H.R. 6782

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 6782 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. R. 6782

To protect clean air and public health by expanding fenceline and 
ambient air monitoring and access to air quality information for 
communities affected by air pollution, to require hazardous air 
pollutant monitoring at the fenceline of facilities whose emissions are 
linked to local health threats, to ensure the Environmental Protection 
Agency promulgates rules that require hazardous air pollutant data 
measurement and electronic submission at fencelines and stacks of 
industrial source categories, to expand and strengthen the national 
ambient air quality monitoring network, to deploy air quality systems 
in communities affected by air pollution, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

December 17, 2025

Mr. Carter of Louisiana (for himself, Mr. Tonko, Ms. Norton, Mr. Ruiz, 
Ms. Barragan, Mr. Krishnamoorthi, Mr. Mullin, Ms. Schakowsky, Mr. 
Landsman, Ms. McClellan, Ms. Jayapal, Ms. Ocasio-Cortez, Ms. Dexter, 
Mrs. Dingell, Mr. Cohen, Mr. Carson, Mr. Casten, and Ms. Castor of 
Florida) introduced the following bill; which was referred to the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce

_______________________________________________________________________

A BILL

To protect clean air and public health by expanding fenceline and 
ambient air monitoring and access to air quality information for 
communities affected by air pollution, to require hazardous air 
pollutant monitoring at the fenceline of facilities whose emissions are 
linked to local health threats, to ensure the Environmental Protection 
Agency promulgates rules that require hazardous air pollutant data 
measurement and electronic submission at fencelines and stacks of 
industrial source categories, to expand and strengthen the national 
ambient air quality monitoring network, to deploy air quality systems 
in communities affected by air pollution, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ``Public Health Air Quality Act of 
2025''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

In this Act:
(1) Accidental release.--The term ``accidental release'' 
has the meaning given the term in section 112(r)(2) of the 
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(2)).
(2) Administrator.--The term ``Administrator'' means the 
Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency.
(3) Air quality system.--The term ``air quality system'' 
means an air quality sensor or set of sensors installed 
together with instruments to measure meteorology and store and 
transmit data.
(4) Area source; hazardous air pollutant; major source; new 
source; stationary source.--Except as otherwise provided, the 
terms ``area source'', ``hazardous air pollutant'', ``major 
source'', ``new source'', and ``stationary source'' have the 
meanings given those terms in section 112(a) of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(a)).
(5) Cumulative impact.--The term ``cumulative impact'' 
means the totality of exposures to combinations of chemical and 
nonchemical stressors, and the effects of those exposures on 
health, well-being, and quality of life outcomes.
(6) Cumulative risk.--The term ``cumulative risk'' means 
the combined risks to health or the environment from multiple 
agents or stressors.
(7) Emissions measurement system.--The term ``emissions 
measurement system'' means a set of monitors, testing 
equipment, tools, and processes employed at a facility to 
measure emissions from direct and fugitive points at a source 
or facility or at the fenceline of the source or facility that 
employs Environmental Protection Agency-approved or promulgated 
test methods for all measured pollutants for which a method is 
available.
(8) Federal equivalent method; federal reference method.--
The terms ``Federal equivalent method'' and ``Federal reference 
method'' have the meanings given those terms in section 53.1 of 
title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or to the same or 
substantially similar terms in successor regulations).
(9) Method 325a.--The term ``Method 325A'' means the most 
current version of the test method 325A published by the 
Environmental Protection Agency.
(10) Method 325b.--The term ``Method 325B'' means the most 
current version of the test method 325B published by the 
Environmental Protection Agency.
(11) METHOD 327.--The term ``Method 327'' means the most 
current version of the test method 327 published by the 
Environmental Protection Agency.
(12) Method to-15a.--The term ``Method TO-15A'' means the 
most current version of the test method TO-15 (including TO-
15A) published by the Environmental Protection Agency.
(13) National air toxics trends network.--The term 
``National Air Toxics Trends Network'' means the long-term 
hazardous air pollutants monitoring data network established by 
the Environmental Protection Agency to assess trends and 
emissions reduction program effectiveness.
(14) National ambient air quality standard.--The term 
``national ambient air quality standard'' means a national 
ambient air quality standard established under section 109 of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409).
(15) NCore.--The term ``NCore'' has the meaning given the 
term in section 58.1 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations 
(as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act).
(16) Office of research and development.--The term ``Office 
of Research and Development'' means the Office of Research and 
Development of the Environmental Protection Agency.
(17) PFAS terms.--The terms ``perfluoroalkyl substance'' 
and ``polyfluoroalkyl substance'' have the meanings given those 
terms in section 7331(2)(B) of the PFAS Act of 2019 (15 U.S.C. 
8931(2)(B)).
(18) Real-time.--The term ``real-time'' means the actual or 
near actual time during which pollutant levels occur at or near 
the property boundary of a facility or in a nearby community.
(19) Source.--The term ``source'' is within the meaning of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.).
(20) Test method.--The term ``test method'' means a method 
described in the most recent document of the Environmental 
Protection Agency entitled ``Compendium of Methods for the 
Determination of Toxic Organic Compounds in Ambient Air''.

SEC. 3. HEALTH EMERGENCY AIR TOXICS MONITORING NETWORK.

(a) Monitoring.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall publish notice 
in the Federal Register of, take public comment for a period of 
not less than 60 days regarding, and take final action to 
design and launch a plan and implement a program to administer 
or conduct, pursuant to authority provided under the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.), including sections 103, 112, 113, 
114, and 303 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7403, 7412, 7413, 7414, 
7603), emissions measurement and quantification, including the 
best available form of fenceline monitoring of stationary 
sources of hazardous air pollutants that are on the list 
developed under subsection (c), including through expansion of 
the National Air Toxics Trends Network or through creating a 
new network, as appropriate.
(2) Monitoring period.--
(A) In general.--The Administrator shall ensure 
monitoring begins pursuant to this section not later 
than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act 
and shall maintain the monitoring required under 
paragraph (1) for a period of not less than 6 years 
after the date on which the monitoring required under 
that paragraph begins.
(B) Subsequent monitoring.--After the 6-year period 
described in subparagraph (A), the Administrator shall 
maintain the emissions measurement and quantification 
program under paragraph (1), consistent with this 
section, through--
(i) maintaining monitors at all or some 
sources under the program under paragraph (1); 
and
(ii) adding or moving monitors under the 
program under paragraph (1) to additional 
sources, following the process for substitution 
of sources in subsection (g).
(C) Shortened period.--If the Administrator 
determines, after public notice and a public comment 
period of not less than 60 days, that 6 years of 
monitoring, as required under subparagraph (A), is not 
necessary to protect public health or ensure compliance 
at the source or the facility involved, the 
Administrator may reduce or end the monitoring after at 
least 3 years of monitoring has occurred.
(D) Additional inspections and testing.--In 
addition to fenceline monitoring under the program 
under paragraph (1), the Administrator shall use the 
authority of the Administrator to inspect and require 
emission testing at sources on the list published 
pursuant to subsection (c) to the extent necessary to 
identify and address the emissions crossing the 
fenceline.
(b) Publication of Results.--
(1) In general.--The Administrator shall publish and 
maintain the plans for and the results of all measurements, 
including fenceline monitoring, conducted under the program 
under subsection (a)(1) on the website of the Environmental 
Protection Agency--
(A) in a highly accessible format;
(B) in a centralized database maintained in 
multiple languages; and
(C) for a period of at least 10 years.
(2) Immediate availability.--The Administrator shall ensure 
that the monitoring data collected under the program under 
subsection (a)(1) are--
(A) electronically submitted to the Administrator 
not later than 1 month after the date of collection of 
the data; and
(B) made publicly available as expeditiously as 
practicable, but in any case not later than 7 days 
after the electronic submission of the data.
(c) List of Sources.--
(1) Development.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 270 days after the 
date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall 
publish, after public notice and a public comment 
period of not less than 60 days, a list of stationary 
sources of hazardous air pollutants that, subject to 
subparagraph (B) do not already have fenceline 
monitoring in operation that is producing publicly 
available data and includes--
(i) at least 45 of the sources listed--
(I) as high-priority facilities in 
Appendix A of the report of the Office 
of Inspector General of the 
Environmental Protection Agency 
numbered 20-N-0128 and dated March 31, 
2020; or
(II) as contributing to high cancer 
risk at the census block level in 
Appendix C of the report of the Office 
of Inspector General of the 
Environmental Protection Agency 
numbered 21-P-0129 and dated May 6, 
2021; and
(ii) at least 55 other major sources or 
area sources that meet the criteria described 
in paragraph (2).
(B) Substitution.--
(i) In general.--If the Administrator 
determines, after public notice and a public 
comment period of not less than 60 days, that a 
source described in subparagraph (A)(i) no 
longer contributes to high health risks or 
impacts that warrant continued monitoring to 
advance public health protection, inform 
improved compliance, or improve available data 
quality, the Administrator shall--
(I) cease to include that source in 
the list under subparagraph (A); and
(II) include instead an additional 
major source or area source described 
in subparagraph (A)(ii) to ensure that 
the list under subparagraph (A) 
includes not fewer than 100 high-
priority sources.
(ii) Description of reasons.--For the 
purpose of providing notice, the Administrator 
shall publish in the Federal Register, and seek 
public comment for a period of not less than 60 
days with respect to--
(I) any determination to make a 
substitution under clause (i); and
(II) an explanation of the reasons 
for any such determination 
demonstrating, based on monitoring data 
or other reliable information, that the 
substitution is likely to ensure that 
monitoring under this section occurs at 
the sources causing or contributing to 
the highest potential health risks or 
other impacts from hazardous air 
pollution.
(iii) Requirement.--The Administrator may 
include an additional major source or area 
source under clause (i)(II) only if the 
Administrator determines that the source is, or 
is likely to be, contributing local health 
risks or impacts that are equivalent to, or 
greater than, those of the source for which the 
new source is being substituted.
(2) Criteria.--The Administrator may include a major source 
or area source described in clause (ii) of paragraph (1)(A) on 
the list described in that paragraph only if the source--
(A) emits at least 1 of the pollutants described in 
paragraph (3);
(B) is--
(i) located in, or within 3 miles of, a 
census tract with--
(I) a cancer risk of at least 100-
in-1,000,000; or
(II) a chronic noncancer hazard 
index that is greater than or equal to 
1; or
(ii) in a source category with--
(I) a cancer risk that is greater 
than 100-in-1,000,000 for the 
individual most exposed to emissions 
from the source category;
(II) a total organ-specific hazard 
index for chronic noncancer risk that 
is greater than or equal to 1; or
(III) an acute risk hazard quotient 
that is greater than or equal to 1; and
(C)(i) is classified in 1 or more of North American 
Industry Classification System codes 322, 324, 325, 
326, 331, 332, 339, 424, and 562;
(ii)(I) is required to prepare and implement a risk 
management plan pursuant to section 112(r) of the Clean 
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(r)); and
(II) has had an accidental release required to be 
reported during the previous 5-year period pursuant to 
sections 68.42 and 68.195 of title 40, Code of Federal 
Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of 
this Act); or
(iii) is determined by the Administrator to be a 
high-priority source or facility for emissions 
measurement because--
(I) the facility is located within 350 feet 
of a residence, school, childcare facility 
(including a camp), hospital, park, sports or 
recreation facility, or other gathering place, 
community center, or institution where children 
and families regularly spend time; or
(II) based on the best available science, 
the emissions of the source or facility are 
likely causing or contributing to, or have the 
potential to cause or contribute to, serious 
acute or chronic, including cancer and non-
cancer, health or safety risks or impacts, 
including adverse neurological, developmental, 
or other health impacts in utero or childhood.
(3) Pollutants.--The pollutants described in this paragraph 
are--
(A) ethylene oxide, CAS 75218;
(B) chloroprene, CAS 126998;
(C) benzene, CAS 71432;
(D) 1,3-butadiene, CAS 106990;
(E) formaldehyde, CAS 50000;
(F) acetaldehyde, CAS 75070;
(G) lead compounds;
(H) arsenic compounds;
(I) antimony compounds;
(J) cadmium compounds;
(K) cobalt compounds;
(L) nickel compounds;
(M) manganese compounds;
(N) vinyl chloride;
(O) ethylene dichloride;
(P) naphthalene;
(Q) ethylbenzene;
(R) methyl mercury;
(S) epichlorohydrin;
(T) xylenes;
(U) acrylonitrile;
(V) any other hazardous air pollutant included in 
the list described in section 112(b) of the Clean Air 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(b)) that the Administrator 
determines, after public notice and a public comment 
period of not less than 60 days, the air emissions of 
which--
(i) are, or may be contributing to, serious 
health risks; or
(ii) warrant emissions quantification and 
measurement due to the public interest in 
evaluating the emissions and effects of the 
pollutant; and
(W) any pollutant or airborne chemical that is a 
precursor to atmospheric photochemical production of 
any other pollutant on the list described in section 
112(b) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(b)).
(4) Use of information and methods.--In carrying out this 
subsection, the Administrator shall--
(A) use--
(i) the evaluations and methods of the 
Environmental Protection Agency for compiling 
and evaluating information about risks from air 
toxics in effect on January 1, 2025, that have 
been peer reviewed by the Science Advisory 
Board, including chemical assessments developed 
by the Integrated Risk Information System of 
the Environmental Protection Agency (commonly 
referred to as ``IRIS''), or the most recent 
Air Toxics Screening Assessment or other 
current evaluation or report by the 
Environmental Protection Agency, acting through 
the Office of Research and Development, 
providing similar information about cancer and 
noncancer risks from hazardous air pollution 
based on measured or modeled emissions, using 
evaluations or methods that--
(I) account for, and therefore 
demonstrate higher risks to, the 
individual or community most exposed to 
the emissions; and
(II) account for adverse 
neurological, developmental, or other 
health impacts in utero, in childhood, 
and in adolescence;
(ii) the Risk-Screening Environmental 
Indicators model of the Administrator in effect 
as of December 31, 2024;
(iii) a prior health risk assessment that 
was performed by the Administrator for the 
applicable source or source category before 
January 1, 2025; or
(iv) a new health risk assessment performed 
by the Administrator for the applicable source 
or source category that--
(I) is more complete and addresses 
more or greater risks than previously 
considered;
(II) follows the best available 
science (including the most recent 
guidance from the National Academy of 
Sciences and the most recent 
assessments under the Integrated Risk 
Information System of the Environmental 
Protection Agency (commonly referred to 
as ``IRIS'') that were created pursuant 
to the document of the Environmental 
Protection Agency entitled ``ORD Staff 
Handbook for Developing IRIS 
Assessments'' and dated December 2022); 
and
(III) considers, with respect to 
the applicable source or facility--
(aa) cumulative risks and 
cumulative impacts;
(bb) increased 
vulnerability that results from 
socioeconomic disparities;
(cc) multiple source 
exposure; and
(dd) exposure in utero, in 
childhood, in adolescence, and 
through the age of 85; and
(B) consider--
(i) the most recent emission tests 
available to the Administrator or received by 
the Environmental Protection Agency in public 
comment; and
(ii) any fenceline or ambient monitoring 
data for which an Environmental Protection 
Agency-approved data quality check has been 
performed.
(d) Methods and Technologies.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (3), in 
carrying out the program under subsection (a)(1), the 
Administrator shall, for each stationary source on the list 
published under subsection (c)(1), employ an emissions 
measurement system to monitor the pollutants described in 
subsection (c)(3) emitted by the stationary source, including 
at least--
(A) the most current Environmental Protection 
Agency-approved or promulgated emission test or 
monitoring method, including Method 325A, Method 325B, 
Method TO-15A, and Method 327, that expands the scope, 
strengthens the detection limit, or otherwise improves 
the effectiveness of the test method; or
(B) for each stationary source described in 
paragraph (2), the best available method for 
continuous, real-time measurement of air pollutant 
concentrations.
(2) Stationary sources described.--A stationary source 
referred to in paragraph (1)(B) is--
(A) not less than each of the 20 stationary sources 
on the list published under subsection (c)(1) that--
(i) emits the greatest quantity or rate of 
pollutants described in subsection (c)(3); or
(ii) causes the greatest health risk to the 
greatest number of people, based on the 
emissions of the pollutants described in 
subsection (c)(3) individually, as a group, or 
cumulatively, based on--
(I)(aa) the latest evaluations and 
methods of the Environmental Protection 
Agency for compiling and evaluating 
information about risks from air 
toxics, or the most recent Air Toxics 
Screening Assessment or other current 
evaluation or report by the 
Environmental Protection Agency 
providing similar information about 
cancer and noncancer risks from 
hazardous air pollution based on 
measured or modeled emissions;
(bb) the Risk-Screening 
Environmental Indicators model of the 
Administrator;
(cc) a prior health risk assessment 
that was performed by the Administrator 
for the applicable source or source 
category; or
(dd) a new health risk assessment 
performed by the Administrator that--
(AA) follows the best 
available science (including 
the most recent guidance from 
the National Academy of 
Sciences); and
(BB) considers, with 
respect to the applicable 
source or facility, cumulative 
risks and impacts, increased 
vulnerability that results from 
socioeconomic disparities, 
multiple source exposure, and 
exposure in utero, in 
childhood, in adolescence, and 
over the course of a lifetime 
through the age of 85; and
(II) the most recent emission tests 
available to the Environmental 
Protection Agency or received in public 
comment, and any fenceline or ambient 
monitoring data for which an 
Environmental Protection Agency-
approved data quality check has been 
performed;
(B) any other stationary source on the list 
published under subsection (c)(1) that--
(i) is regulated under paragraph (7) of 
section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7412(r)); and
(ii) has had an accidental release or 
incident that is required to be reported during 
the previous 5-year period pursuant to sections 
68.42 and 68.195 of title 40, Code of Federal 
Regulations (as in effect on January 1, 2025), 
under that paragraph; and
(C) any other stationary source on the list 
published under subsection (c)(1) for which application 
of the methods described in subparagraph (A) alone may 
not be sufficient--
(i) to monitor and report the pollutants 
described in subsection (c)(3) that are emitted 
by that stationary source; or
(ii) to advance public health and safety.
(3) Updates.--
(A) Approved or promulgated methods.--The 
Administrator shall--
(i) not later than 2 years after the date 
of enactment of this Act, review and, after 
public notice and a public comment period of 
not less than 60 days, update each approved or 
promulgated test method described in this 
section to add as many of the pollutants 
described in subsection (c)(3) as practicable; 
and
(ii) otherwise strengthen the test methods 
described in clause (i) to support effective 
hazardous air pollutant measurement and the 
full implementation of this Act.
(B) New test methods.--
(i) In general.--Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall, after public notice and a 
public comment period of not less than 60 days, 
approve or promulgate, as applicable, any new 
test methods that are necessary to ensure 
effective fenceline monitoring of all 
pollutants and sources described in this 
section, including--
(I) at least 1 method that 
represents the best and most accurate 
form of continuous, real-time fenceline 
monitoring based on the best available 
science; and
(II) at least 1 method that 
represents the best and most accurate 
form of multimetal monitoring based on 
the best available science.
(ii) Updates required.--Not less frequently 
than once every 6 years, the Administrator 
shall review and, if necessary, after public 
notice and a public comment period of not less 
than 60 days, strengthen or add new test 
methods that meet the requirements under clause 
(i), which shall be based on--
(I) the best available monitoring 
technologies that improve the quality 
or quantity of information provided by, 
or improve the precision or other type 
of scientific reliability of, a method; 
and
(II) the advice of staff of the 
Office of Enforcement and Compliance, 
staff of the Office of Research and 
Development, regional or other staff 
within the Environmental Protection 
Agency responsible for, and with 
expertise on, the enforcement of this 
Act, and other monitoring experts.
(4) Office of research and development.--The Administrator 
shall act through the Assistant Administrator for Research and 
Development, and in coordination with the Assistant 
Administrator for Air and Radiation, to carry out this 
subsection.
(e) Monitor Placement and Maintenance.--
(1) In general.--The Administrator shall, after public 
notice and a public comment period of not less than 60 days 
with respect to monitor placement and maintenance plans, place 
and maintain, or ensure placement and regular maintenance of, 
all monitors required under this section to ensure effective 
and reliable emissions measurement pursuant to this section.
(2) Maintenance check.--The maintenance required under 
paragraph (1) shall include a maintenance check of the monitor 
not less frequently than once every 180 days, unless--
(A) the test method used by the monitor requires a 
maintenance check more frequently; or
(B) a maintenance check is requested by a member of 
the public.
(3) Public input.--The Administrator shall, after public 
notice and a public comment period of not less than 60 days, 
create a process, including an accessible online resource or 
website, for the public--
(A) to track the maintenance of monitors under this 
subsection; and
(B) to request a maintenance check of a monitor.
(f) Report.--Not later than 6 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, and not less frequently than once every 6 years thereafter, 
the Administrator shall submit to Congress and post publicly on the 
website of the Environmental Protection Agency a report describing the 
results of the program carried out under subsection (a)(1), which shall 
include--
(1) the results of emissions measurement implemented under 
that program;
(2) any actions of the Administrator taken based on that 
emissions measurement data or program; and
(3) whether the Administrator proposes--
(A) to continue emissions measurements at any or 
all of the stationary sources on the list published 
under subsection (c)(1); or
(B) to implement emissions measurements of any 
additional stationary sources as determined under 
subsection (g).
(g) Determination Regarding Additional Sources.--Not later than 6 
years after the date of enactment of this Act, and not less frequently 
than once every 6 years thereafter, the Administrator shall--
(1) after public notice and a public comment period of not 
less than 60 days, make a determination of whether to add or 
remove sources to the list published under subsection (c)(1)--
(A) to ensure compliance of those stationary 
sources with existing emission standards under section 
112 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412);
(B) to prevent and detect accidental releases;
(C) to protect the health of the communities, 
including children and other vulnerable populations, 
most exposed to the emissions of hazardous air 
pollutants from such stationary sources to the maximum 
extent practicable; or
(D) to ensure the 100 highest-priority sources or 
facilities, based on the best available science and the 
most current data on health risks and impacts 
(including the most current research on children's 
health), have emissions measurement systems in place 
for pollutants required to be monitored under this 
section; and
(2) publish a determination under paragraph (1) in the 
Federal Register.
(h) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to Congress and make publicly 
available online a report that--
(1) describes the staffing that is available, necessary, 
and planned to carry out this section; and
(2) demonstrates how the Administrator intends to carry out 
the duties and requirements of this section without impact or 
delay on any other duty or responsibility of the Administrator.
(i) No Exemption Authority.--No exemption from compliance with any 
standard or limitation under this section may be issued pursuant to 
section 112(i)(4) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(i)(4)) to any 
stationary source.
(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $146,000,000 for the period of 
fiscal years 2026 and 2027.

SEC. 4. COMMUNITY AIR TOXICS MONITORING.

(a) Regulations.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator shall promulgate regulations 
pursuant to authority provided by the Clean Air Act, which may include 
section 103, subsections (d), (f), and (r) of section 112, section 113, 
and section 114 of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7403, 7412, 7413, 7414), for 
each source category described in subsection (b), that--
(1) require all sources in the source category to 
implement, not later than 1 year after the promulgation of the 
regulations, the best available form of emissions measurement, 
including continuous emissions monitoring and fenceline 
monitoring, to ensure compliance with the emission standards 
for hazardous air pollutants;
(2) for facilities in the source category that are required 
to submit risk management plans under section 112(r)(7) of that 
Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(7)), require each facility to 
implement--
(A) continuous, real-time monitoring to provide for 
effective emergency response and provide information to 
prevent future releases; and
(B) emissions measurement, including fenceline 
monitoring, to provide for effective emergency response 
and provide information to prevent future releases;
(3) subject to subsection (e)--
(A) establish a corrective action level at the 
fenceline for at least the top 5 hazardous air 
pollutants that drive the cancer, chronic noncancer, or 
acute risk for the source category; and
(B) require corrective action for the release of 
any quantity of a substance listed pursuant to section 
112(r)(3) of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(r)(3));
(4) if any applicable corrective action level under 
paragraph (3)(A) is exceeded, require--
(A) a root cause analysis and preventive action 
report;
(B) full remedial action, including implementation 
of all control technologies, practices, processes, 
operational improvements, or other measures necessary 
to resolve the exceedance and protect the most exposed 
or most vulnerable individuals potentially affected by 
the exceedance (including children) and to make best 
efforts to prevent the exceedance from recurring, based 
on and applying input from the most affected 
individuals and communities; and
(C) a public report that--
(i) describes--
(I) the results of the root cause 
analysis and preventive action report 
under subparagraph (A); and
(II) the remedial actions taken 
under subparagraph (B); and
(ii) certifies that a violation of the 
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.) has 
occurred; and
(5) treat any requirement imposed by the regulations under 
this section as a requirement under section 112 of the Clean 
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412) that is enforceable under section 113 
of that Act (42 U.S.C. 7413).
(b) Source Categories.--The source categories described in this 
subsection include--
(1) each category or subcategory of major sources or area 
sources that--
(A) contains--
(i) at least 1 of the stationary sources of 
hazardous air pollutants that are on the list 
published under section 3(c);
(ii) major sources or area sources 
identified in the most recent National 
Emissions Inventory of the Environmental 
Protection Agency as emitting a pollutant 
described in section 3(c)(3);
(iii) petroleum, chemical, petrochemical, 
or plastics manufacturing sources, marine 
vessel loading operations, or other sources 
that are classified in 1 or more of North 
American Industry Classification System codes 
322, 324, 325, 326, 331, 332, 339, 424, and 
562; or
(iv) any other major source or area source 
of fugitive hazardous air pollutant emissions 
for which the Environmental Protection Agency 
is subject to a court-ordered or statutory 
deadline, engaged in a reconsideration 
proceeding, or subject to a court remand (or is 
likely within the 2-year period beginning on 
the date of enactment of this Act to become 
subject to such an obligation or action) to 
review and determine whether to revise the 
emissions standards that apply to that source 
category; or
(B) contains any stationary source that--
(i) is regulated under paragraph (7) of 
section 112(r) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7412(r)); and
(ii) has had an accidental release or 
incident that is required to be reported during 
the previous 5-year period under that section 
and the regulations thereunder that were in 
effect as of January 1, 2025; and
(2) any other source category for which the Administrator 
determines that requiring fenceline monitoring is likely to 
benefit public health or welfare, including children's health, 
based on the best available science.
(c) Determination of Best Available Form of Monitoring.--
(1) In general.--The Administrator, in consultation with 
the Office of Air and Radiation, the Office of Enforcement and 
Compliance Assurance, the Office of Environmental Justice and 
External Civil Rights, the Office of Children's Health, and the 
Office of Research and Development, shall, for purposes of the 
regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a)--
(A) determine the best available form of emissions 
measurement, including continuous emissions monitoring 
and fenceline monitoring; and
(B) ensure the methods required under the 
regulations are at least as stringent as the most 
current Environmental Protection Agency-approved or 
promulgated emission test or monitoring method, 
including Method 325A, Method 325B, Method 327, and 
Method TO-15A.
(2) Requirement.--In carrying out paragraph (1)(B), the 
Administrator shall ensure that 1 or more of the methods 
described in or promulgated under section 3 or subsection (d) 
(including multimetal monitoring) is included in the 
regulations promulgated pursuant to subsection (a) if that 
method is the best available method for 1 or more of the 
pollutants for which monitoring is required under this section.
(d) Methods and Technologies.--
(1) In general.--For all stationary sources in the source 
categories described in subsection (b), as the best available 
fenceline monitoring method for those source categories, the 
Administrator may, in the regulations promulgated pursuant to 
subsection (a)--
(A) require application, implementation, or 
employment of optical remote sensing technology to 
provide real-time measurements of air pollutant 
concentrations along an open-path; or
(B) provide an explanation of why application, 
implementation, or employment of 1 or more of the 
technologies described in subparagraph (A) is not 
necessary--
(i) to ensure compliance with the emission 
standards established under the regulations 
promulgated pursuant to subsection (d), (f), or 
(r) of section 112 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7412), as applicable; or
(ii) to protect the public health, to 
prevent accidental releases, or to provide for 
effective emergency response.
(2) Multiple-source or facility complexes.--
(A) Definition of multiple-source or facility 
complex.--In this paragraph, the term ``multiple-source 
or facility complex'' means 1 or more stationary 
sources co-located at the same site.
(B) Multiple-source or facility complex 
monitoring.--In the regulations promulgated pursuant to 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall ensure that the 
best available form of monitoring for a multiple-source 
or facility complex that contains not less than 2 
stationary sources in 1 or more of North American 
Industry Classification System codes 324, 325, and 326, 
or a related chemical or petrochemical sector, is at 
least a combination of--
(i) real-time, open-path monitoring; and
(ii) Method 325A, Method 325B, and Method 
327, as applicable depending on the types of 
emissions to be measured.
(C) Requirement.--In carrying out subparagraph (B), 
the Administrator shall consider whether any other 
multiple-source or facility complexes should be 
required to employ the combined monitoring methods 
described in that subparagraph.
(e) Health Priority Approach.--In promulgating the corrective 
action level for each of the hazardous air pollutants described in 
subsection (a)(3)(A), the Administrator shall--
(1) consider the best available science, including applying 
the most health-protective approach possible and applying a 
precautionary approach to account for uncertainty;
(2) ensure that the owner or operator of the source or 
facility reduces the emissions of the source or facility to 
prevent harm if the measured concentration at the fenceline 
would, or is likely to--
(A) increase harm to public health or safety 
(including through an increased health risk to any 
individual, including a child); or
(B) reach a level that may result in short-term, 
long-term, or chronic human exposure to air pollution 
(including any exposure that begins in utero, infancy, 
childhood, or adolescence) that increases the risk of--
(i) health harms resulting from odors, 
irritation, sensitizing effects, or any 
combination of those harms;
(ii) a chronic condition (including 
neurodevelopmental) or disease (including 
cancer and other illnesses); or
(iii) death; and
(3) take into account the aggregate and cumulative 
emissions and health risks from the facility, including 
multiple source categories, as applicable, to ensure full 
health protection from the entire facility based on the best 
available science.
(f) Maintenance and Public Reporting.--
(1) In general.--In the regulations promulgated pursuant to 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall ensure that--
(A) the owners or operators of sources subject to 
the requirements of this section--
(i) perform regular inspections and 
maintenance of all measured equipment required 
under this section; and
(ii) submit to the Administrator regular 
reports that--
(I) include the measured emissions 
data collected by that emissions 
measurement equipment;
(II) describe the status of that 
measurement equipment; and
(III) contain a detailed 
explanation of the circumstances 
surrounding a delay in collecting or 
missing data;
(B) the emissions measurement system required under 
this section is continuous and yields reliable data not 
less than 95 percent of the time, without any 
regulatory exemption or extension; and
(C) any problem with the fenceline monitoring 
equipment required under this section is repaired 
within 2 days of discovering the problem.
(2) Violation.--In the regulations promulgated pursuant to 
subsection (a), the Administrator shall--
(A) require the owner or operator of a stationary 
source subject to such regulations to report, with 
respect to the source, at least semiannually--
(i) all exceedances of any corrective 
action level; and
(ii) all corrective action planned and 
taken; and
(B) for purposes of imposing penalties, treat each 
day on which a violation of a reporting requirement 
under subparagraph (A) continues as a separate 
violation.
(3) Public reporting.--
(A) In general.--The Administrator shall make 
available on the website of the Environmental 
Protection Agency, in an accessible format that 
includes multiple languages spoken by residents living 
near the source where monitoring was conducted--
(i) all emissions measurement plans, 
reports, and other information collected or 
required under this section;
(ii) all emissions measurement data 
collected by monitoring equipment required 
under this section; and
(iii) an option to sign up for community-
wide or source-specific alerts that alert the 
user if the emissions concentrations measured 
pursuant to clause (i) or (ii), as applicable, 
exceed--
(I) a health reference level of the 
Administrator that has been 
scientifically peer-reviewed;
(II) a health reference level 
approved by the Administrator that has 
been scientifically peer-reviewed;
(III) a health reference level 
approved by any State or Tribal 
government that has been scientifically 
peer-reviewed; or
(IV) the applicable corrective 
action level under subsection 
(a)(3)(A).
(B) Public notice and comment.--The Administrator 
shall provide notice and receive public comment for not 
less than 60 days on the format and accessibility of 
the information required to be made available under 
subparagraph (A).
(C) Publication.--The Administrator shall publicize 
the information required to be made available under 
subparagraph (A) in each community that contains a 
source regulated under this section through not less 
than 2 of the most widely viewed local media formats 
for members of that community that live nearest the 
regulated source.
(g) Office of Research and Development.--The Administrator shall 
ensure that the Assistant Administrator for Air and Radiation 
coordinates with the Assistant Administrator for Research and 
Development, as well as any other appropriate offices of the 
Environmental Protection Agency, to carry out this section.
(h) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall submit to Congress and make publicly 
available online a report that--
(1) describes the staffing that is available, necessary, 
and planned to carry out this section; and
(2) demonstrates how the Administrator intends to carry out 
the duties and requirements of this section without impact or 
delay on any other duty or responsibility of the Administrator.
(i) No Exemption Authority.--No exemption from compliance with any 
standard or limitation under this section may be issued pursuant to 
section 112(i)(4) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7412(i)(4)) to any 
stationary source.
(j) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $50,000,000 for the period of 
fiscal years 2026 and 2027.

SEC. 5. NAAQS MONITORING NETWORK.

(a) Deployment of NCore Multipollutant Monitoring Stations.--
(1) In general.--The Administrator shall require the 
deployment of 80 additional NCore multipollutant monitoring 
stations.
(2) Requirement.--All monitors at the stations required to 
be deployed pursuant to paragraph (1) that measure pollutants 
for which the Administrator has established national ambient 
air quality standards shall--
(A) be Federal reference method or Federal 
equivalent method monitors; and
(B) produce monitoring data that are sufficient for 
determining whether the relevant national ambient air 
quality standard is met at the site.
(b) Deadline.--Not later than 18 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Administrator shall ensure that all NCore 
multipollutant monitoring stations required to be deployed under 
subsection (a)(1) are--
(1) installed and integrated into the air quality 
monitoring system established pursuant to sections 110(a)(2)(B) 
and 319 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7410(a)(2)(B), 7619); 
and
(2) after installation, operated and maintained on a 
continuing basis.
(c) Monitoring Results.--Monitoring results from NCore 
multipollutant stations required to be deployed under subsection (a)(1) 
shall be used for--
(1) assessments of the compliance of areas with national 
ambient air quality standards;
(2) integrated science assessments in reviews of national 
ambient air quality standards established under section 109 of 
the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409);
(3) evaluating disparities of pollution exposures within 
metropolitan areas; and
(4) such other purposes as the Administrator determines 
will promote the protection of public health from air 
pollution.
(d) Locations.--
(1) Vulnerable populations.--
(A) In general.--The Administrator shall ensure 
that not fewer than 40 of the NCore multipollutant 
monitoring stations required to be deployed under 
subsection (a)(1)--
(i) are not limited to metropolitan 
statistical areas with populations of 50,000 or 
greater; and
(ii) meet the requirement described in 
subparagraph (B).
(B) Requirement described.--The requirement 
referred to in subparagraph (A)(ii) is that the NCore 
multipollutant monitoring stations shall be sited in 
census tracts that each meet 1 or more of the following 
criteria, with the specific site selected consistent 
with Appendix D to part 58 of title 40, Code of Federal 
Regulations (as in effect on the date of enactment of 
this Act), except that where the provisions of this Act 
conflict with that appendix, the provisions of this Act 
shall control:
(i) The rates of childhood asthma, adult 
asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 
heart disease, or cancer are not less than 5 
percent higher than the national average for 
that condition in the census tract.
(ii) The percentage of people living below 
the poverty level, that are above age 18 
without a high school diploma, or that are 
unemployed, is higher than the national average 
in the census tract.
(iii) 2 or more major sources (as defined 
in section 501 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7661)) are located within the census tract or 
adjacent census tracts combined.
(iv) There is a higher-than-national-
average population in the census tract of 
vulnerable or sensitive individuals who may be 
at greater risk than the general population of 
adverse health effects from exposure to 1 or 
more air pollutants for which national ambient 
air quality standards have been established 
under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7409).
(2) Siting determinations.--In determining and approving 
sites for NCore multipollutant monitoring stations required to 
be deployed under subsection (a)(1), the Administrator shall--
(A) invite proposals from or on behalf of residents 
of any community for the siting of the stations in that 
community, which may include inviting proposals through 
regional or virtual meetings;
(B) prioritize siting of the stations in census 
tracts or counties based on--
(i) the potential for the levels of 1 or 
more air pollutants to be monitored by the 
stations to reach or exceed the level of the 
applicable national ambient air quality 
standard established under section 109 of the 
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409), including 
evidence of relevant industrial activity or 
nearby exceedances;
(ii) the number of people who live, work, 
attend school, or recreate in the area or areas 
for which monitoring by the stations is 
reasonably anticipated to be representative 
with respect to air quality and the proportion 
of those people who are at higher risk than the 
general population of adverse health effects 
from the air pollutants monitored;
(iii) the lack or inadequacy of existing 
air quality monitors for providing 
representative air quality data for the 
affected area or areas for the pollutants to be 
measured by the station; and
(iv) the current designation of the area in 
which the monitoring station would be located 
as unclassifiable or in attainment for 1 or 
more of the pollutants to be monitored by that 
station; and
(C) prior to making siting determinations--
(i) hold at least 1 public hearing in or 
near each proposed siting location;
(ii) provide public notice of the proposed 
siting locations and the hearings required 
under clause (i)--
(I) in the Federal Register;
(II) by email to persons who have 
requested notice of proposed siting 
determinations;
(III) by news release; and
(IV) by posting on the public 
website of the Environmental Protection 
Agency;
(iii) provide an opportunity for public 
comment for not less than 60 days after the 
date of publication of the notice required 
under clause (ii) in the Federal Register; and
(iv) publish online an explanation and 
record for the siting decisions of the 
Administrator.
(3) Reliance on hybrid methods.--In determining under 
paragraph (2)(B)(i) the potential for an air pollutant to reach 
or exceed the level of the applicable standard, the 
Administrator may rely on hybrid methods that combine 
information from multiple sources, including monitors, sensors, 
modeling, and satellites.
(e) Additional Ambient Monitors.--
(1) In general.--The Administrator shall deploy not fewer 
than 100 additional Federal reference method monitors or 
Federal equivalent method monitors for 1 or more air pollutants 
for which national ambient air quality standards have been 
established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7409) in areas--
(A) that are unmonitored or undermonitored, as 
determined by the Administrator; and
(B) within which the Administrator determines, 
after public notice and comment, that adding those 
monitors is warranted--
(i) to detect whether the area is in 
nonattainment of the applicable national 
ambient air quality standards; and
(ii) to improve the publicly available data 
on air quality for 1 or more of those air 
pollutants (or precursors to those air 
pollutants).
(2) Siting determinations.--In approving sites for new 
Federal reference method monitors or Federal equivalent method 
monitors required under this subsection, the Administrator 
shall prioritize siting of the stations in census tracts or 
counties in accordance with subsection (d)(2)(B).
(3) Relation to previously deployed or planned monitors.--
The Federal reference method monitors required under this 
subsection shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any 
monitors already deployed or planned for deployment by the 
Administrator, any State, any other governmental entity, or any 
other entity prior to the date of enactment of this Act.
(f) Report.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment of 
this Act, the Administrator shall--
(1) in coordination with the States, complete an 
assessment, which includes public input, on the status of all 
ambient air quality monitors that are part of Federal, State, 
or local networks and used for determining compliance with 
national ambient air quality standards, which shall identify--
(A) each monitor that is not operating properly and 
that needs to be repaired or replaced; and
(B) each monitor that is past the end of its 
ordinary useful life; and
(2) submit to Congress and make available on the public 
website of the Environmental Protection Agency a report that 
includes--
(A) a list of all monitors identified under 
paragraph (1); and
(B) a schedule and plan to restore to proper 
operation or replace all monitors included in the list 
under paragraph (1)(A) and to replace all monitors 
included on the list under paragraph (1)(B), with all 
restorations and replacements to be completed not later 
than 40 months after the date of enactment of this Act, 
except that the schedule and plan shall not apply to 
monitors--
(i) that have been discontinued in 
accordance with section 58.14(c) of title 40, 
Code of Federal Regulations (as in effect on 
the date of enactment of this Act); and
(ii)(I) for which such discontinuation is 
not subject to a judicial challenge; or
(II) for which a judicial challenge 
described in subclause (I) has been fully 
resolved by a settlement or order that 
authorizes discontinuation of the monitor.
(g) Designations.--Not later than 2 years after the date on which 
data are received from a monitor sited pursuant to this section that 
demonstrate that an area designated by the Administrator pursuant to 
paragraph (1) of section 107(d) of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7407(d)) as in attainment or unclassifiable for an air pollutant is not 
meeting or is contributing to air quality in a nearby area that does 
not meet 1 or more applicable national ambient air quality standards, 
the Administrator shall redesignate pursuant to paragraph (3) of that 
section that area as in nonattainment for that pollutant unless the 
designation is otherwise precluded under this Act.
(h) Satellite Monitoring.--
(1) Definition of design value.--In this subsection, the 
term ``design value'' means, for each pollutant, the air 
quality statistic the Administrator defines in part 50 
(including appendices) of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations 
(as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), for 
comparison with the relevant national ambient air quality 
standard established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 
U.S.C. 7409), regardless of whether the regulation (including 
appendices) in part 50 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations 
(as in effect on the date of enactment of this Act), uses the 
term ``design value''.
(2) Satellite monitoring data.--
(A) Provision of satellite data.--The Administrator 
shall consult with the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration on methods to 
facilitate the use of data from the satellites of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration or other 
entities for use in calculating design values under any 
national ambient air quality standards for 
PM<INF>10</INF>, PM<INF>2.5</INF>, ozone, and oxides of 
nitrogen for purposes of determining compliance or 
noncompliance with the national ambient air quality 
standards for those pollutants.
(B) Regulations required.--Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator shall, after public notice in the Federal 
Register and a public comment period of not less than 
60 days, promulgate regulations to specify procedures 
(including any modeling techniques) for using data 
described in subparagraph (A) in combination with 
information from multiple sources, including monitors 
and modeling, to calculate the expected number of 
exceedances per year and the design values for 
PM<INF>10</INF>, PM<INF>2.5</INF>, ozone, and oxides of 
nitrogen for purposes of determining compliance or 
noncompliance with the national ambient air quality 
standards for those pollutants.
(3) National academy of sciences report.--
(A) In general.--The Administrator may enter into 
an arrangement with the National Academy of Sciences 
under which the National Academy of Sciences agrees to 
submit a report that describes the actions necessary, 
including new science and satellite assets, to enable 
the contribution of satellite monitoring to the 
calculation of design values and nonattainment 
determinations under any national ambient air quality 
standards for ozone and oxides of sulfur established 
under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7409).
(B) Regulations required.--
(i) In general.--Not later than 18 months 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Administrator, in coordination with the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and 
Space Administration and the Administrator of 
the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration, shall, after public notice in 
the Federal Register and a public comment 
period of not less than 60 days, promulgate 
regulations that provide a plan for the use of 
satellite monitoring data in calculating design 
values for the pollutants described in 
subparagraph (A).
(ii) Requirement.--Not later than January 
1, 2028, the Administrator shall implement the 
plan required by clause (i) and provide for use 
of satellite data in calculating design values 
for the pollutants described in subparagraph 
(A).
(i) Monitoring Plans.--Notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
the Administrator may not approve a State monitoring plan under section 
58.10 of title 40, Code of Federal Regulations (or successor 
regulations), unless--
(1) the State provided, with respect to the State 
monitoring plan--
(A) public notice of the proposal of the plan in a 
highly accessible format in multiple languages, 
including a publicly accessible web page address where 
members of the public can at any time view the entire 
proposed plan and supporting materials;
(B) not less than 45 days for public comment; and
(C) an opportunity for public hearing; and
(2) the Administrator--
(A) proposes in the Federal Register to approve or 
disapprove of the State monitoring plan;
(B) provides not less than 45 days for public 
comment on the proposal described in subparagraph (A); 
and
(C) after consideration of any comments received 
pursuant to subparagraph (B), publishes in the Federal 
Register the final action on the proposal described in 
subparagraph (A).
(j) Funding.--
(1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
to be appropriated to carry out this section $75,000,000 for 
fiscal year 2026.
(2) Uses.--The Administrator--
(A) may use the amounts made available to carry out 
this section--
(i) to directly deploy new or replacement 
NCore multipollutant monitoring stations 
required to be deployed under subsection 
(a)(1); or
(ii) to make grants under section 103 or 
105 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7403, 7405) 
to State and local governments for deployment 
and operation of the NCore multipollutant 
monitoring stations required to be deployed 
under subsection (a)(1); and
(B) shall use not less than 5 percent, but not more 
than 10 percent, of the amounts made available to carry 
out this section to perform the maintenance and repairs 
necessary to restore to operation NCore multipollutant 
monitoring stations that are--
(i) as of the date of enactment of this 
Act, nonoperational; and
(ii) located in areas that are designated 
as in nonattainment of national ambient air 
quality standards established under section 109 
of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409) for ozone 
or particulate matter.

SEC. 6. COMMUNITY AIR QUALITY SYSTEM MONITORING.

(a) Deployment of Air Quality Systems.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Administrator--
(A) shall deploy, in accordance with the 
prioritization criteria described in section 5(d)(2), 
not fewer than 1,000 air quality systems, each of which 
shall cost not more than $5,000;
(B) shall deploy those air quality systems in 
clusters of not fewer than 5 in each of the census 
tracts or counties selected;
(C) before determining and approving sites for 
those air quality systems, shall invite, through public 
notice and other means designed to reach communities 
disproportionately impacted by air pollution, proposals 
from or on behalf of residents of any community for the 
sites;
(D) may contract with nonprofit organizations 
(including academic institutions) and State and local 
air pollution control agencies to conduct air quality 
system monitoring and report the results; and
(E) shall make data from air quality systems 
installed pursuant to this section public on an easily 
accessible data platform.
(2) Requirement.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
Administrator shall select systems for deployment that--
(A) are available on the market at the time of 
purchase;
(B) the Administrator determines will provide data 
of sufficient accuracy to provide a reasonable basis 
for determining whether the location in which the air 
quality system is sited is or may be at risk of 
exceeding 1 or more national ambient air quality 
standards established under section 109 of the Clean 
Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409); and
(C) are the lowest cost available that meet the 
standards described in subparagraph (B).
(3) Exception to cost limitation.--Notwithstanding 
paragraph (1), if the Administrator determines in writing that 
a system to measure a particular pollutant is not available on 
the market at a price at or below $5,000 each, the 
Administrator may spend an amount above $5,000 to acquire that 
system so long as the Administrator complies with subparagraphs 
(B) and (C) of paragraph (2).
(b) Pollutants.--
(1) In general.--
(A) List.--Not fewer than 500 air quality systems 
deployed pursuant to subsection (a) shall measure 1 or 
more of the following pollutants:
(i) Ozone.
(ii) PM<INF>2.5</INF>.
(iii) Oxides of nitrogen.
(iv) Sulfur dioxide.
(B) Required sensors.--All air quality systems 
deployed pursuant to subsection (a) may include sensors 
to measure wind speed, wind direction, relative 
humidity, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide, and other 
inputs that aid with source identification.
(2) Determination.--The Administrator shall determine which 
air pollutant or air pollutants an air quality system deployed 
pursuant to subsection (a) shall monitor based on the pollution 
sources affecting the area in which the air quality system is 
to be deployed.
(c) Determination and Installation.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 18 months after the date on 
which an air quality system deployed pursuant to subsection (a) 
has been monitoring air quality data for 1 year, the 
Administrator shall determine whether the air quality systems 
deployed in the applicable census tract or county reported air 
pollution levels over the 1-year period ending on the date of 
the determination that reached or exceeded 98 percent of the 
level of any applicable national ambient air quality standard 
established under section 109 of the Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 
7409) for any air pollutant.
(2) Requirement.--If the Administrator makes a 
determination under paragraph (1) that an air pollutant 
described in subsection (b)(1) met or exceeded the threshold 
described in that paragraph, the Administrator shall, not later 
180 days after the date of the determination, ensure that 
Federal reference method monitors or Federal equivalent method 
monitors are installed and in operation within that census 
tract or county for each pollutant that met or exceeded the 
threshold.
(3) Exceptions.--The Administrator shall waive the 
requirement of paragraph (2) if the Administrator finds, within 
the 180-day period described in that paragraph, and after 
providing notice and an opportunity for public comment, that 
based on clear and convincing evidence--
(A) the measurements from the systems supporting 
the determination described in paragraph (2) were so 
inaccurate as to provide no reasonable basis for 
finding that levels of the relevant pollutant reached 
98 percent of the level of the national ambient air 
quality standard established under section 109 of the 
Clean Air Act (42 U.S.C. 7409) for the relevant 
pollutant; or
(B) complementary data, such as information on the 
ambient matric, meteorology, measurements from other 
nearby systems or ambient monitors, modeling, satellite 
data, or other relevant and reliable information, 
demonstrate that levels of the relevant pollutant could 
not have plausibly reached 98 percent of the level of 
that standard.
(d) Report.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment of 
this Act, and after public notice and a public comment period of not 
less than 60 days, the Administrator shall make publicly available 
online a report describing additional areas in which data from low-cost 
air quality systems may be relevant or useful for decisionmaking or for 
the purpose of increasing public access to information.
(e) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $6,000,000 for fiscal year 2026.

SEC. 7. HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANT MONITORING.

(a) In General.--Not later than 2 years after the date of enactment 
of this Act, for the purposes of improving the quality of the national 
emissions inventory and advancing public access to information, the 
Administrator shall, after public notice and a public comment period of 
not less than 60 days, amend subpart A of part 51 of title 40, Code of 
Federal Regulations, to update and expand the requirements under that 
subpart to require all major and non-major sources to report additional 
emissions data, including emissions of hazardous air pollutants, 
perfluoroalkyl substances, and polyfluoroalkyl substances.
(b) Minimum Requirements.--The amendment required under subsection 
(a) shall, at a minimum--
(1) contain all amendments described in the proposed rule 
of the Environmental Protection Agency entitled ``Revisions to 
the Air Emissions Reporting Requirements'' (88 Fed. Reg. 54118 
(August 9, 2023));
(2) ensure reporting of emissions during periods of 
malfunction of the source; and
(3) consistent with the proposal to require reporting of 
emissions of perfluoroalkyl substances and polyfluoroalkyl 
substances in the rule described in paragraph (1), require, in 
the reporting cycle immediately following the date on which a 
pollutant is listed as a hazardous air pollutant, the reporting 
of emissions of that pollutant.
(c) Effective Date.--The amendment required under subsection (a) 
shall take effect for the first inventory year that begins after that 
amendment is finalized.

SEC. 8. DATA REQUIREMENT.

To the extent practicable, the Administrator shall--
(1)(A) restore for public access the EJSCREEN mapping tool 
of the Environmental Protection Agency; or
(B) create a relevant, nationwide geospatial mapping and 
screening tool similar to and providing, at minimum, all of the 
data previously included in the EJSCREEN mapping tool that the 
Administrator, acting through the Assistant Administrator for 
Research and Development, shall make available online for 
public comment not later than 270 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act; and
(2) integrate into the applicable tool restored or created 
under paragraph (1) the data collected through the programs 
established under this Act.

SEC. 9. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

Nothing in this Act amends any other statute or revises or alters 
any duty or authority of the Administrator under any other applicable 
law.
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