H.R. 8462

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8462 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 8462

To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other 
purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

April 23, 2026

Mr. Weber of Texas (for himself, Mr. Babin, and Mr. Obernolte) 
introduced the following bill; which was referred to the Committee on 
Science, Space, and Technology

_______________________________________________________________________

A BILL

To reauthorize the National Quantum Initiative Act, and for other 
purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ``National Quantum Initiative 
Reauthorization Act''.

SEC. 2. DEFINITIONS.

Section 2 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8801) 
is amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), (5), (6), (7), 
the first paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the 
``Subcommittee on Economic and Security Implications''), and 
the second paragraph (8) (relating to the definition of the 
``Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science'') as paragraphs 
(4), (8), (10), (13), (14), (16), and (17), respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following new 
paragraph:
``(3) Confucius institute.--The term `Confucius Institute' 
has the meaning given such term in section 10339A of the 
Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act 
(division B of Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19039).'';
(3) by inserting after paragraph (4), as so redesignated, 
the following new paragraphs:
``(5) Federal laboratory.--The term `Federal laboratory' 
has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).
``(6) Foreign country of concern.--The term `foreign 
country of concern' has the meaning given such term in section 
10638 of the Research and Development, Competition, and 
Innovation Act (division B of Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 
19237).
``(7) Foreign entity of concern.--The term `foreign entity 
of concern' has the meaning given such term in section 10638 of 
the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act 
(division B of Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19237).'';
(4) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by striking 
``section 1001(a)'' and inserting ``section 1001'';
(5) by inserting after paragraph (8), as so redesignated, 
the following new paragraph:
``(9) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory' 
has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).'';
(6) by inserting after paragraph (10), as so redesignated, 
the following new paragraphs:
``(11) Quantum applications.--The term `quantum 
applications' means applications that use quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology, including quantum 
algorithms and software, quantum computing and quantum-
classical hybrids, quantum sensing, quantum networking, quantum 
encryption, or quantum communications applications.
``(12) Quantum computing.--The term `quantum computing' 
means any of a variety of quantum computing technologies, 
including quantum annealing and quantum gate-model systems that 
utilize a variety of qubit architectures, such as 
superconducting, ion traps, photonics, neutral atoms, atomic 
spin, electron spin, or topological qubits.'';
(7) by amending paragraph (13), as so redesignated, to read 
as follows:
``(13) Quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology.--The term `quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology' means the understanding, 
translation, use, or application of the laws of quantum physics 
for the storage, transmission, manipulation, computing, 
simulation, or measurement of information.''; and
(8) by inserting after paragraph (14), as so redesignated, 
the following new paragraph:
``(15) STEM.--The term `STEM' means the academic and 
professional disciplines of science, technology, engineering, 
and mathematics, including computer science.''.

SEC. 3. PURPOSES.

Section 3 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8802) 
is amended--
(1) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by striking 
``science and its technology applications'' and inserting 
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(2) in paragraph (1)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by 
striking ``science and technology'' and inserting 
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(B) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
follows:
``(A) to expand the number of researchers, 
educators, and students with training in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology to 
develop domestic workforce pathways and retain 
international talent to the extent consistent with 
national security and international competitiveness;'';
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking ``science at 
the'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology at the primary, secondary,'';
(D) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``basic'';
(E) in subparagraph (D)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology'' 
and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraphs:
``(F) to support development of quantum 
applications, including quantum-hybrid applications, to 
promote innovation and commercialization; and
``(G) to support other emerging technologies that 
could benefit from or benefit the development of 
quantum technology and promote research, development, 
demonstration, and application of such technologies in 
quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology.'';
(3) in paragraph (2), by striking ``science and 
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology'';
(4) in paragraph (3), by striking ``science and 
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology'';
(5) in paragraph (4)--
(A) by inserting ``National Laboratories,'' after 
``Federal laboratories,''; and
(B) by striking ``and'' after the semicolon;
(6) in paragraph (5)--
(A) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``partnerships, research 
collaborations, and'' after ``international''; 
and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology 
security'' and inserting ``science, 
engineering, and technology'';
(B) in subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``, social benefit,'' 
after ``innovation''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(C) in subparagraph (B), by striking the period and 
inserting ``; and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph:
``(C) to facilitate cooperative investment in 
quantum capabilities between the United States and its 
allies and partners to strengthen and secure the 
domestic supply chain and related ecosystem; and''; and
(7) by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
``(6) improving the maturity, scale, and short- and long-
term viability of the quantum technology industry, including 
small and medium-sized businesses and startups representing a 
diversity of quantum specialties, and commercialization of 
domestic quantum capacity across modalities.''.

SEC. 4. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE PROGRAM.

Subsection (b) of section 101 of the National Quantum Initiative 
Act (15 U.S.C. 8811) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking ``development'' and inserting 
``research development, and near- and medium-term, and 
long-term demonstration'';
(B) by striking ``information science and 
technology''; and
(C) by inserting ``in diverse sectors'' after 
``applications'';
(2) in paragraph (2)--
(A) by striking ``fundamental'';
(B) by striking ``science and technology'' and 
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(C) by inserting ``infrastructure,'' after 
``demonstration,'';
(3) in paragraph (3)--
(A) by striking ``science and technology'' and 
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(B) by striking ``pipeline'' and inserting 
``pathway'';
(4) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) provide for interagency planning and coordination of 
Federal quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology research, development, demonstration, standards 
engagement, and other activities under the Program, including 
activities authorized pursuant to section 234 of the John S. 
McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 
(10 U.S.C. 4001 note), quantum educational activities and 
programs authorized pursuant to section 10661 of the Research 
and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
19261), and activities conducted at any Federal laboratory;''; 
and
(5) in paragraph (5)--
(A) by striking ``industry and universities'' and 
inserting ``industry, universities, nonprofit research 
organizations, and strategic allies''; and
(B) by inserting ``, including human resources'' 
after ``resources''.

SEC. 5. NATIONAL QUANTUM COORDINATION OFFICE.

Section 102 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8812) 
is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (A) of subsection (a)(2), by inserting 
``, and who shall serve a four year term, subject to renewal'' 
before the semicolon; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology'' 
and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology research and workforce''; and
(ii) by inserting ``, nonprofit research 
organizations,'' after ``universities'';
(B) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) ensure coordination among the collaborative ventures 
or consortia established under this Act;'';
(C) in paragraph (6), by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ``nonprofit research 
organizations,'' after ``universities,''; and
(ii) by striking the period at the end and 
inserting a semicolon; and
(E) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs:
``(8) promote understanding and adoption of quantum 
capabilities throughout the United States economy, as 
appropriate; and
``(9) track and promote policies that will ensure stability 
of the United States quantum workforce, quantum supply chain, 
domestic quantum industry, and international trade.''.

SEC. 6. SUBCOMMITTEE ON QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

Section 103 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8813) 
is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph 
(14); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (8) the following 
new paragraphs:
``(9) the Department of Health and Human Services;
``(10) the Department of State;
``(11) the Department of Homeland Security;
``(12) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration;
``(13) the Department of Education; and'';
(2) in subsection (d)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``the quantum 
information science and technology research'' and 
inserting ``quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology research and quantum application 
development, demonstration, and commercialization'';
(B) in paragraph (4), by inserting ``, engineering, 
and technology'' after ``science'';
(C) in paragraph (5),
(i) by inserting ``, engineering, and 
technology'' after ``science''; and
(ii) by inserting ``, and conduct 
comparative benchmarking of Federal investments 
and research strategies relative to the 
investments and research strategies of the 
United States' strategic partners and other 
countries'' after ``development efforts'';
(D) in paragraph (6)--
(i) by striking ``science and technology'' 
and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(E) in paragraph (7)--
(i) by inserting ``, engineering and 
technology'' after ``science''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting 
``; and''; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
``(8) facilitate interagency partnership opportunities to 
advance quantum applications related to the environment, 
advanced manufacturing, biotechnology, space, and other 
sectors.'';
(3) in subsection (h)(2)(A), by inserting ``, including a 
description of agency roles and responsibilities'' before the 
period; and
(4) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(i) Quantum Use Cases.--
``(1) In general.--The Subcommittee shall identify 
potential use cases with respect to which quantum computing 
could advance the missions of participating agencies, including 
through on-premises, cloud-based, hybrid, or networked 
approaches.
``(2) Quantum on-ramp.--For each potential use case 
identified pursuant to paragraph (1), the relevant Federal 
agency, in consultation with the Subcommittee, may develop a 
plan to enable such agency to address each such potential use 
case.
``(3) Reporting.--The Subcommittee, as part of the annual 
report on the budget for the Program under subsection (g), 
shall report progress in carrying out the activities under this 
section, including information relating to the following:
``(A) The potential use cases identified pursuant 
to paragraph (1).
``(B) The status of plans developed pursuant to 
paragraph (2).
``(C) Any obstacles to implementing such--
``(i) potential use cases; or
``(ii) plans.''.

SEC. 7. NATIONAL QUANTUM INITIATIVE ADVISORY COMMITTEE.

Section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8814) 
is amended--
(1) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows:
``(b) Qualifications.--The Advisory Committee shall consist of 
members, appointed by the President, who are--
``(1) representative of industry, including end users 
likely to benefit from quantum technology and small and medium-
sized businesses and startups representing a diversity of 
quantum specialties, universities, nonprofit research 
organizations, and Federal laboratories; and
``(2) qualified to provide advice and information on 
quantum information science, engineering, and technology 
research, development, demonstrations, standards, STEM 
education, technology transfer, commercial application, or 
national security and economic concerns.'';
(2) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``science and 
technology'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology'';
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (D), (E), (F), 
and (G) as subparagraphs (E), (F), (G), and (H), 
respectively;
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
following new subparagraph:
``(D) other countries' quantum programs and the 
progress of such countries and such programs relative 
to the Program;'';
(D) in subparagraph (E), as so redesignated--
(i) by striking ``to'' and inserting 
``promote innovation, foster a robust United 
States quantum industry, and''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology''; and
(E) in subparagraph (F), as so redesignated, by 
inserting ``, including to address any gaps that may 
exist'' before the semicolon;
(F) in subparagraph (G), as so redesignated, by 
striking ``open standards for, quantum information 
science and technology; and'' and inserting 
``international standards in open and transparent 
standardization systems for quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology;'';
(G) in subparagraph (H), as so redesignated--
(i) by inserting ``educational, 
environmental, health,'' after ``legal,''; and
(ii) by striking the period and inserting a 
semicolon; and
(H) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraphs:
``(I) the domestic and international cooperation 
needs and goals of the Program, including needs and 
goals related to infrastructure and the supply chain of 
quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology; and
``(J) the degree to which quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology is enhancing or 
can enhance the capabilities of the United States 
advanced industrial economy and protect or optimize 
critical infrastructure (as such term is defined in 
section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42 U.S.C. 
5195c(e))).'';
(3) in subsection (e), by inserting ``through December 31, 
2030'' after ``thereafter''; and
(4) by amending subsection (g) to read as follows:
``(g) FACA Exemption.--The President shall charter the Advisory 
Committee in accordance with chapter 10 of title 5, United States Code 
(commonly referred to as the `Federal Advisory Committee Act'), except 
that the Advisory Committee shall be exempt from section 1013 of such 
title.''.

SEC. 8. SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE ECONOMIC AND SECURITY IMPLICATIONS OF 
QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE.

Section 105 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 
8814a) is amended--
(1) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (10), by striking ``and'' after 
the semicolon;
(B) by redesignating paragraph (11) as paragraph 
(14); and
(C) by inserting after paragraph (10) the following 
new paragraphs:
``(11) the Department of Health and Human Services;
``(12) the Department of State;
``(13) the National Aeronautics and Space Administration; 
and'';
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``Office and Management and 
Budget'' and inserting ``Office of Management 
and Budget''; and
(ii) by striking ``information science'' 
and inserting ``information science, 
engineering, and technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``or to supply 
chains'' before the semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (3), by inserting ``or supply 
chains'' before the semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (5), by inserting ``and 
engineering'' after ``quantum information science'';
(E) in paragraph (6), by striking ``information 
science'' and inserting ``information science, 
engineering, and technology'';
(F) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(G) in paragraph (8), by striking the period and 
inserting a semicolon; and
(H) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs:
``(9) in coordination with the Subcommittee on Quantum 
Information Science, identify opportunities to increase 
coordination between civilian, military, and intelligence 
quantum research entities, reduce unnecessary duplicative 
quantum research activities, and facilitate collaboration 
between quantum research agencies with specialized capabilities 
or expertise in one or more aspects of quantum information 
science, engineering, or technology; and
``(10) recommend strategies for attracting and retaining 
students and scholars with expertise in quantum-related fields 
to Federal departments and agencies.''.

SEC. 9. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by inserting after 
section 105 the following new section:

``SEC. 105A. INTERNATIONAL QUANTUM COOPERATION STRATEGY.

``(a) Strategy Required.--Not later than one year after the date of 
the enactment of this section, the Director of the Office of Science 
and Technology Policy, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, 
the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of the 
National Science Foundation, the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration, and the heads of other Federal 
agencies, as appropriate, shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural 
Resources, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, and 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the Committee on 
Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives a strategy to carry out 
the following:
``(1) Establish collaborative international partnerships, 
including co-funded international programs, to advance research 
and development, testing and evaluation, commercialization, and 
interoperability in quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology with allies and partners of the United States, 
and other countries, when in the security, strategic, 
technological, and scientific interests of the United States.
``(2) Ensure continued United States participation in 
bilateral and multilateral efforts to advance quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology on the 
international stage.
``(3) Promote the integrity and impartiality of 
international standards organizations and processes related to 
quantum information science, engineering, and technology.
``(4) Ensure ethical application of quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology to protect civil liberties 
and basic human rights.
``(b) Designation.--The strategy under subsection shall be known as 
the `International Quantum Cooperation Strategy' (in this section 
referred to as the `Strategy').
``(c) Elements.--In the development of the Strategy, the Director 
of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, the National Quantum 
Coordination Office, the Subcommittee on Quantum Information Science, 
the Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications, and other 
appropriate Federal agencies should consider the following:
``(1) The establishment of international partnerships to 
advance research and development in quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Key partners that are allies of the United States and 
have demonstrated unique capabilities in one or more areas of 
quantum information science, engineering, or technology.
``(3) Efforts and plans to address risks to the national 
security or economic interests of the United States during 
development or deployment of quantum technologies worldwide, 
including plans for diplomatic engagement with allies and 
partners, and other countries.
``(4) Efforts and plans to promote responsible global 
development and deployment of quantum technologies, including 
through international engagement and leadership in the 
development of international standards.
``(5) Efforts and plans to develop, attract, and retain 
international talent.
``(6) The ability and risks of domestic manufacturers and 
suppliers and those of allies and partners of the United States 
to satisfy the needs of the global quantum supply chain, 
including raw materials such as Helium-3, plans for engagement 
with allies and partners, manufacturers, and suppliers, and 
options to mitigate gaps and vulnerabilities in the global 
quantum supply chain.
``(7) A plan to safeguard research and technology supported 
through international cooperation, as appropriate, in whole or 
in part, including in quantum technologies critical to national 
security, from malign influence, theft, or exfiltration by 
foreign entities of concern.
``(8) As necessary, a description of such legislative or 
administrative action needed to carry out the Strategy.
``(d) Briefing.--Not later than 30 days after the date on which the 
Strategy is completed, the Director shall brief the committees 
specified in subsection (a) on the Strategy.''.

SEC. 10. SUNSET.

Subsection (a) of section 106 of the National Quantum Initiative 
Act (15 U.S.C. 8815) is amended by striking ``the date that is 11 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act'' and inserting ``December 30, 
2032''.

SEC. 11. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES AND 
QUANTUM CONSORTIUM.

Section 201 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8831) 
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``basic and applied''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by inserting ``attract, educate, and'' 
before ``train''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology'';
(C) by amending paragraph (3) to read as follows:
``(3) shall carry out research to facilitate the 
development and standardization of quantum cryptography, post-
quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 3 of 
the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 
1526 note; Public Law 117-260)), and practices to replace 
cryptographic keys or algorithms with minimal disruption to 
current applications and systems;''.
(D) by amending paragraph (4) to read as follows:
``(4) shall carry out research, development, and 
demonstration projects, as appropriate, to facilitate the 
development and standardization of quantum networking, 
communications, computing, metrology, sensing technologies and 
quantum applications, including supply chain enabling 
technologies and other supporting technologies;''.
(E) by redesignating paragraphs (5), (6), and (7) 
as paragraphs (8), (9), and (11), respectively;
(F) by inserting after paragraph (4) the following 
new paragraphs:
``(5) shall carry out, in coordination with the Director of 
the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, research to 
support the measurement of comparative performance and progress 
of quantum technologies, including, as practicable, technology 
readiness assessments of quantum technologies;
``(6) shall promote United States participation in 
international standards organizations related to quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology;
``(7) shall establish or expand partnerships with the 
public sector and private sector to--
``(A) accelerate the development of domestic 
quantum supply chain and supply chain-supporting 
technologies; and
``(B) reduce quantum supply chain 
vulnerabilities;'';
(G) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by 
striking ``infrastructure'' and inserting ``, 
communications, sensing, and computing'';
(H) in paragraph (9), as so redesignated--
(i) by inserting ``nonprofit research 
organizations,'' after ``universities,''; and
(ii) by striking ``and engineering; and'' 
and inserting ``, engineering, and technology, 
and expanding the domestic STEM workforce;''; 
and
(I) by inserting after paragraph (9) the following 
new paragraph:
``(10) shall establish such infrastructure as is necessary 
to carry out title II; and'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``future'' and inserting 
``research''; and
(ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by amending subparagraph (A) to read as 
follows:
``(A) to gather and assess information on the 
quantum industry to address the needs identified in 
paragraph (1);'';
(ii) by striking subparagraphs (B) and (C) 
and inserting the following new subparagraphs:
``(B) to provide recommendations regarding how the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 
Program, and other Federal agencies, as appropriate, 
can address the gaps in the research necessary to 
satisfy the needs identified in paragraph (1) and 
accelerate real-world uses of quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology;
``(C) to identify enabling technologies and the 
relevant supply chain essential to foster research and 
industrial competitiveness in quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology, and communicate 
findings to Federal agencies and other domestic and 
international stakeholders; and
``(D) to assess and identify key areas for 
establishing, expanding, or developing international 
partnerships that will facilitate United States 
quantum-related business engagement.'';
(C) in paragraph (3)--
(i) by striking ``Not later than 2 years 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the'' 
and inserting ``The''; and
(ii) by inserting ``periodically, but not 
less frequently than once every five years,'' 
after ``shall''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
``(4) Coordination.--As appropriate, Federal agencies 
specified in section 103(b) that--
``(A) are involved in the transition or translation 
of practical quantum applications, or
``(B) have a mission that could benefit from the 
development of quantum technologies,
may engage with the consortium to inform and accelerate 
progress in such applications or technologies, as the case may 
be.''; and
(3) by striking subsection (c) and inserting the following 
new subsections:
``(c) International Quantum Research and Metrology.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, in coordination with the Secretary 
of State and the Director of the National Science Foundation, 
shall support international quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology research, metrology research, and 
standardization, as appropriate, to enhance international 
cooperation, satisfy United States commitments, and support 
United States engagement in international standards for quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this section, the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
shall ensure alignment with the National Quantum Information 
Science Strategy and the U.S. Government National Standards 
Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology, or successor 
strategies.
``(3) Restrictions.--
``(A) Confucius institutes.--None of the funds made 
available under this section may be obligated or 
expended to an institution of higher education that 
maintains a contract or agreement between such 
institution and a Confucius Institute or any successor 
of a Confucius Institute.
``(B) Foreign countries of concern or entities of 
concern.--None of the funds made available under this 
section may be obligated or expended to promote, 
establish, or finance quantum research activities 
between a United States entity and a foreign country of 
concern or foreign entity of concern, except such 
restriction shall not apply to participation by 
awardees in consensus-based international 
standardization activities.
``(d) Post Quantum Cryptography Deployment.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, in consultation with the Secretary 
of Homeland Security, the heads of Sector Risk Management 
Agencies (as such term is defined in section 2200 of the 
Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650)), and private 
sector entities, as appropriate, shall promote the voluntary 
development, adoption, and deployment of standards relating to 
post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 3 
of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 
U.S.C. 1526 note; Public Law 117-260)), including by carrying 
out the following:
``(A) Disseminating and making publicly available 
guidance and resources to help organizations adopt and 
deploy standards relating to post-quantum cryptography 
and minimize disruptions to current applications and 
systems caused by cryptographic updates.
``(B) Providing technical assistance, as 
practicable, to entities that are at high risk of 
quantum cryptoanalytic attacks, such as entities 
determined to be critical infrastructure (as such term 
is defined in section 1016(e) of Public Law 107-56 (42 
U.S.C. 5195c(e))) or digital infrastructure providers.
``(C) Conducting such other activities as 
determined necessary by the Director to promote the 
development, adoption, and deployment across the United 
States of standards relating to post-quantum 
cryptography.
``(2) Grant program.--
``(A) In general.--Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology may establish a program to 
identify and provide technical assistance through the 
award of grants to entities that are at high risk of 
quantum cryptoanalytic attacks, including by awarding 
grants for the adoption of such standards and the 
remediation of quantum-related vulnerabilities.
``(B) Use of funds.--Grants awarded to entities 
under this paragraph may be used to cover reasonable 
costs, up to a specified amount established by the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology, for activities to adopt standards relating 
to post-quantum cryptography and remediate quantum-
related vulnerabilities.
``(C) Guidance.--The Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology may develop, and 
periodically update, guidance, including relating to 
eligibility, application disclosure requirements, grant 
amount and duration, and any additional requirements 
regarding the award of grants under this paragraph.
``(D) Consultation.--If the grant program described 
in this paragraph is established, the Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology shall 
consult with the Director of the Cybersecurity and 
Infrastructure Security Agency of the Department of 
Homeland Security, the heads of other Sector Risk 
Management Agencies, and appropriate representatives of 
private sector entities, including nonprofit 
organizations, to share information regarding such 
grant program and guidance developed and updated under 
subparagraph (C).''.

SEC. 12. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM 
ACCELERATION CENTERS.

Title II of the National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by 
adding at the end the following new sections:

``SEC. 202. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY QUANTUM 
ACCELERATION CENTERS.

``(a) Establishment.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, in consultation with the heads of 
other Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall 
carry out a program to establish at least one, but not more 
than three, centers to accelerate research, development, 
deployment, and standardization of quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology.
``(2) Program details.--
``(A) Competitive, merit-reviewed process.--The 
centers described in paragraph (1) shall be established 
through a competitive, merit-reviewed process.
``(B) Applications.--An eligible applicant 
described in subparagraph (C) shall submit to the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology an application at such time, in such manner, 
and containing such information as the Director 
determines to be appropriate.
``(C) Eligible applicants.--Eligible applicants 
described in this subparagraph are the following:
``(i) Institutions of higher education.
``(ii) Nonprofit organizations.
``(iii) Multi-institutions collaborations, 
including multiple types of research 
institutions, private sector entities, Federal 
laboratories, and nonprofit organizations, or a 
consortia thereof.
``(iv) Any other entity the Director 
determines appropriate.
``(3) Selection of topics.--The Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology shall solicit proposals 
and prioritize the following topics in the initial selection of 
centers, subject to merit-review:
``(A) Quantum sensing and measurement technologies.
``(B) Advancing the manufacturing and scale-up of 
quantum systems and quantum enabling technologies.
``(C) Address technology barriers to quantum 
networking and communications.
``(D) Quantum engineering.
``(b) Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, centers 
established under this section shall serve the mission of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology, for the benefit of the broader 
United States quantum information science community, to develop 
processes for the following purposes:
``(1) Advancing research and standardization in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Advancing technology development.
``(3) Improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(c) Coordination.--The Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology shall ensure coordination, and avoid 
unnecessary duplication of, the activities carried out under this 
section with existing activities of the Institute, other activities 
carried out under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.
``(d) Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--The centers established under this 
section are authorized to carry out activities for a period of 
five years.
``(2) Renewal.--Each center established under this section 
may be renewed for additional periods of five years following a 
successful merit-based review by the Director.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Director of 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology may 
terminate an underperforming center for cause during the 
performance period.

``SEC. 203. RESEARCH SECURITY.

``The activities authorized under title II shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of 
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.

SEC. 13. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE 
RESEARCH AND EDUCATION ACTIVITIES.

Section 301 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841) 
is amended--
(1) in the heading, by inserting ``, engineering, and 
technology'' after ``science'';
(2) in subsection (a)--
(A) by striking ``basic''; and
(B) by striking ``science and engineering'' and 
inserting ``science, engineering, and technology'';
(3) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)--
(I) by striking ``basic''; and
(II) by striking ``science and 
engineering'' and inserting ``science, 
engineering, and technology''; and
(ii) in subparagraph (B)--
(I) by striking ``human resources'' 
and inserting ``education and 
workforce''; and
(II) by striking ``science and 
engineering'' and inserting ``science, 
engineering, and technology''; and
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A)--
(I) in clause (i)--
(aa) by striking ``science 
and engineering'' and inserting 
``science, engineering, and 
technology'';
(bb) by inserting ``K-12, 
vocational,'' before 
``undergraduate''; and
(cc) by striking ``and'' 
after the semicolon;
(II) in clause (ii), by inserting 
``and'' after the semicolon; and
(III) by adding at the end the 
following new clause:
``(iii) to pursue research at the frontiers 
of quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology, and explore solutions to 
important challenges for the development, 
application, and commercialization of quantum 
technologies;'';
(ii) in subparagraph (B), by striking 
``science and engineering'' and inserting 
``science, engineering, and technology''; and
(iii) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
``science and engineering'' and inserting 
``science, engineering, and technology'';
(iv) in subparagraph (D), by striking 
``and'' after the semicolon;
(v) in subparagraph (E), by striking the 
period and inserting ``; and''; and
(vi) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph:
``(F) providing infrastructure to support academic 
quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology, including through existing infrastructure 
programs and new activities.'';
(4) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows:
``(c) Student Traineeships, Fellowships, and Other Models.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation, in consultation with heads of Federal agencies the 
Director considers appropriate, shall make awards to 
institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit 
organizations (or consortia thereof) to increase capacity and 
broaden participation, including through provisioning of 
experiential opportunities, where appropriate, in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology and other 
related disciplines.
``(2) Quantum traineeships.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation may establish or use existing programs to 
make awards to institutions of higher education or nonprofit 
organizations (or consortia thereof) to provide traineeships to 
graduate students at institutions of higher education within 
the United States who are citizens of the United States and who 
choose or plan to pursue masters or doctoral degrees in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology, or related 
fields, and by providing students with opportunities for 
research experiences in government or industry related to such 
students' quantum studies.
``(3) Quantum fellowships and scholarships.--
``(A) In general.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation may establish or use existing 
programs to support fellowships and scholarships for 
students at institutions of higher education for the 
purpose of increasing quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology exposure for undergraduate 
and graduate STEM students and increasing post-
graduation employment opportunities for STEM students.
``(B) Requirements.--Eligible participants in the 
fellowship and scholarship program shall--
``(i) be enrolled in or have graduated from 
a STEM degree program at a domestic institution 
of higher education; and
``(ii) have taken at least one quantum-
science or quantum-relevant course as part of 
their degree programs.
``(C) Considerations.--Eligible fellowships and 
scholarships may include temporary quantum-related 
positions at Federal or State agencies, National 
Laboratories, private sector entities, institutions of 
higher education, the quantum centers and institute 
established in sections 202, 302, 402, and 502, or 
other quantum-relevant entities, as determined 
appropriate by the Director.
``(D) Competitive awards.--Fellowships and 
scholarships shall be competitively awarded through a 
merit-review process. The Director of the National 
Science Foundation may prioritize fellowships that 
include an industry partner that provides financial 
assistance to the applicant for direct or indirect 
costs.
``(4) Quantum research experiences for undergraduates.--The 
Director of the National Science Foundation shall seek to 
increase opportunities for quantum research for undergraduate 
students by encouraging proposals in quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology, through the research 
experiences for undergraduates pursuant to section 514 of the 
America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-
6).
``(5) Co-operative education programs.--The Director of the 
National Science Foundation may establish or use existing 
programs to support cooperative education programs between 
institutions of higher education and employers that increase 
opportunities for undergraduate students to acquire 
experiential learning and professional experiences in quantum 
information sciences, engineering, and technology.
``(6) Partnerships.--In carrying out the activities under 
this subsection, the Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall encourage awardees to partner with relevant 
Federal agencies, Federal laboratories, industry and other 
private sector organizations, and nonprofit organizations to 
facilitate the expansion of workforce pathways and hands-on 
learning experiences.'';
(5) in subsection (d)--
(A) in the subsection heading, by striking ``QISE'' 
and inserting ``QISET'';
(B) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``information science and 
engineering (referred to in this subsection as 
`QISE')'' and inserting ``information science, 
engineering, and technology (referred to in 
this subsection as QISET)''; and
(ii) by inserting ``and career and 
technical education entities'' after 
``colleges'';
(C) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by striking 
``QISE'' and inserting ``quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology'';
(ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``, 
engineering, and technology'' after 
``science'';
(iii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting ``, 
including materials relevant to emerging 
technologies'' before the period;
(iv) by redesignating subparagraphs (E) and 
(F) as subparagraphs (F) and (H), respectively;
(v) by inserting after subparagraph (D) the 
following new subparagraph:
``(E) Informal education methods to enhance 
experiences of students of all ages with quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology 
concepts and applications.'';
(vi) by inserting after subparagraph (F), 
as so redesignated, the following new 
subparagraph:
``(G) Methods to introduce into STEM curricula 
security and other potential societal dimensions 
associated with quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology.''; and
(vii) in subparagraph (H), as so 
redesignated, by inserting ``, engineering, and 
technology'' after ``science'';
(D) in paragraph (3), by striking ``QISE'' and 
inserting ``quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology''; and
(E) by striking paragraph (4); and
(6) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
``(e) Quantum Research Experiences for Teachers.--The Director of 
the National Science Foundation shall seek to increase opportunities to 
engage educators, principals, or other school leaders of K-12 students 
in professional learning opportunities to enhance quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology knowledge, including by carrying 
out the following:
``(1) Providing hands-on training and research 
opportunities at Federal Laboratories, institutions of higher 
education, or in industry for such educators, principals, or 
other school leaders.
``(2) Developing best practices.
``(f) Expanding Capacity in Quantum Information Science, 
Engineering, and Technology (QISET).--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation, in consultation with the heads of Federal agencies 
the Director considers appropriate, shall make awards on a 
competitive, merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions of 
higher education or eligible nonprofit organizations (or 
consortia thereof) to increase research capacity, education and 
infrastructure capacity, and broaden participation in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology and related 
disciplines, including by carrying out the following:
``(A) Supporting curriculum development in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology as 
described in subsection (d).
``(B) Building upon the activities carried out 
under the Next Generation Quantum Leaders Pilot Program 
authorized under section 10661(f) of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (Public 
Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19261(f)).
``(C) Leveraging the readiness for the involvement 
of local research and education communities to secure 
talent pathways in quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology to satisfy the workforce 
needs of industry, government, and academia.
``(2) Collaborations.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall--
``(A) require eligible institutions of higher 
educations or eligible nonprofit organizations to 
describe how such an institute or organization, as the 
case may be, plans to partner with one or more relevant 
private sector entities; and
``(B) may require such an institute or 
organization, as the case may be, to provide a letter 
of support from any such entities.
``(3) Requirements.--To receive an award under this 
subsection, an eligible institution of higher education or 
eligible nonprofit organization, as the case may be, shall 
submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an 
application that includes the following:
``(A) A plan to sustain proposed activities beyond 
the duration of the award.
``(B) Proposed quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology disciplines or focus areas 
such eligible institution or organization, as the case 
may be, is prepared to engage in to significantly build 
up its quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology research and education capacity.
``(C) A plan for education and workforce 
development, which may include K-12 and post-secondary 
education programs and activities, workforce training 
and career and technical education programs and 
activities, undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral 
education, and informal education programs and 
activities.
``(4) Activities.--Awards under this subsection to support 
research and related activities may include the activities 
relating to the following:
``(A) Development or expansion of research programs 
in disciplines and focus areas specified in paragraph 
(4)(B).
``(B) Faculty recruitment and professional 
development in such disciplines and focus areas.
``(C) To build research capacity and infrastructure 
at an eligible institution in such disciplines and 
focus areas.
``(D) An assessment of capacity-building and 
research infrastructure needs identified in such 
paragraph.
``(E) Bridge programs focused on preparing post-
baccalaureate students for graduate programs in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(F) Administrative research development support.
``(G) Other activities necessary to build research 
capacity in quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology.
``(5) Additional considerations.--In making awards under 
this subsection, the Director of the National Science 
Foundation may also consider the following:
``(A) The extent to which the eligible institution 
of higher education or eligible nonprofit organization, 
as the case may be, will support students from diverse 
backgrounds, including first-generation undergraduate 
students.
``(B) The geographic and institutional diversity of 
eligible institutions of higher education and eligible 
nonprofit organizations.
``(C) How the eligible institution of higher 
education or eligible nonprofit organization, as the 
case may be, can leverage public-private partnerships 
and existing research partnerships with Federal 
agencies.
``(6) Duplication.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall ensure awards made under this subsection are 
complementary to and not duplicative of existing programs.
``(7) Eligible institution of higher education defined.--In 
this subsection, the term `eligible institution of higher 
education' means an institution of higher education, that, 
according to the data published by the National Center for 
Science and Engineering Statistics, is not, on average, among 
the top 100 institutions in Federal research and development 
expenditures during the 3- year period prior to the year of the 
award.
``(g) Faculty Mid-career Development Awards.--The Director of the 
National Science Foundation may provide awards to support mid-career 
scientists and faculty to upgrade, develop, or acquire essential 
research instruments to start new research activities, or expand 
existing activities, focused on quantum information science, 
engineering and technology.
``(h) International Research on Quantum Information Science, 
Engineering, and Technology.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation, in coordination with the Secretary of State and the 
Secretary of Commerce, shall support international quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology research 
collaboration, as appropriate, to enhance international 
cooperation and satisfy United States commitments, including 
pursuant to bilateral or multilateral quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology research agreements.
``(2) Alignment.--In carrying out this subsection, the 
Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure 
alignment with the strategy for national quantum information 
science in accordance with Executive Order 14073 (87 Fed. Reg. 
27909; relating to enhancing the National Quantum Advisory 
Committee) or successor strategies.
``(3) Priority.--The Director shall prioritize research 
programs with countries that have signed a Quantum Cooperation 
Statement with the United States.
``(4) Restriction.--None of the funds made available under 
this section may be obligated or expended to an institution of 
higher education that maintains a contract or agreement between 
such institution and a Confucius Institute or any successor of 
a Confucius Institute.
``(i) Upgrading and Improving Access to Quantum Research 
Resources.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the activities described 
in this section, the Director of the National Science 
Foundation, in consultation with the heads of other Federal 
departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall make awards to 
institutions of higher education or eligible nonprofit 
organizations (or consortia thereof) to upgrade research 
facilities and improve access to research resources, such as 
equipment and instrumentation, that is needed for research and 
development in quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology.
``(2) Purpose.--Grants under paragraph (1) shall be used to 
facilitate quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology research and development, including by carrying out 
the following:
``(A) Upgrading or adding research resources to 
accelerate the development of quantum technologies, 
including capabilities focused on addressing the 
roadblocks to implementation, and satisfy the 
materials, advanced materials development, high 
performance computing, heterogeneous computing, 
networking, software, data, clean room, and device 
needs of the scientific community and the quantum 
supply chain.
``(B) Enhancing access to equipment and 
instrumentation, including at partnering institutions, 
by facilitating information sharing, coordination, 
scheduling, education, and training, including 
activities that provide meaningful hands-on learning 
experiences for students, including at community and 
technical colleges.
``(C) Enabling professional staff to support the 
operation and improvement of research resources used 
for quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology.
``(3) Requirements.--An institution of higher education or 
an eligible nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof) 
and industry partners seeking funding under this subsection 
shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation 
an application at such time, in such manner, and containing 
such information as the Director may require.''.

SEC. 14. MULTIDISCIPLINARY CENTERS FOR QUANTUM RESEARCH AND EDUCATION.

Section 302 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8842) 
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``5'' and inserting 
``10'';
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ``basic'';
(B) in paragraph (1), by striking ``science and 
engineering'' and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology''; and
(C) in paragraph (2), by striking ``and 
engineering'' and inserting ``, engineering, and 
technology, including leveraging or expanding 
activities established pursuant to section 301(d)'';
(3) in subsection (d)(2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A), by inserting ``quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology'' 
after ``quantum science'';
(B) in subparagraph (B), by inserting ``health,'' 
after ``chemistry,'';
(C) in subparagraph (C), by inserting ``, including 
how each institution of higher education or an eligible 
nonprofit organization (or a consortium thereof), as 
the case may be, that is applying for a grant under 
this section will develop and implement outreach 
activities to increase the participation of students in 
STEM, including women and individuals from 
underrepresented groups (in accordance with section 
526(a)(7) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act 
of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14(a)(7)))'' before the 
semicolon;
(D) in subparagraph (D), by striking ``and'' after 
the semicolon;
(E) in subparagraph (E), by striking the period and 
inserting ``; and''; and
(F) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph:
``(F) how the Center will participate in 
international collaborations, as appropriate, to build 
a trusted global research network with allies and 
partners of the United States and other countries that 
share values with the United States, including respect 
for international norms and a commitment to fair 
competition.'';
(4) in paragraph (2) of subsection (e), by striking ``on a 
competitive'' and inserting ``following a successful''.
(5) in subsection (f), by striking ``2019 through 2023'' 
and inserting ``2026''.

SEC. 15. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW) 
COORDINATION HUB.

Title III of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8841 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new sections:

``SEC. 303. QUANTUM RESKILLING, EDUCATION, AND WORKFORCE (QREW) 
COORDINATION HUB.

``(a) In General.--The Director of the National Science Foundation, 
in consultation with the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, the Secretary of Energy, and the heads of 
other relevant Federal departments and agencies, as appropriate, shall 
make an award to a consortium led by an institution of higher education 
or an eligible nonprofit organization to establish a Quantum 
Reskilling, Education, and Workforce Coordination Hub (in this section 
referred to as the `Hub').
``(b) Consortium.--The Hub established pursuant to subsection (a) 
shall include not fewer than four institutions of higher education, 
including not fewer than two community colleges, and may include career 
and technical schools, nonprofit organizations, and private sector 
entities.
``(c) Purpose.--The purpose of this Hub shall be the following:
``(1) To identify and address cross-cutting workforce 
development challenges in quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology, and the quantum industry, by 
serving as a national and regional clearinghouse.
``(2) To facilitate the establishment of programs to 
disseminate to institutions of higher education and career and 
technical education entities model curricula, best practices, 
and instructional materials.
``(d) Activities.--The activities of the Hub may include the 
following:
``(1) Testing, implementing, scaling, disseminating, and 
standardizing materials, methods, best practices, and other 
outputs developed through activities under this Act.
``(2) Increasing the integration of quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology content into STEM 
curricula at all education levels, including career and 
technical education programs.
``(3) Providing opportunities for STEM degree students to 
provide feedback on quantum information science, engineering, 
and technology curricula.
``(4) Facilitating post-education employment opportunities 
and workforce pathways for STEM degree recipients in quantum-
related industries, including by facilitating opportunities for 
internships, externships, fellowships, and other such 
activities as determined by the Director, including through the 
establishment of a publicly accessible online portal.
``(5) Coordinating with quantum industry and nonprofit 
entities and small and medium-sized businesses and startups to 
inform and enhance the quality and availability of quantum 
education in STEM degree programs, including through the 
promotion of post-graduation opportunities for STEM students 
outside the classroom to increase exposure to quantum 
industries.
``(6) Supporting activities and programs to enhance the 
recruitment of students in STEM, including women and 
individuals from underrepresented groups (in accordance with 
section 526(a)(7) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act 
of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14(a)(7))), to pursue undergraduate 
and graduate studies in quantum information science, 
engineering, or technology.
``(7) Developing, testing, implementing, and coordinating 
career development programs and strategies for pre-university 
and university educators for the purpose of increasing the 
number of quantum-informed educators at all levels of 
education, including by carrying out the following:
``(A) Hosting career development workshops.
``(B) Developing in-house and distance learning 
career development tools for public use.
``(C) Facilitating access to related quantum 
technology, tools, and resources.
``(D) Developing training, research, and 
professional development programs, including innovative 
pre-service and in-service programs.
``(E) Facilitating relationships with State and 
local entities to increase awareness of and promote 
quantum-related career development activities at the 
Hub.
``(8) Establishing a framework for performing ongoing 
regular data collection and analysis for the quantum workforce 
to report on trends, and perform other activities that expand 
the understanding of the current and future needs of the 
quantum industry, and education capacity or readiness of the 
quantum workforce. Such activities shall complement or align 
with, as relevant, authorized quantum and STEM workforce 
studies under section 10661(d) of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19261(d)).
``(9) Facilitating public education and outreach activities 
to enhance the understanding and awareness of quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology to a boarder 
community to satisfy broader impact requirements of award 
applications.
``(10) Encouraging coordination on quantum education in the 
broader STEM community.
``(e) QREW Quantum Fellowship Program.--Subject to the restriction 
specified in subsection (h)(4) of section 301, the Hub may support 
education or policy fellowships for students at entities participating 
in the consortium under subsection (a) or at other research centers 
established pursuant to this Act at the National Science Foundation, 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of 
Energy, or the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, for the 
purpose of supporting the activities described in subsection (d).
``(f) Industry Coordination.--The Hub shall collaborate with the 
Quantum Consortium established in section 201(b) or other industry 
consortia to identify, publish, facilitate, or enable quantum-related 
education and workforce development opportunities described in 
subsections (c) and (d).
``(g) Application.--A consortium seeking funding under this section 
shall submit to the Director of the National Science Foundation an 
application at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Director may require. Each application shall include 
a description of how the consortium shall carry out the following:
``(1) Contribute to the success of the Hub and fulfill the 
purposes of the Hub.
``(2) Include industry participation in fulfilling the 
purposes of the Hub.
``(3) Collaborate with other members of the consortium to 
share expertise in integrating quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology into existing STEM programs and 
other relevant fields and disciplines.
``(4) Support long-term and short-term workforce 
development in the quantum field.
``(5) Develop and implement outreach activities to increase 
the participation of students in STEM, including women and 
individuals from underrepresented groups (in accordance with 
section 526(a)(7) of the America COMPETES Reauthorization Act 
of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14(a)(7))).
``(h) Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--The Hub established under this section 
is authorized to carry out activities for a period of 5 years.
``(2) Reapplication.--An awardee may reapply for an 
additional, subsequent period of 5 years following a 
successful, merit-based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the 
National Science Foundation, the Director of the National 
Science Foundation may terminate the Hub if it is 
underperforming during the performance period.
``(i) Coordination.--The Hub shall coordinate with other research 
centers established under this Act at the National Science Foundation, 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the Department of 
Energy, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and other 
relevant Federal agencies, as appropriate, on activities and resources.

``SEC. 304. QUANTUM TESTBEDS.

``(a) In General.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of the National Quantum Initiative Reauthorization Act, the 
Director of the National Science Foundation, in coordination with the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, the 
Secretary of Energy, and the heads of other Federal agencies, as 
determined appropriate by the Director of the National Science 
Foundation, shall make awards on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis to 
institutions of higher education, nonprofit organizations, federally 
funded research and development centers, or consortia thereof, to 
establish not more than five testbeds for quantum applications research 
and development.
``(b) Purposes.--The quantum testbeds established under subsection 
(a) shall focus on advancing research and development for near-term and 
medium-term quantum application use cases by providing accessible 
research resources to academia and industry for developing and testing 
such use cases, including through proof-of-concept testing, 
demonstrations, pilot projects, and prototyping.
``(c) Application Proposals.--An applicant for an award under this 
section shall submit to the Director a proposal at such time, in such 
manner, and containing such information as the Director may reasonably 
require. The proposal shall, at a minimum, describe the following:
``(1) How the applicant will assemble a workforce, 
including women and individuals from underrepresented groups 
(in accordance with section 526(a)(7) of the America COMPETES 
Reauthorization Act of 2010 (42 U.S.C. 1862p-14(a)(7))), with 
the skills needed to operate a quantum testbed.
``(2) How the applicant will ensure broad access to a 
quantum testbed, including for start-ups and small businesses.
``(3) How a quantum testbed will operate after Federal 
funding has ended.
``(d) Prioritization.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall prioritize the following:
``(1) Applicants that ensure not less than 25 percent of 
the cost for a testbed awarded under this section is provided 
by private or non-Federal entities, including in-kind 
contributions.
``(2) Awards for consortia that include quantum industry 
participation.
``(e) Roles and Responsibilities.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall be responsible for the following:
``(1) Maintaining a record of notable outcomes from each 
quantum testbed established under this section.
``(2) Partnering with other Federal agencies to enable 
opportunities for quantum testbed outcomes to be appropriately 
taken up by such agencies in alignment with the missions of 
such agencies.
``(3) Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this section and every two years thereafter until 
December 31, 2032, briefing the appropriate committees of 
Congress on the status of such quantum testbeds and providing 
recommendations for improving such quantum testbeds.
``(f) Coordination.--In establishing quantum testbeds under this 
section, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall ensure 
coordination with other testbeds and other quantum facilities hosting 
Federal quantum technology and infrastructure supported by the National 
Science Foundation, including testbeds authorized pursuant to section 
10390 of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act 
(Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19110), or by other Federal agencies as 
determined appropriate by the Director, to avoid duplication and 
maximize use of Federal resources.
``(g) Stakeholder Collaboration.--In carrying out this section, the 
Director of the National Science Foundation shall collaborate with the 
Quantum Consortium established pursuant to section 201(b) to accomplish 
the purposes of the quantum testbeds program described in subsection 
(b) and ensure there is strong collaboration with industry 
stakeholders. The Director may also engage with National Laboratories, 
federally funded research and development centers, industry, and other 
members of the United States quantum ecosystem.
``(h) Geographic Diversity.--The Director shall ensure regional and 
geographic diversity in issuing awards under this section.

``SEC. 305. RESEARCH SECURITY.

``The activities authorized under title III shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of 
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.

SEC. 16. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH 
PROGRAM.

Section 401 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851) 
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``basic research program 
on quantum information science'' and inserting ``research, 
development, and demonstration program on quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, engineering, 
and technology'' after ``science'';
(B) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) 
as paragraphs (5), (6), and (7), respectively;
(C) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following 
new paragraphs:
``(3) operate National Quantum Information Science Research 
Centers to accelerate and scale up scientific and technical 
breakthroughs in quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology, and maintain state-of-the-art infrastructure for 
quantum researchers and industry partners, in accordance with 
section 402;
``(4) conduct cooperative research with industry, National 
Laboratories, institutions of higher education, and other 
research institutions to facilitate the development and 
demonstration of quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology, including in the fields of--
``(A) quantum information theory;
``(B) quantum physics;
``(C) quantum computational science, including 
hardware and software, including artificial 
intelligence, machine learning and data science;
``(D) quantum data storage, including hardware and 
software for energy efficient data centers;
``(E) applied mathematics and algorithm 
development;
``(F) quantum communications and networking, 
including hardware and software for quantum 
communications and networking;
``(G) quantum sensing and detection;
``(H) materials science and engineering;
``(I) quantum modeling and simulation, including 
molecular modeling;
``(J) near- and long-term application development 
in a range of areas as determined by the Secretary, 
such as materials discovery, advanced manufacturing, 
cybersecurity, energy efficiency and energy 
technologies, energy storage and electric grid 
management;
``(K) quantum chemistry and chemical sciences;
``(L) quantum biology; and
``(M) quantum security technologies;'';
(D) by amending paragraph (5), as so redesignated, 
to read as follows:
``(5) provide research experiences and training for 
additional undergraduate and graduate students in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology, including in 
the fields specified in paragraph (4);'';
(E) in paragraph (6), as so redesignated--
(i) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
``and'' after the semicolon;
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph (F) as 
subparagraph (J); and
(iii) by inserting after subparagraph (E) 
the following new subparagraphs:
``(F) the Office of Electricity;
``(G) the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy Security, 
and Emergency Response;
``(H) the Office of Fossil Energy and Carbon 
Management;
``(I) the Office of Technology Transitions; and'';
(F) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 
striking the period and inserting ``and other relevant 
efforts as defined by the Secretary of Energy; and''; 
and
(G) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
``(8) leverage the collective body of knowledge and data, 
including experience and resources from existing Federal 
research activities and commercially-available quantum 
computing hardware and software to the extent practicable.''; 
and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subsections:
``(c) Quantum High Performance Computing Strategic Plan.--Not later 
than one year after the date of the enactment of this subsection, the 
Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a report containing a 10-
year strategic plan to guide Federal programs in designing, expanding, 
commercializing, and procuring hybrid, high performance computing 
systems featuring the ability to integrate a diverse set of resources, 
including artificial intelligence and machine learning, accelerated by 
quantum supercomputers to enable the Department of Energy's computing 
facilities to continuously advance computing resources. Such strategic 
plan shall include the following:
``(1) A plan to leverage capabilities and infrastructure 
from the exascale computing program, as the Secretary 
determines necessary.
``(2) A plan to minimize disruptions to the advanced 
scientific computing workforce.
``(3) A consideration of a diversity of quantum computing 
modalities.
``(4) A plan to integrate cloud access of commercially 
available quantum hardware and software to complement on-
premises high performance computing systems and resources 
consistent with the QUEST program under section 404.
``(5) A description of how the Secretary will implement the 
plan developed under this section.
``(d) Industry Outreach.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a) the Secretary of Energy shall engage with the quantum 
technology industry and promote commercialization of applications of 
quantum technology relevant to the Department of Energy's activities by 
carrying out the following:
``(1) Educating the following:
``(A) The energy industry on near term and 
commercially available quantum technologies.
``(B) The quantum industry on potential energy 
applications.
``(2) Accelerating the advancements of United States 
quantum computing, communications, networking, sensing, and 
security capabilities to protect and optimize the energy 
sector.
``(3) Advancing relevant domestic supply chains, 
manufacturing capabilities, and associated simulations or 
modeling capabilities.
``(4) Facilitating commercialization of quantum 
technologies from National Laboratories and engaging with the 
Quantum Consortium established pursuant to section 201(b) and 
other organizations, as applicable, to transition component 
technologies to help facilitate, as appropriate, the 
development of a quantum supply chain.
``(5) Where appropriate, promoting participation by small 
and medium-sized businesses and startups.''.

SEC. 17. DOE QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY PROGRAM.

Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et 
seq.) is amended by inserting after section 401 the following new 
section:

``SEC. 401A. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM INSTRUMENTATION AND FOUNDRY 
PROGRAM.

``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy shall establish a 
quantum instrumentation and infrastructure foundry program to carry out 
the following:
``(1) Maintain United States leadership in quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(2) Develop domestic quantum supply chains.
``(3) Provide resources for the broader scientific 
community.
``(4) Support activities carried out under sections 401, 
403, and 404.
``(b) Program Components.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), the Secretary of Energy shall design, build, develop, 
purchase, and commercialize specialized equipment, laboratory 
infrastructure, and state-of-the-art instrumentation to advance quantum 
engineering research and the development of quantum component 
technologies at a scale sufficient to satisfy the needs of the 
scientific community and enable commercialization of quantum 
technology.
``(c) Quantum Foundries.--In carrying out the program under 
subsection (a), and in coordination partnership with institutions of 
higher education and industry, the Secretary of Energy shall support 
the development of quantum foundries focused on satisfying the device, 
hardware, software, and materials needs of the scientific community and 
the quantum supply chain.''.

SEC. 18. NATIONAL QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTERS.

Section 402 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8852) 
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by striking ``basic'';
(ii) by striking ``science and technology'' 
and inserting ``science, engineering, and 
technology, to expand capacity for the domestic 
quantum workforce,''; and
(iii) by striking ``section 401'' and 
inserting ``sections 401, 403, and 404''; and
(B) in paragraph (2)(C), by inserting ``that may 
include one or more commercial entities'' after 
``collaborations'';
(2) in subsection (b), by inserting ``, and should be 
inclusive of the variety of viable quantum technologies, where 
appropriate'' before the period;
(3) in subsection (c),
(A) by striking ``basic''; and
(B) by inserting ``, engineering, and technology, 
accelerating quantum workforce development,'' after 
``science'';
(4) in subsection (d)(1)--
(A) in subparagraph (C), by striking ``and'' after 
the semicolon;
(B) by redesignating subparagraph (D) as 
subparagraph (E); and
(C) by inserting after subparagraph (C) the 
following new subparagraph:
``(D) the Office of Technology Transitions; and'';
(5) in subsection (e), by amending paragraph (2) to read as 
follows:
``(2) Renewal.--Each Center under this section may be 
renewed for an additional period of 5 years following a 
successful, merit-based review and approval by the Director.''; 
and
(6) by striking subsection (f).

SEC. 19. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM NETWORK INFRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 
AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM.

Section 403 of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8853) 
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by inserting ``, including'' after 
``networking''; and
(ii) by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and 
inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs:
``(6) where applicable, leverage a diversity of modalities 
and commercially-available quantum hardware and software; and
``(7) develop education and training pathways related to 
quantum network infrastructure investments, aligned with 
existing programmatic investments by the Department of 
Energy.''; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (1)--
(i) by redesignating subparagraphs (C) and 
(D) as subparagraphs (D) and (E), respectively; 
and
(ii) by inserting after subparagraph (B) 
the following new subparagraph:
``(C) the Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration;'';
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) in subparagraph (A), by inserting 
``ground-to-space and'' after ``channels,'';
(ii) in subparagraph (E), by striking 
``photon-based'' and inserting ``all applicable 
modalities of'';
(iii) in subparagraph (F)--
(I) by striking ``large scale'' and 
inserting ``large-scale''; and
(II) by inserting ``, quantum 
sensors,'' after ``quantum repeaters'';
(iv) in subparagraph (G)--
(I) by inserting ``data centers, 
quantum sensors'' after ``repeaters,''; 
and
(II) by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(v) in subparagraph (H)--
(I) by striking ``the quantum 
technology stack'' and inserting 
``quantum technology modality stacks''; 
and
(II) by striking ``National 
Laboratories in'' and inserting 
``National Laboratories such as''; and
(vi) by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraphs:
``(I) development of quantum network and 
entanglement distribution protocols or applications, 
including development of network stack protocols and 
protocols enabling integration with existing 
technologies or infrastructure; and
``(J) development of high efficiency room-
temperature photon detectors for quantum photonic 
applications, including quantum networking and 
communications;'';
(C) in paragraph (4)--
(i) by striking ``basic''; and
(ii) by striking ``material'' and inserting 
``materials''; and
(D) in paragraph (5), by striking ``fundamental'';
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (6), by inserting ``, including 
small and medium-sized businesses and startups'' before 
the semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (7), by striking ``and'' at the 
end;
(C) by redesignating paragraph (8) as (9); and
(D) by inserting after paragraph (7) the following 
new paragraph:
``(8) nonprofit organizations; and''; and
(4) in subsection (d), by striking ``basic research'' and 
inserting ``research, development, and demonstration''.

SEC. 20. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY QUANTUM USER EXPANSION FOR SCIENCE AND 
TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM.

Section 404 of the of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 
U.S.C. 8854) is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1), by 
striking ``and quantum computing clouds'' and inserting 
``, software, and cloud-based quantum computers'';
(B) in paragraph (3), by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(C) in paragraph (4), by striking the period and 
inserting a semicolon; and
(D) by adding at the end the following new 
paragraphs:
``(5) to enable development of software and applications, 
including estimation of resources needed to scale applications; 
and
``(6) to develop near-term quantum applications to solve 
public and private sector problems.'';
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(B) in paragraph (5), by striking the period and 
inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by at the end the following new paragraphs:
``(6) enable users to develop algorithms, software tools, 
simulators, and applications for quantum systems using cloud-
based quantum computers; and
``(7) partner with appropriate public and private sector 
entities to develop training and education opportunities on 
prototype and early-state devices.''; and
(3) in subsection (c)--
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), 
and (8) as paragraphs (5), (6), (7), (8), and (10), 
respectively;
(B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following 
new paragraph:
``(4) the National Oceanic and Atmospheric 
Administration;'';
(C) in paragraph (7), as so redesignated, by 
inserting ``, including small- and medium-sized 
businesses and startups'' before the semicolon;
(D) in paragraph (8), as so redesignated, by 
striking ``and'' after the semicolon; and
(E) by inserting after paragraph (8), as so 
redesignated the following new paragraph:
``(9) nonprofit organizations; and''.

SEC. 21. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE TO ENHANCE THE RESILIENCE, 
SECURITY, AND EFFICIENCY OF THE ELECTRIC GRID.

Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et 
seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 405. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE TO ENHANCE THE RESILIENCE AND 
SECURITY OF THE ELECTRIC GRID.

``(a) In General.--The Secretary of Energy (referred to in this 
section as the `Secretary') shall conduct research, development, and 
demonstration activities focused on the use of quantum information 
science, engineering, and technology, including through quantum 
applications and quantum computing, to enhance the resilience, 
security, and efficiency of the electric grid in the United States.
``(b) Research Areas.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Secretary may conduct research in the following areas:
``(1) Fault detection and prediction.
``(2) Grid security and safety, including through post-
quantum cryptography.
``(3) Integrated grid planning.
``(4) Grid optimization.
``(5) Enhanced modeling.
``(6) Energy storage.
``(7) Energy market optimization.
``(8) Any other area in which, in the determination of the 
Secretary, quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology can enhance the resilience, security, and efficiency 
of the electric grid in the United States.
``(c) Cooperation.--To the extent practicable, the Secretary shall 
conduct research, development, and demonstration activities under 
subsection (a) in cooperation, including through partnerships, as the 
Secretary determines appropriate, with members of relevant industries, 
National Laboratories, institutions of higher education, nonprofit 
organizations, and other relevant institutions, including research 
institutions, as determined by the Secretary.''.

SEC. 22. RESEARCH SECURITY.

Title IV of the National Quantum Initiative Act (15 U.S.C. 8851 et 
seq.), as amended by section 21, is further amended by adding at the 
end the following new section:

``SEC. 406. RESEARCH SECURITY.

``The activities authorized under this title shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of 
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.

SEC. 23. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM 
ACTIVITIES.

The National Quantum Initiative Act is amended by adding at the end 
the following new title:

``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM 
ACTIVITIES

``SEC. 501. QUANTUM INFORMATION SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, AND TECHNOLOGY 
RESEARCH FOR SPACE AND AERONAUTICS.

``(a) In General.--The Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration is authorized to carry out the following:
``(1) Carry out research on quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology.
``(2) Designate an individual responsible for coordinating 
quantum activities across the agency.
``(b) Cooperation.--In carrying out subsection (a), the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration--
``(1) shall consider cooperative arrangements with the 
Department of Energy and other Federal departments and 
agencies, as practicable, on areas of shared benefit; and
``(2) may enter into memoranda of understanding or 
memoranda of agreement to establish such cooperative 
arrangements.
``(c) Strategy.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this title, the Administrator of the National Aeronautics 
and Space Administration shall submit to the appropriate committees of 
Congress a strategy for National Aeronautics and Space Administration 
research on quantum information science, engineering, and technology. 
The strategy shall--
``(1) identify priority areas of quantum science, 
engineering, and technologies, such as quantum sensing, that 
have the highest potential to transform and improve NASA's 
missions, research, and development activities;
``(2) identify opportunities for novel ways to investigate 
and explore the solar system and the universe;
``(3) identify resources required to support implementation 
of the strategy, including budgets, workforce, and 
infrastructure; and
``(4) describe cooperative efforts with other Federal 
departments and agencies, and address areas of research and 
applications, including--
``(A) quantum sensing;
``(B) quantum networking;
``(C) quantum communications, including quantum 
satellite communications;
``(D) quantum computing; and
``(E) science, aeronautics, and exploration-related 
applications.
``(d) Consultation.--In developing the strategy described in 
subsection (c), the Administrator may seek input from relevant external 
stakeholders, including institutions of higher education, industry, and 
nonprofit research organizations.

``SEC. 502. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM 
INSTITUTE.

``(a) In General.--Subject to the availability of appropriations, 
the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 
in consultation with the heads of other Federal departments and 
agencies, as appropriate, may carry out a program to establish an 
institute focused on space and aeronautics applications of quantum 
information science, engineering, and technology.
``(b) Institute Details.--
``(1) Competitive, merit-reviewed process.--If the 
institute under this section is established, the institute 
shall be so established through a competitive, merit-reviewed 
process.
``(2) Applications.--An eligible applicant under this 
section shall submit to the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration an application at such 
time, in such manner, and containing such information as the 
Administrator determines to be appropriate.
``(3) Eligible applicants.--When administering the process 
described in paragraph (1), the Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration shall consider 
applications from institutions of higher education, research 
centers, multi-institutional collaborations, and any other 
entity that the Administrator determines appropriate.
``(4) Collaborations.--A collaboration that receives an 
award under this section may include multiple types of research 
institutions, private sector entities, and nonprofit 
organizations.
``(5) Coordination.--The Administrator of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration shall ensure an awardee 
under this section coordinates the activities carried out under 
this section with the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, and avoids unnecessary duplication of existing 
activities of the Administration, other activities carried out 
under this Act, and other related programs, as appropriate.
``(6) Commercial technology.--The institute under this 
section may leverage commercially-available hardware and 
software to carry out the activities described in subsection 
(c).
``(c) Institute Activities.--The institute under this section may 
carry out activities that--
``(1) support research focused on developing space and 
aeronautics applications for quantum information science, 
engineering, and technology, including as related to the 
results of the strategy under section 501(c); and
``(2) support quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology education and public outreach.
``(d) Institute Requirements.--To the maximum extent practicable, 
the institute under this section shall serve the needs of the National 
Aeronautics and Space Administration for the benefit of the broader 
United States quantum information science community, to establish 
processes for the purpose of advancing space and aeronautics 
applications in quantum information science, engineering, and 
technology, and improving the competitiveness of the United States.
``(e) Institute Selection and Duration.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the institute under this section may carry out 
activities for a period of 5 years.
``(2) Reapplication.--Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, an awardee may reapply for an additional, 
subsequent period of 5 years following a successful, merit-
based review.
``(3) Termination.--Consistent with the authorities of the 
National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the 
Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration may terminate the institute for cause during the 
performance period.

``SEC. 503. RESEARCH SECURITY.

``The activities authorized under title V shall be applied in a 
manner consistent with subtitle D of title VI of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (enacted as division B of 
Public Law 117-167; 42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.).''.

SEC. 24. NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CRYPTOGRAPHY RESEARCH.

Subsection (a)(1)(A) of section 4 of the Cyber Security Research 
and Development Act (15 U.S.C. 7403) is amended by inserting ``, 
including post-quantum cryptography (as such term is defined in section 
3 of the Quantum Computing Cybersecurity Preparedness Act (6 U.S.C. 
1526 note; Public Law 117-260))'' before the semicolon.

SEC. 25. CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.

The table of contents in section 1(b) of the National Quantum 
Initiative Act is amended as follows:
(1) By striking the items relating to sections 105 and 106 
and inserting the following new items:

``Sec. 105. Subcommittee on the Economic and Security Implications of 
Quantum Information Science.
``Sec. 105A. International Quantum Cooperation Strategy.
``Sec. 106. Sunset.''.
(2) By inserting after the item relating to section 201 the 
following new items:

``Sec. 202. National Institute of Standards and Technology quantum 
acceleration centers.
``Sec. 203. Research security.'';
(3) By inserting after the item relating to section 302 the 
following new items:

``Sec. 303. Quantum Reskilling, Education, and Workforce (QREW) 
Coordination Hub.
``Sec. 304. Quantum testbeds.''.
(4) By inserting after the item relating to section 401 the 
following new item:

``Sec. 401A. Department of Energy Quantum Instrumentation and Foundry 
Program.''.
(5) By inserting after the item relating to section 404 the 
following new items:

``Sec. 405. Quantum information science to enhance the resilience and 
security of the electric grid.
``Sec. 406. Research security.''.
(6) By adding at the end the following new items:

``TITLE V--NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION QUANTUM 
ACTIVITIES

``Sec. 501. Quantum information science, engineering, and technology 
research for space and aeronautics.
``Sec. 502. National Aeronautics and Space Administration quantum 
institute.
``Sec. 503. Research security.''.
<all>