any form of Federal, State, 
or local housing assistance provided to a 
family or provided to a housing owner on behalf 
of a family, including rental vouchers, rental 
assistance, and rental subsidies from 
nongovernmental organizations.
``(ii) Any income received during a taxable 
year as Social Security benefits, as defined in 
section 86(d) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986, or as supplemental security income 
benefits under title XVI of the Social Security 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1381 et seq.).
``(iii) Any income received by court order, 
including spousal support and child support.
``(iv) Any payment from a trust, guardian, 
or conservator.
``(v) Any other lawful source of income.
``(d) Aggregation Rules.--All persons treated as a single employer 
under subsection (a) or (b) of section 52, or subsection (m) or (o) of 
section 414, shall be treated as one person for purposes of applying 
subsection (b).''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by this section shall apply 
to sales and exchanges after December 31, 2025.
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