H.R. 6129

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 6129 Introduced in House (IH)]

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119th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 6129

To require the Secretary of Energy to develop a National Electric 
Vehicle Bidirectional Charging Roadmap, and for other purposes.

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IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

November 19, 2025

Ms. Brownley introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce, and in addition to the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure, for a period to be subsequently 
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

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A BILL

To require the Secretary of Energy to develop a National Electric 
Vehicle Bidirectional Charging Roadmap, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ``Bidirectional Electric Vehicle 
Charging Act of 2025''.

SEC. 2. NATIONAL ELECTRIC VEHICLE BIDIRECTIONAL CHARGING ROADMAP.

(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall develop a National 
Electric Vehicle Bidirectional Charging Roadmap that includes--
(1) a timeline and strategy for increasing the development 
and use of bidirectional charging;
(2) a list of strategies and obstacles to increasing the 
development and use of bidirectional charging;
(3) key actions for Congress to consider taking with 
respect to bidirectional charging matters; and
(4) cost estimates for increasing the development and use 
of bidirectional charging, including a cost estimate for such 
an increase if such an increase were to be done at a pace that 
is slow, moderate, or fast.
(b) Publication.--Not later than 12 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives, and 
make available to the public, including on the public website of the 
Department of Energy, the National Electric Vehicle Bidirectional 
Charging Roadmap developed under subsection (a).

SEC. 3. TECHNICAL STANDARDS AND REQUIREMENT FOR BIDIRECTIONAL CHARGING.

(a) Regulations.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Energy shall issue 
regulations--
(1) establishing technical standards for manufacturers of 
electric vehicles to standardize bidirectional charging 
technology; and
(2) requiring that all new electric vehicles manufactured 
beginning in model year 2029 and thereafter be capable of 
bidirectional charging, including electric vehicles that are 
light-duty motor vehicles and school buses, except as exempted 
by the Secretary of Energy, as the Secretary determines 
appropriate.
(b) Civil Penalties.--
(1) In general.--A person that violates a regulation issued 
under this section is liable to the United States Government 
for a civil penalty of not more than $21,000 for each 
violation. A separate violation occurs for each electric 
vehicle or item of electric vehicle equipment and for each 
failure or refusal to allow or perform an act required by this 
section and the regulations thereunder. The maximum penalty 
under this subsection for a related series of violations is 
$105,000,000.
(2) Compromise.--
(A) In general.--The Secretary of Energy may 
compromise the amount of a civil penalty imposed under 
this section.
(B) Relevant factors in determining amount of 
penalty or compromise.--In determining the amount of a 
civil penalty or compromise under this section, the 
Secretary of Energy shall consider the nature, 
circumstances, extent, and gravity of the violation. 
Such determination shall include, as appropriate--
(i) the nature of the defect or 
noncompliance;
(ii) knowledge by the person charged of its 
obligations under this section;
(iii) the number of electric vehicles or 
items of electric vehicle equipment distributed 
with the defect or noncompliance;
(iv) actions taken by the person charged to 
identify, investigate, or mitigate the 
condition;
(v) the appropriateness of such penalty in 
relation to the size of the business of the 
person charged, including the potential for 
undue adverse economic impacts;
(vi) whether the person has been assessed 
civil penalties under this section during the 
most recent 5 years; and
(vii) other appropriate factors.

SEC. 4. DISASTER RECOVERY PLANS.

The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency shall 
issue such regulations as are necessary to require that hazard 
mitigation plans submitted by States or local governments under section 
322 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance 
Act (42 U.S.C. 5165) incorporate bidirectional charging capabilities.

SEC. 5. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act:
(1) Bidirectional charging.--The term ``bidirectional 
charging'' means, with respect to an electric vehicle, that the 
electric vehicle can receive energy from electric vehicle 
supply equipment and provide energy to an external load when it 
is paired with similarly capable electric vehicle supply 
equipment.
(2) Electric vehicle.--The term ``electric vehicle'' means 
a vehicle designed to operate exclusively on electricity stored 
in a rechargeable battery, multiple batteries, or battery pack.
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