H.R. 8516

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 8516 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 8516

To make certain improvements relating to artificial intelligence, and 
for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

April 27, 2026

Mr. Lieu (for himself and Mr. Obernolte) introduced the following bill; 
which was referred to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, 
and in addition to the Committees on Energy and Commerce, Agriculture, 
Oversight and Government Reform, Education and Workforce, the 
Judiciary, and Ways and Means, for a period to be subsequently 
determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration of such 
provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

A BILL

To make certain improvements relating to artificial intelligence, and 
for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS.

(a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``American 
Leadership in AI Act''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents.
TITLE I--STRENGTHENING STANDARDS, TESTING, AND EVALUATIONS

Subtitle A--Center for AI Standards and Innovation

Sec. 101. Center for AI Standards and Innovation.
Subtitle B--Support for Artificial Intelligence and Other Critical and 
Emerging Technologies by the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology.

Sec. 111. Definitions.
Sec. 112. United States participation in organizations developing 
standards and specifications for artificial 
intelligence and other critical and 
emerging technologies.
Sec. 113. Pilot program to support standards meetings for artificial 
intelligence and other critical and 
emerging technologies in the United States.
Subtitle C--Research on Development Best Practices by the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology

Sec. 121. Research on development best practices by the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology.
TITLE II--BUILD RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPUR GROUNDBREAKING 
RESEARCH

Subtitle A--National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource

Sec. 201. National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource.
Subtitle B--National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Pilot 
Program

Sec. 211. National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource pilot 
program.
Subtitle C--Prize Competitions for Artificial Intelligence Research and 
Development

Sec. 221. Prize competitions for artificial intelligence research and 
development.
Subtitle D--Grants to Perform Research Regarding the Use of Generative 
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care

Sec. 231. Grants to perform research regarding the use of generative 
artificial intelligence in health care.
Subtitle E--Department of Agriculture and National Science Foundation 
Research and Development Coordination

Sec. 241. Department of Agriculture and National Science Foundation 
research and development coordination.
Subtitle F--Department of Energy Artificial Intelligence Research 
Program

Sec. 251. Department of Energy artificial intelligence research 
program.
TITLE III--MODERNIZING FEDERAL AI GOVERNANCE, PROCUREMENT, AND SECURITY

Subtitle A--Federal Standards for Artificial Intelligence

Sec. 301. Federal standards for artificial intelligence.
Subtitle B--AI Leadership to Enable Accountable Deployment

Sec. 311. Definitions.
Sec. 312. Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers Council.
Sec. 313. Agency artificial intelligence officers.
Sec. 314. Agency coordination on artificial intelligence.
Sec. 315. GAO reports.
Sec. 316. Post-enactment guidance from the Director.
Sec. 317. Sunset.
Subtitle C--AI Incident Reporting and Security Enhancement

Sec. 321. Activities to support voluntary vulnerability and incident 
tracking associated with artificial 
intelligence.
TITLE IV--PROTECTING WORKERS AND EMPOWERING SMALL BUSINESSES

Subtitle A--AI Workforce Research Hub

Sec. 401. AI Workforce Research Hub.
Subtitle B--Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement

Sec. 411. Resources for small businesses to utilize artificial 
intelligence.
TITLE V--SAFEGUARDING AMERICANS AND DETERRING HARMFUL DEEPFAKES

Subtitle A--Disrupting Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits

Sec. 501. Civil action relating to disclosure of intimate images.
Sec. 502. Severability; rule of construction.
Subtitle B--AI Fraud Deterrence

Sec. 511. Financial crimes and artificial intelligence.
Sec. 512. AI impersonation of Federal officials.
Subtitle C--AI Whistleblower Protection

Sec. 521. Definitions.
Sec. 522. Anti-retaliation protection for AI whistleblowers.
TITLE VI--EXPANDING EDUCATION, LITERACY, AND INCLUSION

Subtitle A--Codifying AI Literacy Efforts of the AI Task Force

Sec. 601. AI literacy efforts of the AI Task Force.
Subtitle B--New Collar Jobs Tax Credit

Sec. 611. Employee cybersecurity education.
Sec. 612. Cybersecurity training incentive for Government contracts.
Subtitle C--Literacy in Future Technologies Artificial Intelligence

Sec. 621. Preparing K-12 educators and students for an AI literate 
future.
Subtitle D--Expanding AI Voices Through Capacity Building

Sec. 631. Expanding capacity in artificial intelligence science.
Subtitle E--NSF AI Education

Sec. 641. Scholarships and fellowships in artificial intelligence.
Sec. 642. Community college and area career and technical educational 
school centers of AI excellence.
Sec. 643. Awards for research on artificial intelligence in education.
Sec. 644. National STEM Teacher Corps.

TITLE I--STRENGTHENING STANDARDS, TESTING, AND EVALUATIONS

Subtitle A--Center for AI Standards and Innovation

SEC. 101. CENTER FOR AI STANDARDS AND INNOVATION.

(a) Definitions.--Section 5002 of the National Artificial 
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401; as enacted as part 
of division E of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021; Public Law 116-283) is 
amended--
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (4), (5), (6), (7), (8), 
(9), (10), and (11) as paragraphs (6), (8), (9), (10), (11), 
(12), (13), and (14), respectively;
(2) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new 
paragraphs:
``(4) Artificial intelligence red teaming.--The term 
`artificial intelligence red teaming' means a structured 
testing in a controlled environment simulating real-world 
conditions, using adversarial methods to find flaws and 
vulnerabilities in an artificial intelligence system and 
identify risks, flaws, and vulnerabilities of artificial 
intelligence systems, such as harmful outputs from such system, 
unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, limitations, and 
potential risks associated with the misuse of such system.
``(5) Artificial intelligence system.--The term `artificial 
intelligence system'--
``(A) means any data system, software, application, 
tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part 
using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or 
other forms of artificial intelligence, whether--
``(i) the data system, software, 
application, tool, or utility is established 
primarily for the purpose of researching, 
developing, or implementing artificial 
intelligence technology; or
``(ii) artificial intelligence capability 
is integrated into another system or agency 
business process, operational activity, or 
technology system; and
``(B) does not include any common commercial 
product within which artificial intelligence is 
embedded, such as a word processor or map navigation 
system.''; and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (6), as so redesignated, 
the following new paragraph:
``(7) Federal laboratory.--The term `Federal laboratory' 
has the meaning given such term in section 4 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3703).''.
(b) Establishment.--Title LIII of division E of the William M. 
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2021 (Public Law 116-283; 134 Stat. 4523) is amended by adding at the 
end the following new section:

``SEC. 5304. CENTER FOR AI STANDARDS AND INNOVATION.

``(a) Establishment.--
``(1) In general.--Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology (in this section referred to as the 
`Director') shall establish a center on artificial 
intelligence, to be known as the `Center for AI Standards and 
Innovation' (in this section referred to as the `Center'), to 
ensure continued United States leadership in research, 
development, and evaluation of the reliability, robustness, 
resilience, security, and safety of artificial intelligence 
systems.
``(2) Purposes.--The purposes of the Center are as follows:
``(A) To advance the measurement science for 
artificial intelligence reliability, robustness, 
resilience, security, and safety.
``(B) To support the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology laboratories as such 
laboratories carry out artificial intelligence 
activities related to robustness, resilience, and 
safety in accordance with section 22A of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278h-1).
``(C) To collaborate with the private sector, 
standards development organizations, civil society, and 
Federal agencies in supporting the development of 
voluntary best practices and technical standards for 
evaluating the reliability, robustness, resilience, 
security, and safety-related challenges and 
remediations of artificial intelligence systems.
``(D) To increase the understanding of State, 
local, and Tribal governments, institutions of higher 
education, private sector entities, and the public of 
the reliability, robustness, resilience, security, and 
safety-related challenges and remediations of 
artificial intelligence.
``(3) Director.--The Director or appropriate designee shall 
serve as the Director of the Center.
``(4) Consultation and coordination.--In establishing the 
Center, the Director shall--
``(A) coordinate with--
``(i) the Director of the National Science 
Foundation;
``(ii) the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy;
``(iii) the Secretary of Energy;
``(iv) the Secretary of Defense; and
``(v) the Secretary of Homeland Security; 
and
``(B) consult with the heads of such other Federal 
agencies as the Director considers appropriate.
``(5) Activities.--The activities of the Center may include 
the following:
``(A) Conducting evaluations and benchmarking of 
the capabilities and limitations of artificial 
intelligence over time.
``(B) Conducting measurement research to inform the 
development of recommended best practices, benchmarks, 
methodologies, procedures, voluntary consensus-based 
technical standards, and other resources for the 
evaluation and assurance of reliable, robust, 
resilient, secure, and safe artificial intelligence 
systems and reduce the risk of the misuse of such 
systems, including relating to the following:
``(i) Common definitions and 
characterizations for aspects of artificial 
intelligence reliability, robustness, 
resiliency, security, and safety, and the 
measurement of such that are applicable across 
many sectors and use cases.
``(ii) The reliability, robustness, 
resilience, security, and safety of artificial 
intelligence systems and use cases, including 
the ability for such systems to withstand 
unexpected inputs and adversarial attacks.
``(iii) Testing, evaluation, validation, 
and verification methods for risk management, 
including measurement of and assurance for 
accuracy, transparency, reliability, security, 
verifiability, and safety throughout the 
lifecycle of artificial intelligence systems, 
including through artificial intelligence red 
teaming.
``(iv) Reference use cases for artificial 
intelligence systems and criteria for assessing 
safety risk in each such use case.
``(C) Providing to relevant Federal agencies and 
National Institute of Standards and Technology 
laboratories, as appropriate, input and support for 
artificial intelligence risk management regarding 
reliability, robustness, resilience, security, and 
safety-related topics.
``(D) Engaging with, or supporting the engagement 
of the United States Government with, international 
standards organizations, multilateral organizations, 
and organizations and topically relevant bodies among 
allies and partners to support international 
collaboration with respect to activities described in 
this paragraph.
``(E) As appropriate, and in coordination with 
ongoing National Institute of Standards and Technology 
activities, coordinating Federal research, development, 
demonstration, and standards engagement related to 
artificial intelligence reliability, robustness, 
resilience, security, and safety.
``(6) Requirements.--In carrying out the activities 
described in paragraph (5), the Director shall carry out the 
following:
``(A) Support research that assesses and mitigates 
reliability, robustness, resilience, security, and 
safety risks of artificial intelligence systems across 
several timescales, including demonstrable safety risks 
that arise from the use and misuse of such systems.
``(B) Assess scenarios in which such systems could 
be deployed to create risks for economic or national 
security.
``(C) Leverage computing resources, access to open 
datasets, open source software, and other resources 
from industry, the government, nonprofit organizations 
(as such term is defined in section 201 of title 35, 
United States Code), Federal laboratories, and 
institutions of higher education to advance the mission 
of the Center, as appropriate.
``(D) Leverage existing Federal investments to 
advance the mission of the Center.
``(E) Avoid unnecessary duplication with National 
Institute of Standards and Technology laboratory 
activities authorized under section 22A of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278h-1).
``(7) Report.--For each fiscal year beginning with fiscal 
year 2027, not later than 90 days after the President submits a 
budget for such fiscal year pursuant to section 1105 of title 
31, United States Code, the Director shall submit to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report that includes the 
following:
``(A) A summarized budget in support of the Center 
for such fiscal year.
``(B) A description of the goals, priorities, and 
metrics for guiding and evaluating the activities of 
the Center.
``(b) Establishment of Consortium.--
``(1) In general.--The Director shall establish a 
consortium (in this section referred to as the `Consortium') of 
stakeholders from academic or research communities, Federal 
laboratories, private industry, and civil society in matters 
relating to artificial intelligence reliability, robustness, 
resilience, security, and safety to support the following:
``(A) The Center, in carrying out the activities 
specified in subsection (a)(5).
``(B) The National Institute of Standards and 
Technology in carrying out section 22A of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278h-1).
``(2) Goals.--In addition to supporting the Center in 
carrying out activities under subsection (a)(5), the goals of 
the Consortium are the following:
``(A) To evaluate the needs of stakeholders, 
including industry and civil society.
``(B) Identify where gaps remain in the activities 
of the Center, including relating to measurement 
research and support for standards development, and 
provide recommendations to the Center on how to address 
such gaps.
``(3) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of 
the enactment of this section, the Director shall submit to the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report summarizing the 
contributions of the members of the Consortium in support the 
efforts of the Center.
``(c) Scientific Integrity.--The Director shall ensure the Center, 
Consortium, and staff adhere to policies and procedures established 
pursuant to section 1009 of the America COMPETES Act (42 U.S.C. 6620), 
including by providing mechanisms for an employee or associate of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, a member of the 
Consortium, a private sector entity, researcher, or student affiliated 
with the Center or Consortium, an employee of an agency working with 
the Center, or a member of the public to report violations of such 
policies by confidential and anonymous means.
``(d) Security.--This section shall be carried out in accordance 
with the provision of subtitle D of title VI of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.; 
enacted as part of division B of Public Law 117-167) and section 223 of 
the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 2021 (42 U.S.C. 6605).
``(e) Limitation.--Information shared by an entity with, or 
provided to, the Director for the purpose of the activities described 
in this section may not be used by any Federal, State, local, or Tribal 
department or agency to regulate the activity of such entity.
``(f) Prohibitions.--Nothing in this section may be construed to--
``(1) provide the Director any enforcement authority that 
was not in effect on the day before the date of the enactment 
of this section;
``(2) confer any regulatory authority to any Federal, 
State, Tribal, or local department or agency;
``(3) require any private sector entity to share data, 
including proprietary information, with the Director, the 
Center, or the Consortium; or
``(4) modify any regulatory requirement to report or submit 
information to a Federal, State, Tribal or local department or 
agency.
``(g) Sunset.--This section shall terminate on the date that is six 
years after the date of the enactment of this section.
``(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is to be authorized 
to be appropriated to the Director $10,000,000 for fiscal year 2027 to 
carry out this section.''.
(c) Hiring Critical Technical Experts Update.--Subsection (c) of 
section 6 of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 275) is amended by striking ``section (b) shall expire on the 
date that is 5 years'' and inserting ``subsection (b) shall expire on 
the date that is 7 years''.
(d) Clerical Amendments.--The tables of contents in section 2(b) 
and title LIII of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 are amended by inserting after 
the items relating to section 5303 the following new items:

``Sec. 5304. Center for AI Standards and Innovation.''.

Subtitle B--Support for Artificial Intelligence and Other Critical and 
Emerging Technologies by the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology

SEC. 111. DEFINITIONS.

In this subtitle:
(1) Covered artificial intelligence and other critical and 
emerging technologies.--The term ``covered artificial 
intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies'' 
means a subset of artificial intelligence and other critical 
and emerging technologies included in the list of such 
technologies identified and maintained by the National Science 
and Technology Council of the Office of Science and Technology 
Policy as the Director considers appropriate for purposes of 
this subtitle.
(2) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

SEC. 112. UNITED STATES PARTICIPATION IN ORGANIZATIONS DEVELOPING 
STANDARDS AND SPECIFICATIONS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 
AND OTHER CRITICAL AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES.

(a) Briefing Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 1 year after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Director shall provide to 
Congress a briefing to assist in the evaluation and 
identification of opportunities for Federal Government support 
for industry-led efforts in the development of technical 
standards for artificial intelligence and other critical and 
emerging technologies.
(2) Interagency consultation.--In preparing the briefing 
required by paragraph (1), the Director shall consult with the 
heads of such Federal agencies as the Director considers 
relevant.
(3) Elements.--The briefing provided pursuant to paragraph 
(1) shall include the following:
(A) An overview of standards activities relating to 
artificial intelligence and other critical and emerging 
technologies and information about the following:
(i) Key technical standards that are the 
subject of ongoing activity.
(ii) Key standards bodies hosting these 
activities.
(iii) Any Federal agency that is 
participating in these activities.
(B) An analysis identifying where participation by 
United States industry and Federal agencies in 
standards activities in artificial intelligence and 
other critical and emerging technologies would be 
facilitated or enhanced by conducting standards 
meetings hosted in the United States.
(C) Recommendations for effectively informing 
United States industry and Federal agencies on ongoing 
standardization activities with the objective of 
increasing participation of such industry and agencies 
in such activities.
(4) Federal agency notice requirement.--
(A) In general.--Using the mechanism established 
pursuant to subparagraph (B), each head of a Federal 
agency shall transmit to the Director notice of the 
participation of their respective Federal agency in a 
standards activity relating to artificial intelligence 
and other critical and emerging technologies.
(B) Mechanism.--The Director shall, in coordination 
with the Director of the Office of Management and 
Budget, develop a mechanism for reporting participation 
by Federal agencies in standards activities.
(b) Web Portal.--
(1) In general.--In order to inform United States industry 
and Federal agencies about existing and ongoing international 
efforts to develop technical standards for artificial 
intelligence and other critical and emerging technologies and 
opportunities for participation in such efforts, the Director 
shall establish an accessible web portal to help such industry 
and agencies navigate and participate in such efforts.
(2) Contents.--The web portal established pursuant to 
paragraph (1) shall include regularly updated lists of the 
following:
(A) International efforts described in paragraph 
(1) and information on opportunities for participation 
in such efforts.
(B) Information on accessing standards, both in 
development and published, for artificial intelligence 
and other critical and emerging technologies.
(3) Administration.--The Director may inter into such 
cooperative agreements with such nongovernmental organizations 
as the Director considers appropriate to establish the web 
portal required by paragraph (1).

SEC. 113. PILOT PROGRAM TO SUPPORT STANDARDS MEETINGS FOR ARTIFICIAL 
INTELLIGENCE AND OTHER CRITICAL AND EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES 
IN THE UNITED STATES.

(a) Pilot Program Required.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 180 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, and subject to the availability of 
appropriated funds, the Director shall, in coordination with 
the heads of such other Federal agencies as the Director 
considers appropriate, establish a pilot program on supporting 
standards meetings for artificial intelligence and other 
critical and emerging technologies in the United States by 
awarding grants to eligible entities described in subsection 
(b) hosting meetings of organizations described in paragraph 
(1) of such subsection to support the hosting of such meetings 
in the United States.
(2) Administration.--The Director may carry out the pilot 
program required by paragraph (1) by entering into such 
cooperative agreements with such nongovernmental organizations 
as the Director considers appropriate to establish and 
administer the pilot program.
(b) Eligible Entities.--For purposes of the pilot program required 
by subsection (a), an eligible entity is--
(1) an organization that is developing standards and 
specifications for artificial intelligence and other critical 
and emerging technologies for at least 1 technical standard 
that affects the interests of 1 or more Federal agencies; or
(2) an entity that hosts an organization described in 
paragraph (1).
(c) Grants.--
(1) In general.--In carrying out the pilot program required 
by subsection (a), the Director shall award grants to eligible 
entities to host meetings as described in such subsection.
(2) Use of funds.--An eligible entity receiving a grant 
under this subsection to host a meeting in the United States 
may use the amount of the grant for such costs as the Director 
considers reasonable for hosting the meeting in the United 
States, but not more than fifty percent of anticipated cost of 
hosting the meeting and not more than a maximum amount that the 
Director shall establish for purposes of this subsection. Such 
costs may include the following:
(A) Costs related to the preparation and planning 
of meetings described in subsection (a).
(B) Meeting venue-related expenses.
(C) Such other costs that may support the eligible 
entity in conducting a standards meeting in the United 
States.
(3) Considerations.--In deciding whether to award a grant 
under this subsection to an eligible entity to host a meeting, 
the Director may consider the extent to which the eligible 
entity--
(A) is or hosts an organization that administers 
technical standards activity in artificial intelligence 
and other critical and emerging technologies that 
involves United States-based participants, including 
but not limited to participants from Federal agencies 
of the United States;
(B) has a demonstrable history of participating in 
or hosting successful meetings; and
(C) has a stable or growing participant base.
(d) Guidance.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall develop and 
periodically update guidance for the pilot program carried out 
under this section.
(2) Elements.--The guidance developed and updated pursuant 
to paragraph (1) shall cover the following:
(A) Eligibility for grants awarded under the pilot 
program.
(B) How grants are awarded under subsection (c).
(C) The duration and amounts of grants awarded 
under subsection (c).
(D) The merit review process for the pilot program.
(E) Priority areas for technical standards 
activity.
(F) Means for recipients of grants under the pilot 
program to report expenses relating to other costs 
described in subsection (c)(2)(C).
(G) Such additional matters as the Director 
determines appropriate for purposes of the pilot 
program.
(e) Briefings for Congress.--
(1) In general.--During the third year of the pilot program 
carried out under this section and in each subsequent year of 
the pilot program, the Director shall provide Congress with a 
briefing on the pilot program.
(2) Elements.--Each briefing provided pursuant to paragraph 
(1) shall include the following:
(A) An assessment of the effectiveness of the pilot 
program with respect to improving the hosting of 
standards meetings in the United States.
(B) Identification of the recipients of grants 
under the pilot program.
(C) The geographic distribution of attendees at 
meetings supported with grants under the pilot program.
(D) A summary of the expenses for which the amounts 
of grants awarded under the pilot program were used.
(f) Recommendations for Permanent Implementation.--If, before the 
date that is 2 years after the date of the enactment of this Act, the 
Director determines that providing support as described in subsection 
(a) is feasible and advisable, the Director shall, not later than 2 
years after the date of the enactment of this Act--
(1) develop recommendations for such legislative or 
administrative action as the Director considers appropriate to 
establish a permanent implementation of the pilot program; and
(2) submit to Congress the recommendations developed 
pursuant to paragraph (1).
(g) Termination.--The pilot program required by subsection (a)(1) 
shall terminate on the date that is 5 years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.
(h) Authorization of Appropriations.--There is authorized to be 
appropriated to carry out this section $5,000,000 for the period of 
fiscal years 2027 through 2031.

Subtitle C--Research on Development Best Practices by the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology

SEC. 121. RESEARCH ON DEVELOPMENT BEST PRACTICES BY THE NATIONAL 
INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY.

Section 22A of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278h-1) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new 
subsection:
``(h) Assessment of the Practices of Artificial Intelligence 
Development.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology (in this subsection referred to as 
the `Director') shall, subject to the availability of 
appropriations, develop, and periodically update, in 
collaboration with other public and private sector 
organizations, voluntary guidance for practices and guidelines 
relating to the development, release, and assessment of 
artificial intelligence systems. Such guidelines shall satisfy 
the following:
``(A) Define methods and guidelines for developing 
reasonable risk tolerances for various use cases of 
artificial intelligence systems based on the following:
``(i) The risks associated with the 
intended and unintended applications, use 
cases, and outcomes of the artificial 
intelligence system at issue, based on the 
guidelines specified in the voluntary risk 
management framework for trustworthy artificial 
intelligence systems, or successor framework, 
authorized under subsection (c), which may 
include different categories of risk, such as 
the following:
``(I) Security risks, including 
threats to national security.
``(II) Economic risks, including 
threats to economic opportunities.
``(III) Social risks, including 
infringement upon constitutional 
rights, privileges, or liberties.
``(ii) Such other factors as the Director 
determines appropriate and consistent with this 
subsection.
``(B) Categorize and list practices and norms for 
communicating relevant characteristics, including 
robustness, resilience, security, safety, fairness, 
privacy, validation, reliability, accountability, and 
usability, of artificial intelligence systems, and 
including any characteristics identified by the 
voluntary risk management framework for trustworthy 
artificial intelligence systems, or successor 
framework, authorized under subsection (c). Such 
practices and norms may relate to the following:
``(i) Documentation of training and 
evaluation datasets, such as information and 
statistics about a dataset's size, curation, 
annotation, and sources, and the protocols for 
a dataset's selection, creators, provenance, 
processing, augmentation, filters, inclusion of 
personally identifiable information, and 
intellectual property usage.
``(ii) Documentation of model information, 
such as a model's development stages, training 
objectives, training strategies, inference 
objectives, capabilities, reproducibility of 
capabilities, input and output modalities, 
components, size, and architecture.
``(iii) Evaluation of benchmarks for multi-
metric assessments, such as an assessment of an 
appropriate combination of robustness, 
resilience, security, safety, fairness, 
privacy, accuracy, validity, reliability, 
accountability, usability, transparency, 
efficiency, and calibration, and any 
characteristics identified by the voluntary 
risk management framework for trustworthy 
artificial intelligence systems, or successor 
framework, authorized under subsection (c).
``(iv) Metrics and methodologies for 
evaluations of artificial intelligence systems, 
such as establishing evaluation datasets.
``(v) Public reporting of artificial 
intelligence systems' capabilities, 
limitations, and possible areas of appropriate 
and inappropriate use.
``(vi) Disclosure of security practices, 
such as artificial intelligence red teaming and 
third-party assessments, that were used in the 
development of an artificial intelligence 
system.
``(vii) How to release to the public 
components of an artificial intelligence system 
or information about an artificial intelligence 
system, including aspects of the model, 
associated training data, and license 
agreements.
``(viii) Approaches and channels for 
collaboration and knowledge-sharing of best 
practices across industry, governments, civil 
society, and academia.
``(ix) Such other categories as the 
Director determines appropriate and consistent 
with this subsection.
``(C) For each practice and norm categorized and 
listed in accordance with subparagraph (B), provide 
recommendations and practices for utilizing such 
practice or norm.
``(2) Implementation.--In conducting the Director's duties 
under paragraph (1), the Director shall carry out the 
following:
``(A) Update the voluntary risk management 
framework for trustworthy artificial intelligence 
systems, or successor framework, authorized under 
subsection (c) as the Director determines appropriate.
``(B) Ensure that voluntary guidance developed in 
paragraph (1) is based on international standards and 
industry best practices to the extent possible and 
practical.
``(C) Not prescribe or otherwise require the use of 
specific information or communications technology 
products or services.
``(D) Collaborate with public, industry, and 
academic entities as the Director determines 
appropriate, including conducting periodic outreach to 
receive public input from public, industry, and 
academic stakeholders.
``(3) Report.--In conducting the Director's duties under 
paragraph (1), the Director shall, not later than 18 months 
after the date of the enactment of this subsection, brief the 
Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate on the following:
``(A) New or updated materials, programs, or 
systems that were produced as a result of carrying out 
this subsection.
``(B) Policy recommendations of the Director that 
could facilitate and improve communication and 
coordination between the private sector and relevant 
Federal agencies regarding implementing the recommended 
practices identified in this subsection.
``(4) Artificial intelligence red teaming defined.--In this 
subsection, the term `artificial intelligence red teaming' 
means a structured testing of adversarial efforts to find flaws 
and vulnerabilities in an artificial intelligence system and 
identify risks, flaws, and vulnerabilities of artificial 
intelligence systems, such as harmful outputs from such system, 
unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, limitations, and 
potential risks associated with the misuse of such system.''.

TITLE II--BUILD RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE AND SPUR GROUNDBREAKING 
RESEARCH

Subtitle A--National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource

SEC. 201. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH RESOURCE.

(a) NAIRR Steering Subcommittee.--Section 5103 of the William M. 
(Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 
2021 (15 U.S.C. 9413) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
``(e) NAIRR Steering Subcommittee.--
``(1) Definition.--In this subsection, the terms `NAIRR', 
`National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource', 
`Operating Entity', `Program Management Office', and `resources 
of the NAIRR' have the meanings given the terms in section 
5601.
``(2) Establishment.--There is established within the 
Interagency Committee a Steering Subcommittee for the National 
Artificial Intelligence Research Resource (referred to in this 
section as the `NAIRR Steering Subcommittee').
``(3) Chair and assistant chairs.--The NAIRR Steering 
Subcommittee shall be chaired by the Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy. The Director of the Office of 
Science and Technology Policy may establish assistant chairs of 
the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee based on members of the NAIRR 
Steering Subcommittee rotating into the assistant chair 
positions on a predetermined schedule.
``(4) Membership.--The Director of the Office of Science 
and Technology Policy shall select members of the Interagency 
Committee to serve on the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee that the 
Director determines--
``(A) have substantial expertise;
``(B) have substantially funded or conducted 
artificial intelligence research and development; or
``(C) have some other significant relationship with 
the NAIRR.
``(5) Changes to nairr steering subcommittee composition.--
Not less frequently than once a year, the Director of the 
Office of Science and Technology Policy shall review the 
composition of the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and update such 
composition, which may include adding or removing members from 
the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee, if necessary.
``(6) Subcommittees and working groups.--The NAIRR Steering 
Subcommittee may establish subcommittees, working groups, or 
other permanent or temporary bodies of certain members of the 
NAIRR Steering Subcommittee.
``(7) Duties.--The NAIRR Steering Subcommittee shall--
``(A) coordinate with the National Science 
Foundation and the Program Management Office to--
``(i) oversee and approve the operating 
plan for the NAIRR;
``(ii) review the budget for the NAIRR;
``(iii) develop and release a request for 
proposals to solicit bids for the Operating 
Entity, including establishing the terms and 
conditions and functions of the Operating 
Entity; and
``(iv) develop and release funding 
opportunities for resources of the NAIRR;
``(B) work with the Program Management Office to 
establish criteria for the Operating Entity, review 
candidates, and select an entity to act as the 
Operating Entity;
``(C) identify resources that could be federated, 
participate in resource provider selection and funding, 
and provide direction to the Operating Entity about 
resource allocation and how those resources should be 
made accessible via the NAIRR;
``(D) define key performance indicators for the 
NAIRR, in conjunction with the Program Management 
Office and any relevant Advisory Committees established 
under section 5602(c);
``(E) evaluate NAIRR performance against the key 
performance indicators defined under subparagraph (D) 
on a periodic basis and not less frequently than once 
every year;
``(F) develop an annual report, transmitted to the 
Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy 
and publicly released, on the progress of the National 
Artificial Intelligence Research Resource that 
includes--
``(i) a summary of the results of the 
evaluation conducted under subparagraph (E); 
and
``(ii) any recommendations for changes to 
the NAIRR; and
``(G) oversee a periodic independent assessment of 
the NAIRR.
``(8) Provision of resources of the nairr.--Each agency 
comprising the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee is authorized to 
provide the Operating Entity with resources of the NAIRR or 
funding for resources of the NAIRR.''.
(b) In General.--The National Artificial Intelligence Initiative 
Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end 
the following:

``TITLE LVI--NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH RESOURCE

``Sec. 5601. Definitions.
``Sec. 5602. Establishment; governance.
``Sec. 5603. Resources of the NAIRR.
``Sec. 5604. NAIRR processes and procedures.
``Sec. 5605. NAIRR funding.

``SEC. 5601. DEFINITIONS.

``In this title:
``(1) Advisory committee.--The term `Advisory Committee' 
means any Advisory Committee established under section 5602(c).
``(2) AI testbed.--The term `AI testbed' means a testbed 
described in section 22A(g) of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h-1(g)).
``(3) Executive agency.--The term `Executive agency' has 
the meaning given such term in section 105 of title 5, United 
States Code.
``(4) National artificial intelligence research resource; 
nairr.--The terms `National Artificial Intelligence Research 
Resource' and `NAIRR' have the meaning given the term `National 
Artificial Intelligence Research Resource' in section 5106(g).
``(5) Operating entity.--The term `Operating Entity' means 
the Operating Entity selected by the Program Management Office 
as described in section 5602(b)(3)(A).
``(6) Program management office.--The term `Program 
Management Office' means the Program Management Office 
established under section 5602(b).
``(7) Resource of the nairr.--The term `resource of the 
NAIRR' means a resource described in section 5603(b).
``(8) NAIRR steering subcommittee.--The term `NAIRR 
Steering Subcommittee' means the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee 
established under section 5103(e).
``(9) STEM.--The term `STEM' means science, technology, 
engineering, and mathematics, including computer science.

``SEC. 5602. ESTABLISHMENT; GOVERNANCE.

``(a) Establishment.--Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this section, the Director of the National Science 
Foundation, in coordination with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee, shall 
establish the National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource to--
``(1) spur innovation and advance the development of 
artificial intelligence to stimulate cutting-edge research and 
propel the strategic development of artificial intelligence 
capabilities;
``(2) improve access to artificial intelligence resources 
for researchers and students of artificial intelligence;
``(3) improve capacity for artificial intelligence research 
in the United States; and
``(4) support the testing, benchmarking, and evaluation of 
artificial intelligence systems developed and deployed in the 
United States.
``(b) Program Management Office.--
``(1) Establishment.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall establish within the National Science 
Foundation a Program Management Office to oversee the day-to-
day functions of the NAIRR and shall appoint an individual to 
head the Program Management Office.
``(2) Staff.--
``(A) In general.--The head of the Program 
Management Office may identify staff and direct all 
employees of the Program Management Office, in 
accordance with the applicable provisions of title 5, 
United States Code.
``(B) Representation and requirements.--The staff 
of the Program Management Office--
``(i) may include representation from other 
Federal agencies providing support for NAIRR 
resources; and
``(ii) shall include not fewer than three 
full-time employees.
``(3) Duties.--The duties of the Program Management Office 
shall include--
``(A) in coordination with the NAIRR Steering 
Subcommittee and any relevant Advisory Committee as 
appropriate--
``(i) developing the funding opportunity 
and soliciting bids for the Operating Entity, 
which will be responsible for operation of the 
National Artificial Intelligence Research 
Resource;
``(ii) selecting, through a competitive and 
transparent process, a nongovernmental 
organization, which may be an independent legal 
entity or a consortium of 1 or more partners 
(which may include federally funded research 
and development centers), to be designated the 
Operating Entity;
``(iii) overseeing compliance with the 
contractual obligations of the Operating 
Entity;
``(iv) establishing evaluation criteria for 
the NAIRR;
``(v) overseeing asset allocation and 
utilization;
``(vi) identifying an external independent 
evaluation entity;
``(vii) assessing the performance of the 
Operating Entity on not less than an annual 
basis and, if such performance is 
unsatisfactory, ending the agreement with such 
Operating Entity and selecting a new Operating 
Entity in accordance with clause (ii);
``(viii) developing multi-agency funding 
opportunities for the selection of NAIRR 
resources; and
``(ix) coordinating resource contributions 
from participating Federal agencies; and
``(B) delegating, with appropriate oversight, 
operational tasks to the Operating Entity, including--
``(i) coordinating the provisioning of 
resources of the NAIRR;
``(ii) maintaining a portal and associated 
services for users to access resources of the 
NAIRR;
``(iii) developing policies and procedures 
for the NAIRR;
``(iv) hiring and managing a staff 
(including experts in cyber infrastructure 
management, data science, research design, 
privacy, ethics, and legal and policy matters) 
to support the operations of the NAIRR;
``(v) continually modernizing NAIRR 
infrastructure;
``(vi) recommending key performance 
indicators for the NAIRR, in coordination with 
the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and any 
relevant Advisory Committee;
``(vii) publishing publicly available 
annual reports reviewing the performance of the 
NAIRR, the resources of the NAIRR, and the 
NAIRR governance structures;
``(viii) establishing and administering 
training to new users on accessing a resource 
of the NAIRR, research design, and issues 
related to privacy, ethics, safety, and 
trustworthiness of artificial intelligence 
systems;
``(ix) facilitating connections to AI 
testbeds; and
``(x) making educational resources of the 
NAIRR available to other Federal agencies, and 
to Congress, for the purpose of educating 
Federal Government officials and employees 
about artificial intelligence.
``(c) Advisory Committees.--The head of the Program Management 
Office, acting through the Director of the Operating Entity, shall 
establish Advisory Committees to provide advice to the Operating Entity 
and the Program Management Office. Any such Advisory Committees shall 
be comprised of members from government agencies, the private sector, 
academia, and public interest groups. Chapter 10 of title 5, United 
States Code, shall not apply to any such Advisory Committee.

``SEC. 5603. RESOURCES OF THE NAIRR.

``(a) In General.--The head of the Program Management Office, 
acting through the Director of the Operating Entity and in coordination 
with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and any relevant Advisory 
Committee, shall--
``(1) coordinate and provision resources of the NAIRR;
``(2) establish processes to manage the procurement of new 
resources of the NAIRR, and intake of in-kind contribution of 
resources of the NAIRR, from Federal agencies or other 
entities;
``(3) establish policies on and review resources of the 
NAIRR for concerns related to ethics and privacy;
``(4) retire resources of the NAIRR no longer available or 
needed; and
``(5) publicly report a summary of categories of available 
resources of the NAIRR, categories of sources of such resources 
of the NAIRR, and issues related to resources of the NAIRR.
``(b) Resources of the NAIRR.--The NAIRR shall offer resources that 
include, at a minimum, all of the following, subject to the 
availability of appropriations:
``(1) A mix of computational resources, including--
``(A) on-premises, cloud-based, hybrid, and 
emergent resources;
``(B) public cloud providers providing access to 
popular computational and storage services for NAIRR 
users;
``(C) an open source software environment for the 
NAIRR;
``(D) an application programming interface 
providing structured access to artificial intelligence 
models; and
``(E) other types of computational resources.
``(2) Data, including by--
``(A)(i) in coordination with the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology and consistent 
with the guidance of the National Science and 
Technology Council titled `Desirable Characteristics of 
Data Repositories for Federally Funded Data,' dated May 
2022, or any successor document, publishing 
interoperability standards for data repositories based 
on the data sharing and documentation standards and 
guidelines produced under section 22A of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 
278h-1); and
``(ii) selecting and developing, through a 
competitive bidding process, data repositories to be 
available to NAIRR users;
``(B) establishing acceptable criteria for datasets 
used as resources of the NAIRR;
``(C) identifying and providing access to existing 
curated datasets of value and interest to the NAIRR 
user community;
``(D) establishing an artificial intelligence open 
data commons to facilitate community sharing and 
curation of data, code, and models;
``(E) coordinating with the Interagency Council on 
Statistical Policy to explore options to make Federal 
statistical data available to NAIRR users, including 
through the standard application process established 
under section 3583(a) of title 44, United States Code; 
and
``(F) other types of computational resources.
``(3) Educational tools and services, including by--
``(A) facilitating and curating educational and 
training materials;
``(B) providing technical training and user 
support; and
``(C) providing targeted outreach and programming 
strategies to increase participation in STEM fields.
``(4) AI testbeds, including by--
``(A) in coordination with the National Institute 
of Standards and Technology, facilitating access to 
artificial intelligence testbeds through which 
researchers can measure, benchmark, test, or evaluate 
engineering or algorithmic developments; and
``(B) developing a comprehensive catalog of open AI 
testbeds.

``SEC. 5604. NAIRR PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES.

``(a) User Eligibility.--
``(1) Eligible users.--Subject to paragraph (3), the 
following users shall be eligible for access to the NAIRR:
``(A) A researcher, educator, or student based in 
the United States that is affiliated with an entity 
described in paragraph (2).
``(B) An employee of an entity described in clause 
(iii) or (iv) of paragraph (2)(B) with a demonstrable 
mission-need.
``(2) Entities described.--An entity described in this 
paragraph is an entity that satisfies the following:
``(A) Is based in the United States.
``(B) Is one of the following:
``(i) An institution of higher education.
``(ii) A nonprofit institution (as such 
term is defined in section 4 of the Stevenson-
Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 
U.S.C. 3703)).
``(iii) An Executive agency.
``(iv) A federally funded research and 
development center.
``(v) A small business concern (as such 
term is defined in section 3 of the Small 
Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632), notwithstanding 
section 121.103 of title 13, Code of Federal 
Regulations) that has received funding from an 
Executive agency, including through the Small 
Business Innovation Research Program or the 
Small Business Technology Transfer Program (as 
described in section 9 of the Small Business 
Act (15 U.S.C. 638)).
``(vi) A category of entity that the 
Director of the National Science Foundation and 
the Director of the Office of Science and 
Technology Policy, after consultation with the 
NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and any relevant 
Advisory Committee, determine shall be 
eligible.
``(vii) A consortium composed of entities 
described in clauses (i) through (vi).
``(3) Excluded entities.--
``(A) In general.--No individual is authorized to 
be an eligible user under paragraph (1) if the 
individual is employed by a foreign country that is 
listed in section 4872(f)(2) of title 10, United States 
Code, or is otherwise authorized by such country to act 
for or on its behalf.
``(B) Enforcement.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall ensure that individuals 
authorized as eligible users meet the requirements of 
subparagraph (A).
``(b) Privacy, Ethics, Civil Rights and Civil Liberties, Safety, 
and Trustworthiness.--
``(1) In general.--
``(A) Requirements.--The head of the Program 
Management Office, acting through the Director of the 
Operating Entity and in consultation with any relevant 
Advisory Committee, shall establish requirements, a 
review process for applications, and a process for 
auditing resources of the NAIRR and research conducted 
using resources of the NAIRR on matters related to 
privacy, ethics, safety, security, and trustworthiness 
of artificial intelligence systems developed using 
resources of the NAIRR.
``(B) Federal statistical data.--Any auditing 
process required under subparagraph (A) for Federal 
statistical data included in a resource of the NAIRR 
shall be completed by the head of a designated 
statistical agency (as defined in section 3576(e) of 
title 44, United States Code), in coordination with the 
Chief Statistician of the United States, consistent 
with relevant law.
``(2) Consistency.--The head of the Program Management 
Office shall ensure the requirements and processes described in 
paragraph (1) are consistent with the policies of the Office of 
Management and Budget policy and relevant policies of other 
Executive agencies. The head of the Program Management Office 
shall coordinate with the Senior Agency Official for Privacy 
and the General Counsel of the National Science Foundation in 
ensuring compliance with applicable privacy law and policy and 
Federal laws and regulations.
``(3) Availability.--The head of the Program Management 
Office, acting through the Director of the Operating Entity, 
shall--
``(A) when determining access to computational 
resources of the NAIRR, take into consideration the 
extent to which the access relates to privacy, ethics, 
safety, security, risk mitigation, and trustworthiness 
of artificial intelligence systems, or other topics 
that demonstrate that a project is in the public 
interest;
``(B) ensure that a significant percentage of the 
annual allotment of computational resources of the 
NAIRR is provided to projects the primary focus of 
which is related to any of the topics described in 
subparagraph (A); and
``(C) to the extent that demand for access to 
computational resources of the NAIRR exceeds 
availability, consider, on a priority basis, projects 
focusing on any of the topics described in subparagraph 
(A) when ranking applications for such access.
``(c) Scientific Integrity.--
``(1) In general.--The head of the Program Management 
Office, acting through the Director of the Operating Entity and 
in consultation with any relevant Advisory Committee, shall 
develop guidance for--
``(A) addressing concerns related to matters of 
scientific integrity, including matters related to the 
effects or impacts of research and potential research 
enabled by the NAIRR; and
``(B) mechanisms for an employee of the Operating 
Entity, an employee of the Program Management Office, a 
member of the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee or an 
Advisory Committee, a researcher or student affiliated 
with a NAIRR user described in subsection (a)(1), an 
employee of a provider of a resource of the NAIRR, an 
employee of a NAIRR funding agency, or a member of the 
public to report violations of the guidance developed 
under this paragraph, including by confidential and 
anonymous means.
``(2) Consistency with government policies on scientific 
integrity.--The guidance developed under paragraph (1)(A) shall 
be published in a publicly accessible location on the website 
of the NAIRR. Such policies shall, to the degree practicable, 
be consistent with--
``(A) the Presidential memorandum entitled 
`Restoring Trust in Government Through Scientific 
Integrity and Evidence-Based Policymaking', dated 
January 27, 2021, or successor document; and
``(B) reports produced pursuant to such 
Presidential memorandum (including the reports entitled 
`Protecting the Integrity of Government Science', dated 
January 2022, and `A Framework for Federal Scientific 
Integrity Policy and Practice', dated January 2023, 
published by the National Science and Technology 
Council, or successor documents).
``(d) System Security and User Access Controls.--The head of the 
Program Management Office, acting through the Director of the Operating 
Entity and in consultation with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee, the 
Director of the Office of Management and Budget, the Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the Director of the 
Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency--
``(1) shall establish minimum security requirements for all 
persons interacting with the NAIRR, consistent with the most 
recent version of the Cybersecurity Framework, or successor 
document, maintained by the National Institute of Standards and 
Technology; and
``(2) may establish tiers of security requirements and user 
access controls beyond the minimum requirements relative to 
security risks.
``(e) Fee Schedule.--The head of the Program Management Office, 
acting through the Director of the Operating Entity, may establish a 
fee schedule for access to the NAIRR. Fees charged under this 
subsection may be retained and used for the purposes of this title. The 
Operating Entity may only charge fees in such fee schedule. Such fee 
schedule--
``(1) may differ by type of eligible user and type of 
affiliated entity described in subsection (a);
``(2) shall include a free tier of access based on 
appropriated funds and anticipated costs and demand;
``(3) may include cost-based charges for eligible users to 
purchase resources of the NAIRR beyond the resources included 
in a free or subsidized tier; and
``(4) shall ensure that the primary purpose of the NAIRR is 
to support research.
``(f) Research Security.--The head of the Program Management 
Office, acting through the Director of the Operating Entity and in 
consultation with the NAIRR Steering Subcommittee and the Director of 
the Office of Science and Technology Policy, shall--
``(1) ensure conformance with the requirements of National 
Security Presidential Memorandum-33 (relating to supported 
research and development national policy), issued January 2021, 
and its implementation guidance on research security and 
research integrity, or any successor policy document or 
guidance, by establishing NAIRR operating principles that 
emphasize the research integrity principles of openness, 
reciprocity, and transparency; and
``(2) designate a member of the leadership team for the 
Operating Entity as a research security point of contact with 
responsibility for overseeing conformance with the National 
Security Presidential Memorandum-33 and its implementation 
guidance, or any successor policy document or guidance.

``SEC. 5605. NAIRR FUNDING.

``To carry out this title, to the maximum extent practicable, the 
NAIRR is authorized to accept and use donations of cash, services, and 
personal property from the private sector.''.
(c) Conforming Amendments.--The table of contents in section 2(b) 
of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act 
for Fiscal Year 2021 (Public Law 116-283; 134 Stat. 3388) is amended by 
inserting after the items relating to title LV the following:

``TITLE LVI--NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH RESOURCE

``Sec. 5601. Definitions.
``Sec. 5602. Establishment; governance.
``Sec. 5603. Resources of the NAIRR.
``Sec. 5604. NAIRR processes and procedures.
``Sec. 5605. NAIRR funding.''.

Subtitle B--National Artificial Intelligence Research Resource Pilot 
Program

SEC. 211. NATIONAL ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH RESOURCE PILOT 
PROGRAM.

(a) Partnerships.--As part of the National Artificial Intelligence 
Research Resource pilot program (in this section referred to as the 
``Program''), the Director of the National Science Foundation (in this 
section referred to as the ``Director'') shall partner with leading 
technology companies to increase access to world-class private sector 
computing, models, data, and software resources in the research 
community.
(b) Connection.--The Director shall ensure the Program is 
operationally capable of connecting researchers and educators in the 
United States to critical AI resources.

Subtitle C--Prize Competitions for Artificial Intelligence Research and 
Development

SEC. 221. PRIZE COMPETITIONS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH AND 
DEVELOPMENT.

(a) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Director.--Except as otherwise expressly provided, the 
term ``Director'' means the Director of the National Science 
Foundation.
(2) Nonprofit organization.--The term ``nonprofit 
organization'' has the meaning given such term in section 201 
of title 35, United States Code.
(b) Establishment of Program.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 12 months after the date of 
enactment of this Act, the Director, in coordination with the 
Interagency Committee established under section 5103 of the 
National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 
U.S.C. 9413), shall establish a program (in this section 
referred to as the ``AI Grand Challenges Program'') to award 
prizes, utilizing the authorities and processes established 
under section 24 of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation 
Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 3719), to eligible participants as 
determined by the Director pursuant to subsection (e) to 
stimulate artificial intelligence research, development, and 
commercialization that solves or advances specific, well-
defined, and measurable grand challenges in 1 or more of the 
following categories:
(A) National security.
(B) Cybersecurity.
(C) Health.
(D) Energy.
(E) Environment.
(F) Transportation.
(G) Agriculture and rural development.
(H) Education and workforce training.
(I) Manufacturing.
(J) Space and aerospace.
(K) Quantum computing, including molecular modeling 
and simulation.
(L) Materials science.
(M) Supply chain resilience.
(N) Disaster preparedness.
(O) Natural resources management.
(P) Cross cutting challenges in artificial 
intelligence, including robustness, interpretability, 
explainability, transparency, safety, privacy, content 
provenance, and bias mitigation.
(2) Rotators.--Participants in the Rotator Program of the 
National Science Foundation may support the development and 
implementation of the AI Grand Challenges Program.
(c) Grand Challenges Selection and Grand Challenges Information.--
(1) In general.--
(A) Consultation on identification and selection.--
The Director shall consult with the Director of the 
Office of Science and Technology Policy, the Director 
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, 
the Director of the Defense Advanced Research Projects 
Agency, the heads of relevant Federal agencies, and the 
National Artificial Intelligence Advisory Committee to 
identify and select artificial intelligence research 
and development grand challenges in which eligible 
participants will compete to solve or advance for prize 
awards under subsection (b).
(B) Public input on identification.--The Director 
shall also seek public input on the identification of 
artificial intelligence research and development grand 
challenges.
(2) Problem statements; success metrics.--For each grand 
challenge selected under paragraph (1) and the grand challenge 
under paragraph (3), the Director shall--
(A) establish a specific and well-defined grand 
challenge problem statement and ensure that such 
problem statement is published on the National Science 
Foundation website linking out to relevant prize 
competition listings on the website Challenge.gov that 
is managed by the General Services Administration; and
(B) establish and publish on the website 
Challenge.gov clear targets, success metrics, and 
validation protocols for the prize competitions 
designed to address each grand challenge, in order to 
provide specific benchmarks that will be used to 
evaluate submissions to the prize competition.
(3) Grand challenge for artificial intelligence-enabled 
cancer breakthroughs.--
(A) Required prize competition.--Not later than 1 
year after the date of enactment of this Act, the 
Director, in consultation with the Director of the 
Office of Science and Technology Policy and the 
Director of the National Institutes of Health, shall 
establish not less than 1 grand challenge in which 
eligible participants will compete in a prize 
competition to solve or advance solutions for prize 
awards under subsection (b) that seek to advance 
medical breakthroughs to address 1 or more of the most 
lethal forms of cancer and related comorbidities. The 
grand challenge shall relate to detection, diagnostics, 
treatments, therapeutics, or other innovations in 
artificial intelligence to increase the total quality-
adjusted life years of those affected or likely to be 
affected by cancer.
(B) Prize amount.--In carrying out the prize 
competition under subparagraph (A), the Director shall 
award not less than $10,000,000 in cash prize awards to 
each winner.
(4) Ambitious and achievable goals.--Grand challenges 
selected under paragraph (1) and the grand challenge under 
paragraph (3) shall be ambitious but achievable goals that 
utilize science, technology, and innovation to solve or advance 
solutions to problems to benefit the United States.
(d) Additional Consultation.--The Director may consult with, and 
incorporate effective practices from, other entities that have 
developed successful large-scale technology demonstration prize 
competitions, including the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, 
the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, other Federal 
agencies, private sector enterprises, and nonprofit organizations, in 
the development and implementation of the AI Grand Challenges Program 
and related prize competitions, including on the requirements under 
subsection (e).
(e) Requirements.--
(1) In general.--The Director shall develop requirements 
for--
(A) the prize competition process, including 
eligibility criteria for participants, consistent with 
the requirements under paragraph (2); and
(B) testing, judging, and verification procedures 
for submissions to receive a prize award under the AI 
Grand Challenges Program.
(2) Eligibility requirement and judging.--
(A) Eligibility.--In accordance with the 
requirement described in section 24(g)(3) of the 
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 
U.S.C. 3719(g)(3)), a recipient of a prize award under 
the AI Grand Challenges Program--
(i) that is a private entity shall be 
incorporated in and maintain a primary place of 
business in the United States; and
(ii) who is an individual, whether 
participating singly or in a group, shall be a 
citizen or permanent resident of the United 
States.
(B) Judges.--In accordance with section 24(k) of 
the Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 
(15 U.S.C. 3719(k)), a judge of a prize competition 
under the AI Grand Challenges Program may be an 
individual from the private sector.
(f) Prize Amount.--
(1) In general.--In carrying out the AI Grand Challenges 
Program, the Director--
(A) shall award not less than $1,000,000 in cash 
prize awards to each winner of the prize competitions, 
except as provided in subsection (c)(3); and
(B) may also utilize non-cash awards.
(2) Larger awards.--The Director may award prizes under the 
AI Grand Challenges Program that are more than $50,000,000, 
pursuant to the requirements under section 24(m)(4)(A) of the 
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3719(m)(4)(A)).
(g) Funding.--
(1) In general.--In accordance with section 24(m)(1) of the 
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3719(m)(1)), the Director may request and accept funds from 
other Federal agencies, State, United States territory, local, 
or Tribal government agencies, for-profit entities, and 
nonprofit organizations to support the AI Grand Challenges 
Program.
(2) Prohibition on consideration for support.--The Director 
may not consider any support provided by an agency or entity 
under paragraph (1) in determining the winners of prize awards 
under subsection (b).
(h) Reports.--
(1) Notification of winning submission.--Not later than 60 
days after the date on which a prize is awarded under the AI 
Grand Challenges Program, the Director shall submit to the 
Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the 
Senate, the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives, and other relevant committees of 
Congress a report that describes the winning submission to the 
prize competition and its benefits to the United States.
(2) Biennial report.--
(A) In general.--Not later than 2 years after the 
date of enactment of this Act, and biennially 
thereafter, the Director shall submit to the Committee 
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate, 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of the 
House of Representatives, and other relevant committees 
of Congress a report that includes--
(i) a description of the activities carried 
out under this Act;
(ii) a description of the active 
competitions and the results of completed 
competitions under the AI Grand Challenges 
Program; and
(iii) efforts to provide information to the 
public about the AI Grand Challenges Program to 
encourage participation.
(B) Public accessibility.--The Director shall make 
the biennial report required under subparagraph (A) 
publicly accessible, including by posting the biennial 
report on the website of the National Science 
Foundation in an easily accessible location.
(i) Accessibility.--In carrying out the AI Grand Challenges 
Program, the Director shall post the active prize competitions and 
available prize awards under subsection (b) to Challenge.gov after the 
grand challenges are selected and the prize competitions are designed 
pursuant to subsections (c) and (e) to ensure the prize competitions 
are widely accessible to eligible participants.

Subtitle D--Grants to Perform Research Regarding the Use of Generative 
Artificial Intelligence in Health Care

SEC. 231. GRANTS TO PERFORM RESEARCH REGARDING THE USE OF GENERATIVE 
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTH CARE.

(a) In General.--The Director of the National Institutes of Health 
shall establish a grant program to award grants to eligible entities to 
perform research regarding the use of generative artificial 
intelligence in health care.
(b) Permissible Research.--Research funded pursuant to a grant 
under this section may include research regarding the use of generative 
artificial intelligence to--
(1) improve the ability of health care practitioners to 
record comprehensive notes or ask medically relevant questions 
during an appointment with a patient;
(2) reduce the administrative or documentation burden on 
clinicians;
(3) expedite the health insurance claims process;
(4) improve the efficiency and quality of customer service 
in the health care sector; or
(5) otherwise improve health care, as determined 
appropriate by the Director of the National Institutes of 
Health.
(c) Priority.--In awarding grants under this section, the Director 
of the National Institutes of Health shall give priority to eligible 
entities that--
(1) encourage the adoption and deployment of generative 
artificial intelligence across the health care sector;
(2) invest in workforce development of clinicians and 
administrators;
(3) mitigate burnout in the health care workforce; or
(4) improve the availability of patient care for members of 
a medically underserved population.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial 
intelligence'' has the meaning given such term in section 5002 
of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 
(15 U.S.C. 9401).
(2) Eligible entity.--The term ``eligible entity'' means--
(A) an institution of higher education (as such 
term is defined in section 101 of the Higher Education 
Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1001));
(B) an organization described in subsection (c)(3) 
of section 501 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and 
exempt from tax under subsection (a) of such section; 
or
(C) an agency of--
(i) the Federal Government;
(ii) a State;
(iii) a unit of local government; or
(iv) an Indian Tribe.
(3) Generative artificial intelligence.--The term 
``generative artificial intelligence'' means artificial 
intelligence that, in response to a prompt, uses data to 
produce text, media, computer code, or other content.
(4) Medically underserved population.--The term ``medically 
underserved population'' has the meaning given such term in 
section 330(b) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
254b(b)).

Subtitle E--Department of Agriculture and National Science Foundation 
Research and Development Coordination

SEC. 241. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION 
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT COORDINATION.

(a) In General.--The Secretary of Agriculture (in this section 
referred to as the ``Secretary'') and the Director of the National 
Science Foundation (in this section referred to as the ``Director'') 
shall carry out cross-cutting and collaborative research and 
development activities focused on the joint advancement of Department 
of Agriculture and National Science Foundation mission requirements and 
priorities.
(b) Memoranda of Understanding.--The Secretary and the Director 
shall coordinate the activities under subsection (a) through the 
establishment of memoranda of understanding or other appropriate 
interagency agreements. Such memoranda or agreements, as the case may 
be, shall require the use of a competitive, merit review process, as 
appropriate. Such activities may include components proposed by Federal 
agencies, institutions of higher education, non-profit institutions, 
and other appropriate entities, as determined appropriate under the 
memoranda or agreements.
(c) Coordination.--In carrying out the activities under subsection 
(a), the Secretary and the Director may--
(1) conduct collaborative research in a variety of focus 
areas, such as--
(A) plant, animal, and microbial biology relevant 
to agricultural challenges;
(B) food and nutrition security;
(C) rural economic revitalization;
(D) cyber-physical systems;
(E) smart and connected communities;
(F) advanced sensors and models of soil and plant 
processes;
(G) nano-biosensing and analytical technologies to 
improve food safety, water quality, biosecurity, plant 
and animal diseases, and soil health;
(H) monitoring of food- or water-borne pathogens, 
allergens, and accidental, natural, or intentional bio- 
or chemical contaminants;
(I) key emerging technology areas such as 
artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, 
robotics, digital agriculture, and information and 
communication technology for agricultural uses;
(J) development and testing of new precision 
agriculture tools; and
(K) workforce needs, education, and development;
(2) promote collaboration, open community-based 
development, and data and information sharing between Federal 
agencies, institutions of higher education, community colleges, 
area career and technical education schools, nonprofit 
institutions, and other appropriate entities by providing the 
necessary access and secure data and information transfer 
capabilities;
(3) support research infrastructure, including new 
facilities, equipment and broadband deployment, as the 
Secretary and Director determine necessary;
(4) develop translational technologies for commercial 
utilization;
(5) organize education, training, and research initiatives 
relating to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics 
(STEM) education and workforce development, which may include--
(A) activities supported by the Cooperative 
Extension System;
(B) industrial partnership programs;
(C) workshops for educating preschool through grade 
12 teachers on how to increase agricultural literacy;
(D) development of agricultural-based science 
curricula for kindergarten through grade 12 students; 
and
(E) distribution of resources for educators to 
implement curricula, such as the workshops developed 
under subparagraph (C);
(6) award grants to institutions of higher education, 
community colleges, area career and technical education 
schools, or eligible nonprofit institutions (or consortia 
thereof), to establish a Center for Agricultural Research, 
Education, and Workforce Development; and
(7) facilitate relationships between public and private 
entities to carry out the activities specified in paragraphs 
(1) through (6) upon the termination of any agreement entered 
into under subsection (b).
(d) Agreements.--In carrying out the activities under subsection 
(a), the Secretary and the Director are authorized to--
(1) carry out reimbursable agreements between the 
Department of Agriculture, the National Science Foundation, and 
other entities in order to maximize the effectiveness of 
research and development; and
(2) collaborate with other Federal agencies, as 
appropriate.
(e) Report.--Not later than two years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the appropriate committees of Congress, a report 
detailing the following:
(1) Interagency coordination between each Federal agency 
involved in the research and development activities carried out 
under this section.
(2) Potential opportunities to expand the technical 
capabilities of the Department of Agriculture and the National 
Science Foundation.
(3) Collaborative research achievements.
(4) Areas of future mutually beneficial successes.
(5) Continuation of coordination activities between the 
Department of Agriculture and the National Science Foundation.
(f) Research Security.--The activities authorized under this 
section shall be applied in a manner consistent with subtitle D of 
title VI of the Research and Development, Competition, and Innovation 
Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.; enacted as part of division B of Public 
Law 117-167).
(g) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate committees of congress.--The term 
``appropriate committees of Congress'' means each of the 
following committees:
(A) The Committee on Agriculture of the House of 
Representatives.
(B) The Committee on Science, Space, and Technology 
of the House of Representatives.
(C) The Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate.
(D) The Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and 
Forestry of the Senate.
(2) Area career and technical education school.--The term 
``area career and technical education school'' has the meaning 
given such term in section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career and 
Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 U.S.C. 2302).
(3) Community college.--The term ``community college'' has 
the meaning given such term in section 3167B of the Energy 
Science Education Enhancement Act (42 U.S.C. 7381c-3).
(4) Institution of higher education.--The term 
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such 
term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1001).

Subtitle F--Department of Energy Artificial Intelligence Research 
Program

SEC. 251. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH 
PROGRAM.

(a) In General.--Title LV of the National Artificial Intelligence 
Initiative Act of 2020 (Public Law 116-283) is amended to read as 
follows:

``TITLE LV--DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH 
PROGRAM

``Sec. 5501. Department of Energy artificial intelligence research 
program.
``Sec. 5502. Ensuring energy security for data centers and computing 
resources.

``SEC. 5501. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH 
PROGRAM.

``(a) In General.--The Secretary shall carry out a cross-cutting 
research and development program to advance artificial intelligence 
tools, systems, capabilities, and workforce needs and develop 
artificial intelligence capabilities for the purposes of advancing the 
missions of the Department (in this section referred to as the 
`program'). In carrying out such program, the Secretary shall 
coordinate across all relevant offices and programs of the Department, 
including the Office of Science, the Office of Energy Efficiency and 
Renewable Energy, the Office of Nuclear Energy, the Office of Fossil 
Energy, the Office of Electricity, the Office of Cybersecurity, Energy 
Security, Emergency Response, and the Advanced Research Projects 
Agency-Energy.
``(b) Research Areas.--In carrying out the program, the Secretary 
shall award financial assistance to eligible entities to carry out 
research projects on topics including the following:
``(1) The application of artificial intelligence systems to 
improve large-scale simulations of natural and other phenomena.
``(2) The study of applied mathematics, computer science, 
and statistics, including foundations of methods and systems of 
artificial intelligence, causal and statistical inference, and 
the development of algorithms for artificial intelligence 
systems.
``(3) The analysis of existing and new large-scale datasets 
from science and engineering experiments and simulations, 
including energy simulations and sponsored research activities, 
and, as determined by the Secretary, other priorities of the 
Department that utilize artificial intelligence tools and 
techniques.
``(4) The development of operation and control systems that 
enhance automated, intelligent decision-making capabilities.
``(5) The development of advanced computing hardware and 
computer architecture tailored to artificial intelligence 
systems, including the following:
``(A) The codesign of software and computational 
hardware.
``(B) Energy-efficient computing hardware and 
algorithms for artificial intelligence training and 
inference.
``(C) Mechanisms to improve the energy efficiency 
of data centers, including relevant energy efficiency 
benchmarks for such centers.
``(6) The aggregation, curation, and distribution of 
standardized datasets for emerging artificial intelligence 
research fields and applications, including methods for 
addressing data scarcity.
``(7) The development of advanced artificial intelligence 
systems for pressing scientific, energy, and national security 
applications.
``(8) The development of trustworthy artificial 
intelligence systems, including the following:
``(A) Algorithmic explainability.
``(B) Analytical methods for identifying and 
mitigating bias in artificial intelligence systems.
``(C) Safety and robustness, including assurance, 
verification, validation, security, and control.
``(c) Technology Transfer.--In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary shall support technology transfer of artificial intelligence 
systems for the benefit of society and United States economic 
competitiveness.
``(d) Facility Use and Upgrades.--In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary shall carry out the following:
``(1) Make available high-performance computing 
infrastructure at National Laboratories for the development and 
use of advanced artificial intelligence systems.
``(2) Make any upgrades necessary to enhance the use of 
existing computing facilities for artificial intelligence 
systems, including upgrades to hardware and other resources 
necessary for developing, training, and evaluating advanced 
artificial intelligence technologies.
``(3) Establish new computing capabilities necessary to 
manage data and conduct high performance computing that enables 
the development and use of advanced artificial intelligence 
systems.
``(4) Maintain and improve, as needed, networking 
infrastructure, data input and output mechanisms, and data 
analysis, storage, and service capabilities.
``(5) Facilitate the development of unclassified and 
classified high-performance computing systems and artificial 
intelligence platforms through Department-owned infrastructure 
data and computing facilities.
``(6) Provide other resources necessary for the Department 
to develop, train, and evaluate advanced artificial 
intelligence systems and related technologies.
``(e) Testbeds for Next-Generation Computing Platforms and 
Infrastructure.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary shall establish at least one data center testbed for 
the development and assessment of hardware and algorithms for 
energy-efficient and energy-flexible artificial intelligence 
training and inference.
``(2) Activities.--In carrying out the testbed established 
under paragraph (1), the Secretary shall carry out the 
following:
``(A) Test and evaluate new software, hardware, 
codesign of hardware and software, algorithms, 
networking, and other artificial intelligence-based 
technologies and applications to improve energy 
efficiency across the artificial intelligence 
ecosystem.
``(B) Carry out cooperative research projects with 
industry, including end user companies, hardware 
systems vendors, artificial intelligence developers, 
data center developers and operators, energy utilities, 
and other appropriate stakeholders.
``(f) Aggregation, Curation, and Distribution of Artificial 
Intelligence Training Datasets.--In carrying out activities described 
in subsection (b)(6), the Secretary shall develop methods, platforms, 
protocols, and other tools required for efficient, responsible, and 
effective aggregation, generation, curation, and distribution of 
artificial intelligence training and inference datasets, including the 
following:
``(1) Assembling, aggregating, and curating large-scale 
training data for advanced artificial intelligence systems, 
including outputs from research programs of the Department and 
other open science data, with the goal of developing 
comprehensive scientific artificial intelligence training 
databases and testing and validation data.
``(2) Developing dataset documentation and metadata 
protocols and visualization tools, taking into account 
appropriate standards and guidelines to promote 
interoperability and consistency in documentation.
``(3) Developing and implementing appropriate data 
management plans for the ethical, responsible, and secure use 
of classified and unclassified scientific data.
``(4) Identifying, curating, and safely distributing, as 
appropriate based on the application, the following:
``(A) Scientific and experimental departmental 
datasets.
``(B) Sponsored research activities that are needed 
for the training of foundational and adapted downstream 
artificial intelligence systems.
``(5) Partnering with stakeholders to curate critical 
datasets that reside outside the Department but are determined 
by the Secretary to be critical to optimizing the capabilities 
of advanced artificial intelligence systems relevant to the 
missions of the Department.
``(g) Development of Advanced Artificial Intelligence Systems for 
Pressing Scientific, Energy, and National Security Applications.--In 
carrying out subsection (b)(7), the Secretary shall carry out the 
following:
``(1) Develop innovative concepts in applied mathematics, 
computer science, engineering, and other science disciplines 
needed for advanced artificial intelligence systems.
``(2) Develop best-in-class advanced artificial 
intelligence systems, model derivatives that support downstream 
use cases, and other technologies to solve pressing scientific, 
energy, and national security challenges.
``(3) Carry out cooperative research projects with 
industry, including end user companies, hardware systems 
vendors, and artificial intelligence software companies, to 
advance artificial intelligence technologies relevant to the 
missions of the Department and mitigate risks associated with 
such technologies.
``(4) In coordination with the Secretary of Commerce and 
the Secretary of Homeland Security, research counter-
adversarial artificial intelligence solutions to predict, 
prevent, mitigate, and respond to threats to critical 
infrastructure, energy security, and nuclear nonproliferation, 
and biological and chemical threats.
``(5) In coordination with energy utilities, State energy 
offices, data center developers and operators, and other key 
stakeholders the Secretary determines appropriate, carry out 
research to examine how artificial intelligence technologies 
may be impacted by or applied to energy supply bottlenecks, 
energy demand projections, site reliability challenges, and 
data center operational flexibilities.
``(6) Establish crosscutting research efforts to understand 
and mitigate artificial intelligence-related risks, including 
the establishment of unclassified and classified data platforms 
across the Department.
``(h) Shared Resources for Artificial Intelligence.--
``(1) In general.--As part of the program, the Secretary 
shall identify, support, and sustain shared resources and 
enabling tools that have the potential to accelerate the pace 
of scientific discovery and technological innovation with 
respect to the missions of the Department relating to science, 
energy, and national security.
``(2) Consultation.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
Secretary shall consult with relevant experts in the Federal 
Government, industry, energy utilities, academia, State energy 
offices, and the National Laboratories.
``(3) Focus.--Shared resources and enabling tools referred 
to in paragraph (1) shall include the following:
``(A) Scientific data and knowledge bases for 
training artificial intelligence systems.
``(B) Benchmarks and competitions for evaluating 
advances in artificial intelligence systems.
``(C) Platform technologies that lower the cost of 
generating training data or enable the generation of 
training data.
``(D) High-performance computing, including hybrid 
computing systems that integrate artificial 
intelligence and high-performance computing.
``(E) The combination of artificial intelligence 
and scientific automation, such as cloud labs and self-
driving labs.
``(F) Tools that enable artificial intelligence to 
solve inverse design problems.
``(G) Testbeds for accelerating progress at the 
intersection of artificial intelligence and 
cyberphysical systems.
``(H) Testbeds for testing and evaluating 
artificial intelligence-based technologies and 
applications to improve energy efficiency across 
artificial intelligence systems, in accordance with 
subsection (e).
``(4) Interagency coordination.--The Secretary shall ensure 
coordination with, and avoid unnecessary duplication of, 
activities to provide shared resources with the National 
Science Foundation, the agencies participating in the 
Interagency Committee established under section 5103 of this 
Act, and the Networking and Information Technology Research and 
Development Program authorized under section 101 of the High 
Performance Computing Act of 1991 (15 U.S.C. 5511).
``(i) Artificial Intelligence Research Institutes.--The Secretary 
shall support on a competitive, merit-reviewed basis not fewer than two 
multidisciplinary artificial intelligence research institutes pursuant 
to section 5201 of this Act.
``(j) Research To Improve Energy Permitting Processes.--In 
consultation with the Federal Permitting Improvement Steering Council 
established under section 41002(a) of the FAST Act (42 U.S.C. 4370m-
1(a)), the Secretary shall carry out research and development 
activities to evaluate the potential for utilizing artificial 
intelligence to improve Federal permitting processes for energy-related 
projects, including critical materials (as such term is defined in 
section 7002 of title VII of division Z of the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2021 (Public Law 116-260; 30 U.S.C. 1606)) 
projects, by building tools to improve future reviews and analyzing 
data from past environmental and other permitting reviews to inform 
more flexible and effective categorical exclusions.
``(k) Risk Management.--
``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall review agency 
policies for risk management in artificial intelligence related 
projects and issue, as necessary, policies and principles that 
are consistent with the framework developed under section 22A 
of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278h-1(c)).
``(2) Taxonomy.--The Secretary, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Homeland Security, the Secretary of Defense, the 
Director of National Intelligence, the Director of the National 
Security Agency, and the Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, shall develop a taxonomy of safety 
and security risks associated with artificial intelligence 
systems relevant to the missions of the Department.
``(l) Stem Education and Workforce Development.--As part of the 
program, the Secretary, in coordination with the Director of the 
National Science Foundation, may develop the required workforce, and 
hire and train researchers to meet the rising demand for artificial 
intelligence talent, including by carrying out the following:
``(1) Providing training, grants, and research 
opportunities, including experiential learning experiences for 
undergraduate and graduate students in advanced artificial 
intelligence systems.
``(2) Carrying out public awareness campaigns regarding 
artificial intelligence related career paths.
``(3) Assisting institutions of higher education to 
establish new degree and certificate programs in artificial 
intelligence-related disciplines.
``(m) Administration.--
``(1) Research security.--The activities authorized under 
this section shall be applied in a manner consistent with 
subtitle D of title VI of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 19231 et seq.; 
enacted as part of division B of Public Law 117-167).
``(2) Cybersecurity.--The Secretary shall ensure the 
integration of robust cybersecurity measures into all 
artificial intelligence research-to-deployment efforts 
authorized under this section to protect the integrity and 
confidentiality of collected and analyzed data.
``(3) Ethical considerations.--Taking into account the 
guidance issued pursuant to section 10343(c) of the Research 
and Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
19052(c)), the Secretary shall issue guidance governing the 
ethical, safe, and responsible conduct of research activities 
funded by the Department and performed at National Laboratories 
and user facilities.
``(n) Data Privacy and Sharing.--The Secretary shall review agency 
policies for data sharing with other public and private sector 
organizations and issue, as necessary, policies and principles that are 
consistent with the standards and guidelines submitted under section 
22A of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Act (15 
U.S.C. 278h-1(e)). In addition, the Secretary shall establish a 
streamlined mechanism for approving research projects or partnerships 
that require sharing sensitive public or private data with the 
Department.
``(o) Partnerships.--
``(1) Federal partnerships.--The Secretary may request, 
accept, and provide funds from other Federal departments and 
agencies, State, United States territory, local, or Tribal 
government agencies, private sector for-profit entities, and 
nonprofit entities, to be available to the extent provided by 
appropriations Acts, to support a research project or 
partnership carried out under this section. The Secretary may 
not give any special consideration to any agency or entity in 
return for a donation.
``(2) Partnerships with private entities.--
``(A) In general.--The Secretary shall seek to 
establish partnerships with private companies and 
nonprofit organizations in carrying out this section.
``(B) Requirement.--In carrying out subparagraph 
(A), the Secretary shall protect any information 
submitted to or shared by the Department consistent 
with applicable laws and regulations.
``(p) Stakeholder Engagement.--In carrying out the activities 
authorized in this section, the Secretary shall carry out the 
following:
``(1) Collaborate with a range of stakeholders, including 
small businesses, institutes of higher education, industry, and 
the National Laboratories.
``(2) Leverage the collective body of knowledge from 
existing artificial intelligence and machine learning research.
``(3) Engage with other Federal departments and agencies, 
research communities, and potential users of information 
produced under this section.
``(q) Strategic Plan.--
``(1) In general.--In carrying out the program, the 
Secretary shall develop a strategic plan with specific short-
term and long-term goals and resource needs to advance 
applications in artificial intelligence for science, energy, 
and national security to support the missions of the 
Department. The strategic plan shall be consistent with the 
following:
``(A) The 2023 National Laboratory workshop report 
entitled `Advanced Research Directions on AI for 
Science, Energy, and Security'.
``(B) The 2024 National Laboratory workshop report 
entitled `AI for Energy'.
``(C) The strategic plan required under section 
5103 of division E of this Act (15 U.S.C. 9413).
``(2) Report to congress.--Not later than one year after 
the date of the enactment of this section, the Director shall 
submit to the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology of 
the House of Representatives and the Committee of Energy and 
Natural Resources of the Senate the strategic plan required 
under paragraph (1), and shall notify such committees of any 
substantial updates to such plan in subsequent years.
``(r) Definitions.--In this section:
``(1) Department.--The term `Department' means the 
Department of Energy.
``(2) Eligible entities.--The term `eligible entities' 
means any of the following:
``(A) An institution of higher education.
``(B) A National Laboratory.
``(C) A Federal research agency.
``(D) A State research agency.
``(E) A nonprofit research organization.
``(F) A private sector entity.
``(G) A consortium of two or more entities 
described in subparagraphs (A) through (F).
``(3) National laboratory.--The term `National Laboratory' 
has the meaning given such term in section 2 of the Energy 
Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).
``(4) Nonprofit organization.--The term `nonprofit 
organization' has the meaning given such term in section 201 of 
title 35, United States Code.
``(5) Secretary.--The term `Secretary' means the Secretary 
of Energy.
``(6) Testbed.--The term `testbed' means any platform, 
facility, or environment that enables the testing and 
evaluation of scientific theories and new technologies, 
including hardware, software, or field environments in which 
structured frameworks can be implemented to conduct tests to 
assess the performance, reliability, safety, and security of a 
wide range of items, including prototypes, systems, 
applications, artificial intelligence systems, instruments, 
computational tools, devices, and other technological 
innovations.
``(s) Authorization of Appropriations.--There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this section $300,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 2027 through 2032.

``SEC. 5502. ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY FOR DATA CENTERS AND COMPUTING 
RESOURCES.

``Not later than one year after the date of the enactment of this 
section, the Secretary of Energy shall submit to Congress a report that 
includes the following:
``(1) An assessment of the following:
``(A) The growth of computing data centers and 
advanced computing electrical power load in the United 
States.
``(B) Potential risks of growth in computing 
centers or growth in the required electrical power to 
United States energy security and national security.
``(C) The extent to which emerging technologies, 
such as artificial intelligence and advanced computing, 
may impact hardware and software systems used at data 
and computing centers.
``(D) Cost, performance, reliability, availability, 
space requirements, emissions, and supply chain issues 
for current technologies, including renewable diesel, 
natural gas, renewable natural gas, fuel cells, nuclear 
energy, battery storage, enhanced geothermal, long-
duration energy storage, and other potentially viable 
technologies available to support regional data center 
expansion and for backup power.
``(2) Recommendations for the following:
``(A) Resources and capabilities that the 
Department of Energy may provide to promote access to 
energy resources by data centers, advanced computing 
hardware and algorithms, and artificial intelligence 
systems (as defined in section 7223 of the Advancing 
American AI Act (40 U.S.C. 11301 note; Public Law 117-
263)).
``(B) Policy changes to ensure domestic deployment 
of data center and advanced computing resources to 
prevent offshoring of United States data and resources.
``(C) Improving the energy efficiency of data 
centers, advanced computing hardware and algorithms, 
and artificial intelligence systems.''.
(b) Clerical Amendments.--The tables of contents in section 2(b) 
and title LV of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 are amended by inserting after 
the items relating to section 5501 the following new items:

``Sec. 5502. Ensuring energy security for data centers and computing 
resources.''.

TITLE III--MODERNIZING FEDERAL AI GOVERNANCE, PROCUREMENT, AND SECURITY

Subtitle A--Federal Standards for Artificial Intelligence

SEC. 301. FEDERAL STANDARDS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

(a) In General.--Title LIII of division E of the William M. (Mac) 
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 
(Public Law 116-283; 134 Stat. 4523) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new section:

``SEC. 5305. FEDERAL STANDARDS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

``(a) In General.--The Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology (in this section referred to as the 
`Director') shall--
``(1) develop standards and guidelines, including minimum 
requirements, for artificial intelligence systems used or 
operated by an agency or by a contractor of an agency or other 
organization on behalf of an agency, other than national 
security systems;
``(2) develop standards and guidelines, including minimum 
requirements, for managing risks associated with artificial 
intelligence systems for all agency operations and assets, but 
such standards and guidelines shall not apply to national 
security systems;
``(3) develop standards and guidelines, including minimum 
requirements, for authenticating, tracking provenance, and 
labeling synthetic content generated by an agency or by a 
contractor of an agency or other organization on behalf of an 
agency, other than national security systems; and
``(4) conduct research and development pursuant to section 
5301 to inform the development of standards and guidelines for 
activities described in this section.
``(b) Standards and Guidelines.--In developing standards and 
guidelines required by subsection (a), the Director shall--
``(1) provide standards and guidelines, practices, 
profiles, and tools consistent with the framework under 
subsection (c) of section 22A of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology Act (15 U.S.C. 278h-1), and 
information on how agencies can leverage such framework to 
reduce risks caused by agency implementation in the 
development, procurement, and use of artificial intelligence 
systems;
``(2) provide standards and guidelines that--
``(A) are consistent with Circular A-119 of the 
Office of Management and Budget; and
``(B) enable conformity assessment;
``(3) recommend training on standards and guidelines for 
each agency responsible for procuring artificial intelligence;
``(4) develop and periodically revise performance 
indicators and measures for agency artificial intelligence 
related standards and guidelines;
``(5) provide standards and guidelines, including minimum 
requirements, for developing profiles for agency use of 
artificial intelligence consistent with such framework;
``(6) develop profiles for framework use for an entity that 
is a small business concern (as such term is defined in section 
3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632));
``(7) evaluate artificial intelligence policies and 
practices developed for national security systems to assess 
potential application by agencies to strengthen risk management 
of artificial intelligence systems; and
``(8) periodically assess the effectiveness of standards 
and guidelines developed under this section and undertake 
revisions as appropriate.
``(c) Readiness.--For standards and guidelines developed pursuant 
to subsection (a) that are deemed by the Director to be at a readiness 
level sufficient for standardization, the Director shall--
``(1) submit such standards and guidelines to the Secretary 
of Commerce for promulgation under section 11331 of title 40, 
United States Code;
``(2) where practicable and appropriate, provide technical 
review and assistance to agencies; and
``(3) evaluate the effectiveness and sufficiency of, and 
challenges to, agency implementation of such standards and 
guidelines.
``(d) Testing and Evaluation of Artificial Intelligence 
Acquisitions.--
``(1) Study.--Subject to the availability of 
appropriations, the Director shall complete a study to review 
the existing and forthcoming voluntary technical standards for 
the testing, evaluation, verification, and validation of 
artificial intelligence acquisitions.
``(2) Testing and evaluation standards.--Not later than 90 
days after the date of the completion of the study required by 
paragraph (1), the Director shall--
``(A) develop standards and guidelines for the 
testing, evaluation, verification, and validation of 
artificial intelligence acquisitions pursuant to this 
section;
``(B) convene relevant stakeholders to facilitate 
such development;
``(C) continuously update such standards and 
guidelines; and
``(D) review and make recommendations to the head 
of each agency on risk management policies and 
principles for relevant artificial intelligence 
acquisitions.
``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
``(1) Agency.--The term `agency' means any department, 
independent establishment, Government corporation, or other 
agency of the executive branch of the Federal Government.
``(2) National security system.--The term `national 
security system' has the meaning given such term in section 
3552 of title 44, United States Code.
``(3) Profile.--The term `profile' means an implementation 
of the artificial intelligence risk management functions, 
categories, and subcategories for a specific setting or 
application based on the requirements, risk tolerance, and 
resources of the user of the framework at issue.
``(4) Synthetic content.--The term `synthetic content' 
means information, such as images, videos, audio clips, and 
text, that has been significantly modified or generated by 
algorithms, including by artificial intelligence.''.
(b) Clerical Amendments.--The tables of contents in section 2(b) 
and title LIII of the William M. (Mac) Thornberry National Defense 
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021 are amended by inserting after 
the items relating to section 5304, as added by section 101(b), the 
following new items:

``Sec. 5305. Federal standards for artificial intelligence.''.

Subtitle B--AI Leadership to Enable Accountable Deployment

SEC. 311. DEFINITIONS.

In this subtitle:
(1) Agency.--The term ``agency'' has the meaning given the 
term in section 3502 of title 44, United States Code.
(2) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial 
intelligence'' has the meaning given such term in section 5002 
of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 
(15 U.S.C. 9401).
(3) Artificial intelligence system.--The term ``artificial 
intelligence system''--
(A) means any data system, software, application, 
tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part 
using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or 
other forms of artificial intelligence, whether--
(i) the data system, software, application, 
tool, or utility is established primarily for 
the purpose of researching, developing, or 
implementing artificial intelligence 
technology; or
(ii) artificial intelligence capability is 
integrated into another system or agency 
business process, operational activity, or 
technology system; and
(B) does not include any common commercial product 
within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such 
as a word processor or map navigation system.
(4) Chief artificial intelligence officer.--The term 
``Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer'' means an official 
designated by the head of an agency pursuant to section 
313(b)(1).
(5) Council.--The term ``Council'' means the Chief 
Artificial Intelligence Officers Council established under 
section 312(a).
(6) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of 
the Office of Management and Budget.
(7) Relevant congressional committees.--The term ``relevant 
congressional committees'' means the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the 
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the House of 
Representatives.

SEC. 312. CHIEF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS COUNCIL.

(a) Establishment.--Not later than 90 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall establish a Chief Artificial 
Intelligence Officers Council.
(b) Duties.--The Council shall--
(1) promote artificial intelligence innovation and 
responsible design, development, and application;
(2) oversee compliance with Governmentwide requirements, 
including existing requirements for agencies to inventory and 
publish use cases of artificial intelligence;
(3) develop recommendations for, and advise agencies on, 
best practices for the design, acquisition, development, 
modernization, use, operation, sharing, risk management, 
auditing, and performance of artificial intelligence 
technologies while ensuring privacy, security, and the 
protection of civil rights and civil liberties;
(4) share experiences, ideas, and promising practices, 
including work process redesign and the development of 
performance measures to optimize Federal Government use of and 
investments in artificial intelligence;
(5) in coordination with the Director of the Office of 
Personnel Management, assess and monitor the hiring, training, 
classification, and professional development needs of the 
Federal workforce relating to artificial intelligence;
(6) examine and track the costs and benefits of artificial 
intelligence use in the Federal Government, and make 
recommendations for any limits that should be placed on the 
acquisition, development, and use of artificial intelligence 
and the capabilities of artificial intelligence;
(7) help improve the abilities of agencies to understand 
artificial intelligence and intervene in crisis;
(8) review and analyze already deployed artificial 
intelligence systems within the Federal Government for 
potential harm; and
(9) assist the Director, as necessary, in--
(A) identifying, developing, coordinating, and 
overseeing multi-agency projects and other initiatives 
to improve Government performance;
(B) monitoring and managing risks relating to 
developing, obtaining, or using artificial 
intelligence, including by--
(i) promoting the development and use of 
efficient, common, and shared approaches to key 
processes that improve the delivery of services 
for the public;
(ii) soliciting and providing perspectives 
on matters of concern to the Council, as 
appropriate, from and to--
(I) the Chief Financial Officers 
Council;
(II) the Chief Human Capital 
Officers Council;
(III) the Chief Acquisition 
Officers Council;
(IV) the Chief Information Officers 
Council;
(V) the Chief Data Officers 
Council;
(VI) other interagency councils;
(VII) other key groups of the 
Federal Government;
(VIII) industry;
(IX) academia;
(X) State, local, Tribal, 
territorial, and international 
governments; and
(XI) other individuals and 
entities, as determined necessary by 
the Director;
(iii) creating a framework for how agencies 
can reduce risk in the design, development, and 
use of artificial intelligence systems; and
(iv) implementing measurements and 
producing specific guidance on use cases for 
which the Federal Government should not be 
developing, procuring, or using artificial 
intelligence systems;
(C) ensuring artificial intelligence systems used 
and procured by agencies are and have been responsibly 
developed and evaluated such that the artificial 
intelligence systems are transparent and secure, do not 
infringe on privacy, and promote civil interests;
(D) continually monitoring the capabilities of 
artificial intelligence systems used and procured by 
the Federal Government; and
(E) ensuring accountability for the use and 
procurement of artificial intelligence systems that 
result in flawed, inaccurate, or biased decisions that 
would impact individuals.
(c) Membership of CAIOC.--
(1) Chair.--The Director shall serve as the chair of the 
Council.
(2) Cochair.--The cochair of the Council shall be--
(A) nominated by a majority of the members of the 
Council; and
(B) designated as the cochair of the Council by the 
Director.
(3) Members.--Members of the Council shall include--
(A) the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of 
each agency described in section 901(b) of title 31, 
United States Code;
(B) a representative from an agency with--
(i) advisory experience in scientific and 
technological issues that require attention at 
the highest level of Government; and
(ii) a role working with agencies to create 
strategies, plans, policies and programs for 
science and technology, including artificial 
intelligence; and
(C) other members, as determined necessary by the 
Director.
(4) Standing committees; working groups.--The Council shall 
have the authority to establish standing committees and working 
groups as necessary to consider items of concern to the 
Council.
(d) Administrative Support.--The Administrator of General Services 
shall provide administrative support for the Council.

SEC. 313. AGENCY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE OFFICERS.

(a) Duties of Agencies.--The head of each agency shall ensure the 
responsible research, development, acquisition, application, 
governance, and use of artificial intelligence by the agency that is 
consistent with democratic values, including--
(1) privacy;
(2) civil rights and civil liberties;
(3) information security;
(4) nondiscrimination;
(5) transparency; and
(6) trustworthiness.
(b) Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 45 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the head of each agency shall 
designate a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer with 
responsibility for--
(A) promoting artificial intelligence innovation 
and use within the agency to further the agency's 
effectiveness and efficiency;
(B) providing input on the decision processes for 
annual and multi-year planning, programming, budgeting, 
and execution decisions, related reporting 
requirements, and reports relating to artificial 
intelligence of the agency;
(C) participating in internal control processes or 
entities convened for the purpose of reviewing 
artificial intelligence acquisitions throughout the 
acquisition life cycle;
(D) producing a risk management plan for agency-
specific use cases of artificial intelligence, 
including--
(i) a procedure for classifying risk levels 
in agency use of artificial intelligence; and
(ii) specific guidance on use cases for 
which the agency should not developing, 
procuring, or using artificial intelligence 
systems;
(E) in coordination with other responsible 
officials of the agency--
(i) assessing and addressing agency 
personnel requirements and professional 
development requirements relating to artificial 
intelligence;
(ii) developing and overseeing agency 
processes regarding the design, acquisition, 
development, modernization, use, data 
management, operation, sharing, and auditing of 
artificial intelligence systems by the agency, 
including existing requirements to inventory 
and publish agency use cases;
(iii) ensuring artificial intelligence 
policies of the agency comply with the 
Constitution of the United States and 
Governmentwide requirements;
(iv) ensuring all artificial intelligence 
systems used and procured by the agency are and 
have been responsibly developed and evaluated 
such that the systems are transparent and 
secure, do not infringe on privacy, and promote 
civil interests;
(v) continually monitoring the capabilities 
and impacts of artificial intelligence systems 
used and procured by the agency; and
(vi) ensuring accountability for the use 
and procurement of artificial intelligence 
systems that result in flawed, inaccurate, or 
biased decisions that would impact individuals;
(F) helping to improve the ability of the agency to 
understand artificial intelligence and to intervene in 
crisis;
(G) reviewing and analyzing already deployed 
artificial intelligence systems of the agency for 
potential harm; and
(H) performing other functions relating to 
artificial intelligence, as determined by the Director 
or the head of the agency.
(2) Structure.--The Director shall issue guidance on the 
appropriate reporting structure, qualifications, and seniority 
level for the role of a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer.
(3) Seniority.--With respect to the Chief Artificial 
Intelligence Officer of any agency described in section 901(b) 
of title 31, United States Code, the Chief Artificial 
Intelligence Officer shall be an executive with a position 
classified above GS-15 of the General Schedule or the 
equivalent.
(4) Roles.--The head of each agency shall ensure that the 
Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of the agency has a 
significant role in--
(A) the decision processes for all annual and 
multi-year planning, programming, budgeting, and 
execution decisions, related reporting requirements, 
and reports relating to artificial intelligence of the 
agency; and
(B) the management, governance, acquisition, and 
oversight processes of the agency relating to 
artificial intelligence.
(5) Full-time employee.--
(A) In general.--To the extent practicable, each 
Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer designated under 
paragraph (1) shall be a full-time employee of the 
agency on the date of the designation.
(B) Justification.--If the head of an agency 
designates a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of 
the agency who is not a full-time employee on the date 
of the designation, the head of the agency shall 
provide the Comptroller General of the United States a 
justification for the designation of an individual who 
is not a full-time employee, such as a lack of 
qualified personnel.
(C) Inclusion in report.--The Comptroller General 
of the United States shall include each justification 
provided by the head of an agency under subparagraph 
(B) in the report required under section 316(a).
(c) Informing Congress.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the head of each agency shall--
(1) inform the relevant congressional committees of the 
appointment of a Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer pursuant 
to subsection (b); and
(2) if relevant, provide to the relevant congressional 
committees a full description of any authorities and 
responsibilities of the individual serving as the Chief 
Artificial Intelligence Officer that are performed in addition 
to the authorities and responsibilities of the individual in 
the role of the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer.

SEC. 314. AGENCY COORDINATION ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

(a) Establishment.--Not later than 120 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Director shall issue guidance directing the 
head of each agency described in section 901(b) of title 31, United 
States Code, to establish within the agency an Artificial Intelligence 
Coordination Board to--
(1) coordinate artificial intelligence issues of the 
agency; and
(2) to the extent applicable to the agency, publish a 
statement of principles and goals relating to artificial 
intelligence.
(b) Contents.--The guidance issued under subsection (a) shall--
(1) define the structure and activities of Artificial 
Intelligence Coordination Boards of agencies; and
(2) ensure that the membership of the Artificial 
Intelligence Coordination Board of an agency may include, to 
the extent applicable to the agency--
(A) the deputy head of the agency;
(B) the Chief Artificial Intelligence Officer of 
the agency, who shall serve as the chair of the 
Artificial Intelligence Coordination Board of the 
agency;
(C) the chief information officer of the agency;
(D) the chief acquisition officer of the agency;
(E) the senior procurement executive of the agency;
(F) the chief data officer of the agency;
(G) the chief human capital officer of the agency;
(H) the chief financial officer of the agency;
(I) the senior agency official for privacy of the 
agency;
(J) the senior agency official for civil rights and 
civil liberties of the agency; and
(K) other individuals, as determined by the 
Director.
(c) Strategy.--
(1) In general.--The head of each agency shall establish an 
artificial intelligence strategy for the responsible and 
trustworthy adoption of artificial intelligence by the agency 
to better achieve the mission of the agency to serve the people 
of the United States.
(2) Contents.--The strategy required under paragraph (1) 
shall include the following:
(A) Defined roles and responsibilities for the use 
and oversight of artificial intelligence by the agency, 
including oversight of compliance with relevant laws, 
regulations, standards, and guidance.
(B) Defined values, ethics, and principles to 
foster public trust and responsible use of artificial 
intelligence by the agency.
(C) The standards, regulations, investments, 
practices, and other items the agency will use to 
improve trust and safety and ensure that artificial 
intelligence systems are designed, developed, and 
deployed in a manner that protects the rights and 
safety of individuals.
(D) How the agency will oversee artificial 
intelligence systems and applications to identify and 
mitigate risk and prevent harm, including with respect 
to privacy, civil rights, civil liberties, and 
information security.
(E) The considerations and safeguards the agency 
will use to protect the rights and safety of the public 
with respect to artificial intelligence, including 
mitigation of algorithmic discrimination.
(F) The domains or areas in which the agency uses 
or anticipates using artificial intelligence.
(G) The steps the agency will take to strengthen 
workforce knowledge to maximize the value artificial 
intelligence can bring to mission outcomes while 
mitigating any associated risks.
(H) How and under what conditions the agency can 
use artificial intelligence to improve the interactions 
of the agency with the public and the fulfillment of 
the mission of the agency, while protecting against 
harmful impacts on agency employees or the public.
(I) How the agency will coordinate and work across 
components, offices, and programs of the agency on 
artificial intelligence-related matters.
(J) How the agency will engage in interagency 
governance and coordination with respect to artificial 
intelligence, including to leverage shared resources, 
expertise, and lessons learned to better leverage 
artificial intelligence to improve Federal Government 
operations and mitigate the risks of artificial 
intelligence.
(K) How the agency will promote the use and 
availability of data to support the artificial 
intelligence efforts of the agency in accordance with 
statutory, regulatory, and policy requirements.
(L) How the agency will work with the private 
sector to ensure that procured artificial intelligence 
systems or capabilities include protections to 
safeguard the rights and safety of individuals and to 
secure Federal Government data and other information.
(M) An outline of specific actions to implement the 
strategy of the agency and desired outcomes.

SEC. 315. GAO REPORTS.

(a) In General.--Not later than two years after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to the relevant congressional committees a report on--
(1) the implementation and effectiveness of Artificial 
Intelligence Coordination Boards established pursuant to 
guidance issued under section 314(a);
(2) an assessment of agency implementation and the 
effectiveness of Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers;
(3) recommendations for improving the implementation and 
effectiveness of Artificial Intelligence Coordination Boards 
established pursuant to guidance issued under section 314(a) 
and Chief Artificial Intelligence Officers;
(4) an analysis by the Comptroller General of the United 
States with respect to the costs and benefits of--
(A) the Federal implementation of artificial 
intelligence; and
(B) the activities of the Artificial Intelligence 
Coordination Boards established pursuant to guidance 
issued under section 314(a);
(5) an assessment of the extent to which select agencies 
appropriately consider the costs and benefits of the design, 
development, deployment, and continuous monitoring of 
artificial intelligence;
(6) an assessment of jobs that could be at risk of 
dislocation and opportunities of other jobs with the Federal 
Government and the economy of the United States as a result of 
technological developments with respect to artificial 
intelligence, including potential effects on blue collar and 
white collar occupational categories;
(7) an inventory of artificial intelligence use cases of 
each agency, including an assessment of how each agency 
protects privacy and mitigates bias in the use by the agency of 
artificial intelligence; and
(8) other relevant matters, as determined by the 
Comptroller General of the United States.
(b) Additional Report.--Not later than two years after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States 
shall submit to the relevant congressional committees a report on the 
impact of biased datasets on Federal use and implementation of 
artificial intelligence systems.

SEC. 316. POST-ENACTMENT GUIDANCE FROM THE DIRECTOR.

Not later than five years after the date of the enactment of this 
Act, the Director shall--
(1) consider technological and other developments, current 
and future requirements, and options for artificial 
intelligence governance; and
(2) issue a directive to agencies--
(A) updating leadership roles, organizational 
structures, and other matters relating to artificial 
intelligence, as determined relevant by the Director; 
and
(B) that includes an action plan and timeline for 
implementation.

SEC. 317. SUNSET.

Beginning on the date that is 90 days after the date of issuance of 
the directive under section 316, this subtitle shall have no force or 
effect.

Subtitle C--AI Incident Reporting and Security Enhancement

SEC. 321. ACTIVITIES TO SUPPORT VOLUNTARY VULNERABILITY AND INCIDENT 
TRACKING ASSOCIATED WITH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

(a) Update to National Vulnerability Database.--The Director of the 
National Institute of Standards and Technology, in coordination with 
industry stakeholders, standards development organizations, and 
appropriate Federal agencies, as appropriate, shall carry out the 
following:
(1) Establish or identify common definitions and any 
characteristics of artificial intelligence security 
vulnerabilities that make utilization of the National 
Vulnerability Database inappropriate for the management of such 
vulnerabilities, and develop processes and procedures for 
vulnerability management of such vulnerabilities.
(2) Support the development of standards and guidance for 
technical vulnerability management processes related to 
artificial intelligence.
(3) Consistent with paragraphs (1) and (2), as appropriate, 
initiate a process to update the Institute's processes and 
procedures associated with the National Vulnerability Database 
to ensure such Database and associated vulnerability management 
processes incorporate artificial intelligence security 
vulnerabilities to the greatest extent practicable.
(b) Assessing Voluntary Tracking of Substantial Artificial 
Intelligence Security and Safety Incidents.--
(1) In general.--The Director of the National Institute of 
Standards and Technology, in consultation with the Director of 
the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency of the 
Department of Homeland Security, shall convene a multi-
stakeholder process to consider the development of a process 
relating to the voluntary collection, reporting, and tracking 
of substantial artificial intelligence security incidents and 
substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents.
(2) Activities.--In carrying out paragraph (1), the 
Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
shall convene appropriate representatives of industry, 
academia, nonprofit organizations, standards development 
organizations, civil society groups, Sector Risk Management 
Agencies, and appropriate Federal departments and agencies to 
carry out the following:
(A) Establish common definitions and 
characterizations for relevant aspects of substantial 
artificial intelligence security incidents and 
substantial artificial intelligence safety incidents, 
which may include the following:
(i) Classifications that sufficiently 
differentiate between the following:
(I) Artificial intelligence 
security incidents.
(II) Artificial intelligence safety 
incidents.
(ii) Taxonomies to classify incidents 
referred to in clause (i) based on relevant 
characteristics, impacts, or other appropriate 
criteria.
(B) Assess the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of 
an effort to voluntarily track substantial artificial 
intelligence security incidents and substantial 
artificial intelligence safety incidents.
(C) Identify and provide guidelines, best 
practices, methodologies, procedures, and processes for 
tracking and reporting substantial artificial 
intelligence security incidents and substantial 
artificial intelligence safety incidents across 
different sectors and use cases.
(D) Support the development of standardized 
reporting and documentation mechanisms, including 
automated mechanisms, that would help provide 
information, including public information, regarding 
substantial artificial intelligence security incidents 
and substantial artificial intelligence safety 
incidents.
(E) Support the development of norms for reporting 
of substantial artificial intelligence security 
incidents and substantial artificial intelligence 
safety incidents, taking into account when it is 
appropriate to publicly disclose such incidents.
(3) Report.--Not later than three years after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Director of the National 
Institute of Standards and Technology shall submit to Congress 
a report on a process relating to the voluntary collection, 
reporting, and tracking of substantial artificial intelligence 
security incidents and substantial artificial intelligence 
safety incidents under paragraph (1). Such report shall include 
the following:
(A) Findings from the multi-stakeholder process 
referred to in such paragraph.
(B) An assessment of and recommendations for 
establishing reporting and collection mechanisms by 
which industry, academia, nonprofit organizations, 
standards development organizations, civil society 
groups, and appropriate public sector entities may 
voluntarily share standardized information regarding 
substantial artificial intelligence security incidents 
and substantial artificial intelligence safety 
incidents.
(c) Limitation.--Nothing in this section provides the Director of 
the National Institute of Standards and Technology with any enforcement 
authority that was not in effect on the day before the date of the 
enactment of this section.
(d) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial 
intelligence'' has the meaning given such term in section 5002 
of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 
(15 U.S.C. 9401).
(2) Artificial intelligence security vulnerability.--The 
term ``artificial intelligence security vulnerability'' means a 
weakness in an artificial intelligence system, system security 
procedures, internal controls, or implementation that could be 
exploited or triggered by a threat source.
(3) Artificial intelligence system.--The term ``artificial 
intelligence system''--
(A) means any data system, software, application, 
tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part 
using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or 
other forms of artificial intelligence, whether--
(i) the data system, software, application, 
tool, or utility is established primarily for 
the purpose of researching, developing, or 
implementing artificial intelligence 
technology; or
(ii) artificial intelligence capability is 
integrated into another system or agency 
business process, operational activity, or 
technology system; and
(B) does not include any common commercial product 
within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such 
as a word processor or map navigation system.
(4) Nonprofit organization.--The term ``nonprofit 
organization'' has the meaning given such term in section 201 
of title 35, United States Code.
(5) Sector risk management agency.--The term ``Sector Risk 
Management Agency'' has the meaning given such term in section 
2200 of the Homeland Security Act of 2002 (6 U.S.C. 650).
(6) Threat source.--The term ``threat source'' means any of 
the following:
(A) An intent and method targeted at the 
intentional exploitation of a vulnerability.
(B) A situation and method that may accidentally 
trigger a vulnerability.

TITLE IV--PROTECTING WORKERS AND EMPOWERING SMALL BUSINESSES

Subtitle A--AI Workforce Research Hub

SEC. 401. AI WORKFORCE RESEARCH HUB.

(a) In General.--There is established in the Department of Labor 
the AI Workforce Research Hub (in this section referred to as the 
``Hub'').
(b) Duties.--The Secretary of Labor, acting through the Hub and in 
collaboration with the Commissioner of the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 
the Director of the U.S. Census Bureau, and the Director of the Bureau 
of Economic Analysis, shall carry out the following:
(1) Evaluate the impact of AI on the labor market and the 
experience of United States workers.
(2) Produce recurring evaluations of such impact.
(3) Conduct scenario planning for a range of potential 
levels of such impact.
(4) Identify insights to inform workforce and education 
policy with respect to such impact.
(c) AI Defined.--In this section, the term ``AI'' has the meaning 
given the term ``artificial intelligence'' in section 5002 of the 
National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 
9401).

Subtitle B--Small Business Artificial Intelligence Advancement

SEC. 411. RESOURCES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES TO UTILIZE ARTIFICIAL 
INTELLIGENCE.

Section 22A of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 
Act (15 U.S.C. 278h-1) is amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (i); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new 
subsection:
``(h) Development of Resources for Small Businesses in Utilizing 
Artificial Intelligence.--
``(1) In general.--The Director shall, in carrying out 
subsection (a), develop or identify, and disseminate (in 
accordance with paragraph (4)), resources for small business 
concerns (as defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 
U.S.C. 632)) relating to artificial intelligence. Such 
resources may include technical standards, best practices, 
benchmarks, methodologies, procedures, or processes for the 
understanding, adoption, or integration of artificial 
intelligence.
``(2) Requirements.--The Director shall ensure that the 
resources described in paragraph (1) satisfy the following 
requirements:
``(A) Are generally applicable and usable by a wide 
range of small business concerns.
``(B) Include elements that promote basic 
understanding, identification, and adoption of proper 
use cases of artificial intelligence.
``(C) Include case studies of practical application 
across a range of business sizes and types.
``(D) Are technology-neutral and relevant to 
technologies that are accessible and suitable for small 
business concerns.
``(E) Are based on international voluntary 
standards as applicable, and are consistent with the 
Stevenson-Wydler Technology Innovation Act of 1980 (15 
U.S.C. 3701 et seq.).
``(F) Include recommendations and references to 
existing Federal educational resources, including the 
risk management framework under subsection (c) and 
activities relating to the national cybersecurity 
awareness and education program under section 303 of 
the Cybersecurity Enhancement Act of 2014 (15 U.S.C. 
7443).
``(3) Review and update of resources.--Not later than two 
years after the date of the enactment of this subsection and 
not less frequently than once every two years thereafter, the 
Director shall carry out the following:
``(A) Review the resources described in paragraph 
(1).
``(B) Update such resources as the Director 
considers appropriate.
``(4) Dissemination and use of training resources.--The 
Director shall coordinate with the Administrator of the Small 
Business Administration regarding the distribution and use 
through the resource partners of the Small Business 
Administration of the resources described in paragraph (1).
``(5) Voluntary resources.--The use of the resources 
described in paragraph (1) shall be considered voluntary.
``(6) Report.--
``(A) In general.--Not later than four years after 
the date of the enactment of this subsection, the 
Director shall submit to the Committee on Science, 
Space, and Technology of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate a report on the 
development, identification, dissemination, and use of 
the resources described in paragraph (1), including 
updates made pursuant to paragraph (3).
``(B) Contents.--The report under subparagraph (A) 
shall include the following:
``(i) A list of the resources described in 
paragraph (1), including updates made pursuant 
to paragraph (3).
``(ii) Relevant feedback from recipients of 
such resources, and disseminators of such 
resources pursuant to paragraph (4).
``(iii) Recommendations to Congress for 
further actions to help with the utilization of 
artificial intelligence by small business 
concerns.''.

TITLE V--SAFEGUARDING AMERICANS AND DETERRING HARMFUL DEEPFAKES

Subtitle A--Disrupting Explicit Forged Images and Non-Consensual Edits

SEC. 501. CIVIL ACTION RELATING TO DISCLOSURE OF INTIMATE IMAGES.

(a) Definitions.--Section 1309 of the Consolidated Appropriations 
Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851) is amended--
(1) in the section heading, by inserting ``or nonconsensual 
activity involving digital forgeries'' after ``intimate 
images''; and
(2) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (2), by inserting ``competent,'' 
after ``conscious,'';
(B) by striking paragraph (3);
(C) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph 
(3);
(D) by redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as 
paragraphs (6) and (7), respectively;
(E) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following:
``(4) Identifiable individual.--The term `identifiable 
individual' means an individual whose body appears in whole or 
in part in an intimate visual depiction or intimate digital 
forgery and who is identifiable by virtue of the individual's 
face, likeness, or other distinguishing characteristic, such as 
a unique birthmark or other recognizable feature, or from 
information displayed in connection with the intimate visual 
depiction or intimate digital forgery.
``(5) Intimate digital forgery.--
``(A) In general.--The term `intimate digital 
forgery' means any intimate visual depiction of an 
identifiable individual that--
``(i) falsely represents, in whole or in 
part--
``(I) the identifiable individual; 
or
``(II) the conduct or content that 
makes the visual depiction intimate;
``(ii) is created through the use of 
software, machine learning, artificial 
intelligence, or any other computer-generated 
or technological means, including by adapting, 
modifying, manipulating, or altering an 
authentic visual depiction; and
``(iii) is indistinguishable from an 
authentic visual depiction of the identifiable 
individual when viewed as a whole by a 
reasonable person.
``(B) Labels, disclosure, and context.--Any visual 
depiction described in subparagraph (A) constitutes an 
intimate digital forgery for purposes of this paragraph 
regardless of whether a label, information disclosed 
with the visual depiction, or the context or setting in 
which the visual depiction is disclosed states or 
implies that the visual depiction is not authentic.''; 
and
(F) in paragraph (6)(A), as so redesignated--
(i) in clause (i), by striking ``or'' at 
the end;
(ii) in clause (ii)--
(I) in subclause (I), by striking 
``individual;'' and inserting 
``individual; or''; and
(II) by striking subclause (III); 
and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
``(iii) an identifiable individual engaging 
in sexually explicit conduct; and''.
(b) Civil Action.--Section 1309(b) of the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851(b)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1)--
(A) by striking subparagraph (A) and inserting the 
following:
``(A) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph 
(5)--
``(i) an identifiable individual whose 
intimate visual depiction is disclosed, in or 
affecting interstate or foreign commerce or 
using any means or facility of interstate or 
foreign commerce, without the consent of the 
identifiable individual, where such disclosure 
was made by a person who knows or recklessly 
disregards that the identifiable individual has 
not consented to such disclosure, may bring a 
civil action against that person in an 
appropriate district court of the United States 
for relief as set forth in paragraph (3);
``(ii) an identifiable individual who is 
the subject of an intimate digital forgery may 
bring a civil action in an appropriate district 
court of the United States for relief as set 
forth in paragraph (3) against any person that 
knowingly produced or possessed the intimate 
digital forgery with intent to disclose it, 
knowingly disclosed the intimate digital 
forgery, or knowingly solicited and received 
the intimate digital forgery, if--
``(I) the identifiable individual 
did not consent to such production or 
possession with intent to disclose, 
disclosure, or solicitation and 
receipt;
``(II) the person knew or 
recklessly disregarded that the 
identifiable individual did not consent 
to such production or possession with 
intent to disclose, disclosure, or 
solicitation and receipt; and
``(III) such production or 
possession with intent to disclose, 
disclosure, or solicitation and 
receipt, is in or affects interstate or 
foreign commerce or uses any means or 
facility of interstate or foreign 
commerce; and
``(iii) an identifiable individual who is 
the subject of an intimate digital forgery may 
bring a civil action in an appropriate district 
court of the United States for relief as set 
forth in paragraph (3) against any person that 
knowingly produced the intimate digital forgery 
if--
``(I) the identifiable individual 
did not consent to such production;
``(II) the person knew or 
recklessly disregarded that the 
identifiable individual--
``(aa) did not consent to 
such production; and
``(bb) was harmed, or was 
reasonably likely to be harmed, 
by the production; and
``(III) such production is in or 
affects interstate or foreign commerce 
or uses any means or facility of 
interstate or foreign commerce.''; and
(B) in subparagraph (B)--
(i) in the subparagraph heading, by 
inserting ``identifiable'' before 
``individuals''; and
(ii) by striking ``an individual who is 
under 18 years of age, incompetent, 
incapacitated, or deceased, the legal guardian 
of the individual'' and inserting ``an 
identifiable individual who is under 18 years 
of age, incompetent, incapacitated, or 
deceased, the legal guardian of the 
identifiable individual'';
(2) in paragraph (2)--
(A) in subparagraph (A)--
(i) by inserting ``identifiable'' before 
``individual'';
(ii) by striking ``depiction'' and 
inserting ``intimate visual depiction or 
intimate digital forgery''; and
(iii) by striking ``distribution'' and 
inserting ``disclosure, solicitation, or 
possession''; and
(B) in subparagraph (B)--
(i) by inserting ``identifiable'' before 
``individual'';
(ii) by inserting ``or intimate digital 
forgery'' after ``depiction'' each place it 
appears; and
(iii) by inserting ``, solicitation, or 
possession'' after ``disclosure'';
(3) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5);
(4) by striking paragraph (3) and inserting the following:
``(3) Relief.--
``(A) In general.--In a civil action filed under 
this section, an identifiable individual may recover--
``(i) damages as provided under 
subparagraph (C); and
``(ii) the cost of the action, including 
reasonable attorney fees and other litigation 
costs reasonably incurred.
``(B) Punitive damages and other relief.--The court 
may, in addition to any other relief available at law, 
award punitive damages or order equitable relief, 
including a temporary restraining order, a preliminary 
injunction, or a permanent injunction ordering the 
defendant to delete, destroy, or cease to display or 
disclose the intimate visual depiction or intimate 
digital forgery.
``(C) Damages.--For purposes of subparagraph 
(A)(i), the identifiable individual may recover--
``(i) liquidated damages in the amount of--
``(I) $150,000; or
``(II) $250,000 if the conduct at 
issue in the claim was--
``(aa) committed in 
relation to actual or attempted 
sexual assault, stalking, or 
harassment of the identifiable 
individual by the defendant; or
``(bb) the direct and 
proximate cause of actual or 
attempted sexual assault, 
stalking, or harassment of the 
identifiable individual by any 
person; or
``(ii) actual damages sustained by the 
individual, which shall include any profits of 
the defendant that are attributable to the 
conduct at issue in the claim that are not 
otherwise taken into account in computing the 
actual damages.
``(D) Calculation of defendant's profit.--For 
purposes of subparagraph (C)(ii), to establish the 
defendant's profits, the identifiable individual shall 
be required to present proof only of the gross revenue 
of the defendant, and the defendant shall be required 
to prove the deductible expenses of the defendant and 
the elements of profit attributable to factors other 
than the conduct at issue in the claim.
``(4) Preservation of privacy.--In a civil action filed 
under this section, the court may issue an order to protect the 
privacy of a plaintiff, including by--
``(A) permitting the plaintiff to use a pseudonym;
``(B) requiring the parties to redact the personal 
identifying information of the plaintiff from any 
public filing, or to file such documents under seal; 
and
``(C) issuing a protective order for purposes of 
discovery, which may include an order indicating that 
any intimate visual depiction or intimate digital 
forgery shall remain in the care, custody, and control 
of the court.'';
(5) in paragraph (5)(A), as so redesignated--
(A) by striking ``image'' and inserting ``visual 
depiction or intimate digital forgery''; and
(B) by striking ``depicted'' and inserting 
``identifiable''; and
(6) by adding at the end the following:
``(6) Statute of limitations.--Any action commenced under 
this section shall be barred unless the complaint is filed not 
later than 10 years from the later of--
``(A) the date on which the identifiable individual 
reasonably discovers the violation that forms the basis 
for the claim; or
``(B) the date on which the identifiable individual 
reaches 18 years of age.
``(7) Duplicative recovery barred.--No relief may be 
ordered under paragraph (3) against a person who is subject to 
a judgment under section 2255 of title 18, United States Code, 
for the same conduct involving the same identifiable individual 
and the same intimate visual depiction or intimate digital 
forgery.''.
(c) Continued Applicability of Federal, State, and Tribal Law.--
(1) In general.--This subtitle shall not be construed to 
impair, supersede, or limit a provision of Federal, State, or 
Tribal law.
(2) No preemption.--Nothing in this subtitle shall prohibit 
a State or Tribal government from adopting and enforcing a 
provision of law governing disclosure of intimate images or 
nonconsensual activity involving an intimate digital forgery, 
as defined in section 1309(a) of the Consolidated 
Appropriations Act, 2022 (15 U.S.C. 6851(a)), as amended by 
this subtitle, that is at least as protective of the rights of 
a victim as this subtitle.

SEC. 502. SEVERABILITY; RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.

(a) Severability.--If any provision of this subtitle, an amendment 
made by this subtitle, or the application of such a provision or 
amendment to any person or circumstance, is held to be 
unconstitutional, the remaining provisions of and amendments made by 
this subtitle, and the application of the provision or amendment held 
to be unconstitutional to any other person or circumstance, shall not 
be affected thereby.
(b) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this subtitle, or an 
amendment made by this subtitle, shall be construed to limit or expand 
any law pertaining to intellectual property.

Subtitle B--AI Fraud Deterrence

SEC. 511. FINANCIAL CRIMES AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

(a) Mail Fraud.--Section 1341 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--
(1) by striking ``$1,000,000'' and inserting 
``$2,000,000''; and
(2) by inserting after the period at the end the following: 
``If the violation is committed with the assistance of 
artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more 
than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or 
both.''.
(b) Wire Fraud.--Section 1343 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--
(1) by striking ``$1,000,000'' and inserting 
``$2,000,000''; and
(2) by inserting after the period at the end the following: 
``If the violation is committed with the assistance of 
artificial intelligence, such person shall be fined not more 
than $1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or 
both.''.
(c) Bank Fraud.--Section 1344 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--
(1) by striking ``Whoever knowingly'' and inserting the 
following:
``(a) In General.--Whoever knowingly''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(b) Artificial Intelligence.--Whoever commits subsection (a) with 
the assistance of artificial intelligence shall be fined not more than 
$2,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both.''.
(d) Artificial Intelligence Defined.--
(1) In general.--Section 1346 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended--
(A) by amending the section heading to read as 
follows: ``Definitions'';
(B) by striking ``chapter, the term'' and inserting 
the following: ``chapter--
``(1) the term'';
(C) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
``; and''; and
(D) by adding at the end the following:
``(2) the term `artificial intelligence' has the meaning 
given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial 
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).''.
(2) Clerical amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 
63 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the 
item relating to section 1346 and inserting the following:

``1346. Definitions.''.
(e) Money Laundering.--Section 1956 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1), in the continuation text 
following subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting after ``or 
both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that such 
violation is committed with the assistance of 
artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than 
$1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary 
instrument or funds involved in the transaction, 
whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than 
20 years, or both'';
(B) in paragraph (2), in the continuation text 
following subparagraph (B)(ii), by inserting after ``or 
both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that such 
violation is committed with the assistance of 
artificial intelligence, shall be fined not more than 
$1,000,000 or thrice the value of the monetary 
instrument or funds involved in the transportation, 
transmission, or transfer, whichever is greater, or 
imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or both''; and
(C) in paragraph (3), in the continuation text 
following subparagraph (C), by inserting after ``or 
both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that such 
violation is committed with the assistance of 
artificial intelligence, shall be fined under this 
title, or imprisoned for not more than 20 years, or 
both''; and
(2) in subsection (c)--
(A) in paragraph (8), by striking ``and'' at the 
end;
(B) in paragraph (9), by striking the period and 
inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(10) the term `artificial intelligence' has the meaning 
given such term in section 5002 of the National Artificial 
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401).''.

SEC. 512. AI IMPERSONATION OF FEDERAL OFFICIALS.

Section 912 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting after ``or both'' the following: ``, or, in the case that 
such violation is committed with the assistance of artificial 
intelligence (as such term is defined in section 5002 of the National 
Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9401)), shall 
be fined not more than $1,000,000, or imprisoned not more than three 
years, or both''.

Subtitle C--AI Whistleblower Protection

SEC. 521. DEFINITIONS.

In this subtitle:
(1) AI security vulnerability.--The term ``AI security 
vulnerability'' means any failure or lapse in security that 
could potentially allow emerging artificial intelligence 
technology to be acquired by a person (including a foreign 
entity) by theft or other means.
(2) AI violation.--The term ``AI violation'' means--
(A) any violation of Federal law, including rules 
and regulations, related to or committed during the 
development, deployment, or use of artificial 
intelligence; or
(B) any failure to appropriately respond to a 
substantial and specific danger that the development, 
deployment, or use of artificial intelligence may pose 
to public safety, public health, or national security.
(3) Artificial intelligence.--The term ``artificial 
intelligence'' includes any of the following:
(A) An artificial system that performs tasks under 
varying and unpredictable circumstances without 
significant human oversight, or that can learn from 
experience and improve performance when exposed to data 
sets.
(B) An artificial system developed in computer 
software, physical hardware, or other context that 
solves tasks requiring human-like perception, 
cognition, planning, learning, communication, or 
physical action.
(C) An artificial system designed to think or act 
like a human, including cognitive architectures and 
neural networks.
(D) A set of techniques, including machine 
learning, that are designed to approximate a cognitive 
task.
(E) An artificial system designed to act 
rationally, including an intelligent software agent or 
embodied robot that achieves goals using perception, 
planning, reasoning, learning, communicating, decision 
making, and acting.
(4) Artificial system.--The term ``artificial system''--
(A) means any data system, software, application, 
tool, or utility that operates in whole or in part 
using dynamic or static machine learning algorithms or 
other forms of artificial intelligence, including in 
the case--
(i) the data system, software, application, 
tool, or utility is established primarily for 
the purpose of researching, developing, or 
implementing artificial intelligence 
technology; or
(ii) artificial intelligence capability is 
integrated into another system or agency 
business process, operational activity, or 
technology system; and
(B) does not include any common commercial product 
within which artificial intelligence is embedded, such 
as a word processor or map navigation system.
(5) Commerce; industry or activity affecting commerce.--The 
terms ``commerce'' and ``industry or activity affecting 
commerce'' mean any activity, business, or industry in commerce 
or in which a labor dispute would hinder or obstruct commerce 
or the free flow of commerce, and include ``commerce'' and any 
``industry affecting commerce'', as defined in section 501 of 
the Labor Management Relations Act, 1947 (29 U.S.C. 142).
(6) Covered individual.--The term ``covered individual'' 
includes--
(A) an employee, including a former employee; and
(B) an independent contractor, including a former 
independent contractor.
(7) Emerging artificial intelligence technology.--The term 
``emerging artificial intelligence technology'', with respect 
to an AI security vulnerability, means any artificial system 
that exhibits a level of performance, complexity, or autonomy 
that is comparable to or exceeds capabilities that are 
generally considered state-of-the-art as of the time of the AI 
security vulnerability.
(8) Employer.--The term ``employer'' means any person 
(including any officer, employee, contractor, subcontractor, 
agent, company, partnership, or other individual or entity) 
engaged in commerce or an industry or activity affecting 
commerce who pays any compensation to a covered individual in 
exchange for the covered individual providing work to the 
person.

SEC. 522. ANTI-RETALIATION PROTECTION FOR AI WHISTLEBLOWERS.

(a) Prohibition Against Retaliation.--No employer may, directly or 
indirectly, discharge, demote, suspend, threaten, blacklist, harass, or 
in any other manner discriminate against a covered individual in the 
terms and conditions of employment or post-employment of the covered 
individual (or the terms and conditions of work provided by the covered 
individual as an independent contractor) because of any lawful act done 
by the covered individual--
(1) in providing information regarding an AI security 
vulnerability or AI violation, or any conduct that the covered 
individual reasonably believes constitutes an AI security 
vulnerability or AI violation, to--
(A) the appropriate regulatory official or the 
Attorney General;
(B) a regulatory or law enforcement agency; or
(C) any Member of Congress or any committee of 
Congress;
(2) in initiating, testifying in, or assisting in any 
investigation or judicial or administrative action of an 
appropriate regulatory or law enforcement agency or the 
Department of Justice, or any investigation of Congress, based 
upon or related to the information described in paragraph (1); 
or
(3) in providing information regarding an AI security 
vulnerability or AI violation, or any conduct that the covered 
individual reasonably believes constitutes an AI security 
vulnerability or AI violation, to--
(A) a person with supervisory authority over the 
covered individual at the employer of the covered 
individual; or
(B) another individual working for the employer 
described in subparagraph (A) whom the covered 
individual reasonably believes has the authority to--
(i) investigate, discover, or terminate the 
misconduct; or
(ii) take any other action to address the 
misconduct.
(b) Enforcement.--
(1) In general.--A covered individual who alleges such 
individual is aggrieved by a violation of subsection (a) may 
seek relief under paragraph (3) by--
(A) filing a complaint with the Secretary of Labor 
in accordance with the requirements of paragraph 
(2)(A); or
(B) if the Secretary of Labor has not issued a 
final decision in accordance with such paragraph within 
180 days of the filing of such complaint, and there is 
no showing that such a delay is due to the bad faith of 
the covered individual, bringing an action against the 
employer at law or in equity in the appropriate 
district court of the United States, which shall have 
jurisdiction over such an action without regard to the 
amount in controversy.
(2) Procedure.--
(A) Department of labor complaints.--
(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
clause (ii) and paragraph (3), a complaint 
filed with the Secretary of Labor under 
paragraph (1)(A) shall be governed by the rules 
and procedures set forth in section 42121(b) of 
title 49, United States Code, including the 
legal burdens of proof described in such 
section.
(ii) Exceptions.--With respect to a 
complaint filed under paragraph (1)(A), 
notification required under section 42121(b)(1) 
of title 49, United States Code, shall be made 
to each person named in the complaint, 
including the employer.
(B) District court actions.--
(i) Jury trial.--A party to an action 
brought under paragraph (1)(B) shall be 
entitled to trial by jury.
(ii) Statute of limitations.--
(I) In general.--An action may not 
be brought under paragraph (1)(B)--
(aa) more than 6 years 
after the date on which the 
violation of subsection (a) 
occurs; or
(bb) more than 3 years 
after the date on which facts 
material to the right of action 
are known, or reasonably should 
have been known, by the covered 
individual bringing the action.
(II) Required action within 10 
years.--Notwithstanding subclause (I), 
an action under paragraph (1)(B) may 
not in any circumstance be brought more 
than 10 years after the date on which 
the violation occurs.
(3) Relief.--Relief for a covered individual prevailing 
with respect to a complaint filed under paragraph (1)(A) or an 
action under paragraph (1)(B) shall include--
(A) reinstatement with the same seniority status 
that the covered individual would have had, but for the 
violation;
(B) two times the amount of back pay otherwise owed 
to the covered individual, with interest;
(C) the payment of compensatory damages, which 
shall include compensation for litigation costs, expert 
witness fees, and reasonable attorneys' fees; and
(D) any other appropriate remedy with respect to 
the violation as determined by the Secretary of Labor 
in a complaint under subparagraph (A) of paragraph (1) 
or by the court in an action under subparagraph (B) of 
such paragraph.
(c) Nonenforceability Waivers of Rights or Remedies.--The rights 
and remedies provided for in this section may not be waived or altered 
by any contract, agreement, policy form, or condition of employment (or 
condition of work as an independent contractor), including by any 
agreement requiring a covered individual to engage in arbitration, 
mediation, or any other alternative dispute resolution process prior to 
seeking relief under subsection (b).

TITLE VI--EXPANDING EDUCATION, LITERACY, AND INCLUSION

Subtitle A--Codifying AI Literacy Efforts of the AI Task Force

SEC. 601. AI LITERACY EFFORTS OF THE AI TASK FORCE.

The Director of the National Science Foundation shall take such 
actions as may be necessary to provide to the STEM Teachers Corps Pilot 
Program and the Computer Science for All Program of the Foundation 
general support in accordance with the recommendations of the AI Task 
Force established on February 20, 2024, of the House of 
Representatives.

Subtitle B--New Collar Jobs Tax Credit

SEC. 611. EMPLOYEE CYBERSECURITY EDUCATION.

(a) In General.--Subpart D of part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end 
the following new section:

``SEC. 45BB. EMPLOYEE CYBERSECURITY EDUCATION.

``(a) In General.--For purposes of section 38, the employee 
cybersecurity education credit determined under this section for the 
taxable year is an amount equal to 50 percent of the aggregate 
qualified employee cybersecurity education expenses paid or incurred by 
the employer during such taxable year.
``(b) Limitation.--The amount allowed as a credit under subsection 
(a) for the taxable year with respect to an employee shall not exceed 
$5,000.
``(c) Qualified Employee Cybersecurity Education Expenses.--For 
purposes of this section, the term `qualified employee cybersecurity 
education expenses' means amounts paid or incurred for each employee 
who earns a certificate or degree at the undergraduate or graduate 
level or industry-recognized certification relating to those specialty 
areas and work roles that are listed in NCWF Work Roles in the document 
entitled, `NICE Cybersecurity Workforce Framework (NCWF)', or any 
successor thereto, published by the National Initiative for 
Cybersecurity Education (NICE) of the National Institute of Standards 
and Technology.
``(d) Certain Rules To Apply.--Rules similar to the rules of 
subsections (i)(1) and (k) of section 51 shall apply for purposes of 
this section.''.
(b) Credit Made Part of General Business Credit.--Subsection (b) of 
section 38 of such Code is amended--
(1) by striking ``plus'' at the end of paragraph (40),
(2) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (41) and 
inserting ``, plus'', and
(3) by inserting after paragraph (41) the following new 
paragraph:
``(42) the employee cybersecurity education credit 
determined under section 45BB(a).''.
(c) Denial of Double Benefit.--Subsection (a) of section 280C of 
such Code is amended by inserting ``45BB(a),'' after ``45S(a),''.
(d) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for subpart D of 
part IV of subchapter A of chapter 1 of such Code is amended by adding 
at the end the following new item:

``Sec. 45BB. Employee cybersecurity education.''.
(e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

SEC. 612. CYBERSECURITY TRAINING INCENTIVE FOR GOVERNMENT CONTRACTS.

(a) In General.--The head of an executive agency shall award a five 
percent score increase to each competitive proposal submitted by a 
qualified offeror for the evaluation of a competitive proposal received 
in response to a solicitation for a contract valued in excess of 
$5,000,000.
(b) Applicability.--This section shall apply with respect to any 
solicitation issued on an after the date of the enactment of this Act.
(c) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Executive agency.--The term ``executive agency'' has 
the meaning given such term in section 102 of title 40, United 
States Code.
(2) Qualified offeror.--The term ``qualified offeror'' 
means a business that has claimed the employee cybersecurity 
education credit under section 45BB of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986, as added by section 611, at least once within the 
three-year period preceding the date on which the business 
submits a competitive proposal for a contract valued in excess 
of $5,000,000.

Subtitle C--Literacy in Future Technologies Artificial Intelligence

SEC. 621. PREPARING K-12 EDUCATORS AND STUDENTS FOR AN AI LITERATE 
FUTURE.

(a) Sense of Congress.--It is the sense of Congress that--
(1) AI literacy education is crucial not only for 
developing a skilled workforce and positioning the United 
States as a leader in this critical field, but also for 
mitigating the ethical challenges associated with AI;
(2) as strategic adversaries pursue AI technology for the 
purposes of surveillance, weaponization, and economic 
competition, maintaining United States leadership through an AI 
literate public is essential;
(3) AI literacy education at the K-12 education levels 
forms the foundation for success in this competitive 
environment, and proficiency with these technologies is 
becoming necessary to be an engaged and informed citizen;
(4) AI technology is rapidly evolving, and current best 
practices for learning and developing AI literacy today may not 
be applicable in the future;
(5) awards made under this section should recognize the 
rapidly evolving nature of AI technology, and identify and 
focus on those skills that will remain relevant to AI literacy 
considering likely changes in AI capabilities; and
(6) awards made under this section should recognize student 
progression to more advanced topics as they progress through K-
12 education.
(b) Awards.--The Director may make awards on a merit-reviewed, 
competitive basis to institutions of higher education and nonprofit 
organizations (and consortia thereof) to support research activities to 
develop educational curricula and evaluation methods for AI literacy at 
the K-12 education level.
(c) Use of Award Funds.--Activities funded by awards made under 
this section may include the following:
(1) Formal and informal K-12 education curriculum 
development focused on the essential abilities and competencies 
necessary for AI literacy that is learner-centered, project-
based, and can be personalized in the classroom.
(2) Engaging State and local educational agencies, 
principals, educators, and other school leaders of students in 
kindergarten through grade 12, in professional learning 
opportunities to--
(A) enhance AI literacy and proficiency; and
(B) develop best practices.
(3) Developing AI literacy evaluation tools for educators 
assessing proficiency in AI literacy.
(4) Designing and implementing professional development 
courses and experiences in AI literacy, including mentoring, 
for State and local educational agencies, principals, 
educators, and other school leaders that integrate in-person, 
virtual, and distance learning experiences.
(5) Development of hands-on learning tools to assist in 
developing and improving AI literacy.
(6) Augmenting existing curriculum to incorporate AI 
literacy where appropriate, including responsible use of AI in 
learning.
(7) Additional activities determined appropriate by the 
Director.
(d) Implementation.--The Director may carry out this section by 
making awards through new or existing programs.
(e) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) AI.--The term ``AI'' has the meaning given the term 
``artificial intelligence'' in section 5002 of the National 
Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 
9401).
(2) AI literacy.--The term ``AI literacy'' means having the 
age-appropriate knowledge and ability to use AI effectively, to 
critically interpret outputs, to solve problems in an AI-
enabled world, and to safely and ethically use AI.
(3) Director.--The term ``Director'' means the Director of 
the National Science Foundation.
(4) Institution of higher education.--The term 
``institution of higher education'' has the meaning given such 
term in section 101 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1001).
(5) K-12 education.--The term ``K-12 education'' means 
elementary schools and secondary schools, as such terms are 
defined in section 8101 of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).

Subtitle D--Expanding AI Voices Through Capacity Building

SEC. 631. EXPANDING CAPACITY IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE SCIENCE.

Section 5401 of the National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act 
of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451) is amended by--
(1) redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h); and
(2) inserting after subsection (f) the following new 
subsection:
``(g) Expanding Capacity in Artificial Intelligence.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation, in consultation with agency heads the Director 
considers appropriate, shall make awards on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis to eligible institutions of higher 
education specified in paragraph (2) or nonprofit organizations 
(or consortia thereof) to broaden participation in artificial 
intelligence research, education, and workforce development by 
increasing the ability of the United States to increase 
capacity and partnerships for artificial intelligence research 
and development.
``(2) Eligible institutions of higher education 
specified.--An eligible institution of higher education 
specified in this paragraph is any of the following:
``(A) An institution of higher education, that, 
according to the data published by the National Center 
for Science and Engineering Statistics, is not, on 
average, among the top 100 institutions in Federal 
research and development expenditures during the 3-year 
period prior to the year of the award concerned.
``(B) A historically Black college or university.
``(C) A minority-serving institution.
``(D) A Tribal College or University.
``(E) A consortium of any of the entities specified 
in subparagraphs (A) through (D).
``(3) Collaborations.--A consortium receiving an award 
under this subsection may include any of the following:
``(A) Mutually beneficial partnerships with 
institutions of higher education, nonprofit 
organizations, Federal agencies, State, territorial, 
local, and Tribal governments, and private sector 
entities.
``(B) Developing partnerships with any of the 
following:
``(i) Artificial intelligence research 
institutes under section 5201.
``(ii) Recipients of other relevant awards 
made by the Director of the National Science 
Foundation.
``(4) Use of funds.--In carrying out the activities under 
this subsection, an eligible institution of higher education or 
nonprofit organization (or consortium thereof) shall carry out 
one or more of the following:
``(A) Development or expansion of research programs 
in artificial intelligence and related disciplines.
``(B) Faculty recruitment and professional 
development in artificial intelligence and related 
disciplines.
``(C) Bridge programs focused on preparing post-
baccalaureate students for graduate programs in 
artificial intelligence and related disciplines.
``(D) Provide or broker access to research 
resources, including computing resources, networking, 
data facilities, and software engineering support for 
artificial intelligence research and development.
``(E) Community building activities to foster 
mutually beneficial public-private collaboration with 
Federal research agencies, industry, Federal 
laboratories, academia, and nonprofit organizations.
``(F) Development and hosting of intra- or inter-
institutional workshops to broaden workforce 
participation in artificial intelligence research and 
development.
``(G) Activities to integrate ethical and 
responsible practices and principles into education 
programs in artificial intelligence and related 
disciplines.
``(H) Other activities necessary to build research 
capacity, education pathways, and workforce development 
pathways in artificial intelligence and related 
disciplines.
``(5) Outreach.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall--
``(A) conduct outreach to eligible institutions of 
higher education specified in paragraph (2) and 
nonprofit organizations to apply for awards under this 
subsection; and
``(B) engage participants from all regions of the 
United States, especially individuals from underserved 
communities and groups historically underrepresented in 
science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
``(6) Duplication.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall ensure awards made under this section are 
complimentary to, and not duplicative of, awards made under 
existing programs.
``(7) Additional considerations.--In making awards under 
this subsection, the Director of the National Science 
Foundation may also consider the following:
``(A) The extent to which the eligible institutions 
of higher education specified in paragraph (2) and 
nonprofit organizations applying for such awards 
support students from diverse backgrounds, including 
first-generation undergraduate students.
``(B) The geographic diversity of such institutions 
and organizations.
``(C) Relative resource constraints of such 
institutions and organizations.
``(8) Definitions.--In this subsection:
``(A) Historically black college or university.--
The term `historically Black college or university' has 
the meaning given the term `part B institution' in 
section 322 of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 
U.S.C. 1061).
``(B) Minority-serving institution.--The term 
`minority-serving institution' means a Hispanic-serving 
institution (as defined in section 502 of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1101a)); an Alaska 
Native-serving institution or Native Hawaiian-serving 
institution (as defined in section 317 of such Act (20 
U.S.C. 1059d)); or a predominantly Black institution, 
Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-
serving institution, or Native American-serving 
nontribal institution (as defined in section 371 of 
such Act (20 U.S.C. 1067q)).
``(C) Nonprofit organization.--The term `nonprofit 
organization' means an organization described in 
subsection (c)(3) of section 501 of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from tax under 
subsection (a) of such section.
``(D) Tribal college or university.--The term 
`Tribal College or University' has the meaning given 
such term in section 316 of the Higher Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 1059c).''.

Subtitle E--NSF AI Education

SEC. 641. SCHOLARSHIPS AND FELLOWSHIPS IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE.

Paragraph (2) of section 5401(e) of the National Artificial 
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451(e)) is amended--
(1) in the heading, by striking ``faculty''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
``(D) Student scholarships and fellowships in 
artificial intelligence.--
``(i) In general.--The Director of the 
National Science Foundation may support 
scholarships and fellowships for undergraduate 
and graduate students by making awards through 
institutions of higher education, including 
community colleges, to students who are 
enrolled in programs of study leading to 
degrees or concentrations in or related to the 
design, research, assessment, development, 
deployment, integration, or application of 
artificial intelligence.
``(ii) Considerations.--In carrying out 
clause (i), the Director of the National 
Science Foundation may prioritize making awards 
to students who are enrolled in programs of 
study leading to degrees or concentrations in 
or related to any of the following:
``(I) The teaching of artificial 
intelligence at elementary schools, 
secondary schools, career and technical 
education schools, institutions of 
higher education, or through other 
higher education and professional 
education programs.
``(II) Artificial intelligence and 
advanced manufacturing, including the 
integration of artificial intelligence 
into advanced manufacturing operations.
``(III) Artificial intelligence and 
agriculture, including the integration 
of artificial intelligence into 
agricultural operations, prediction, 
and decision making.
``(iii) Awards.--Scholarships and 
fellowships awarded under this subparagraph may 
be in the form of awards that cover the cost of 
tuition, education-related fees, a stipend, and 
professional development funds for a period of 
up to five years. Such scholarships and 
fellowships shall be paid directly to the 
institution of higher education in which the 
student is enrolled.
``(iv) Outreach.--The Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall conduct 
outreach and encourage applications from rural-
located institutions of higher education, 
rural-serving institutions of higher education 
(as such term is defined in section 861 of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
1161q)), Tribal Colleges and Universities (as 
such term is defined in section 316 of such Act 
(20 U.S.C. 1059c)), and institutions located in 
an Established Program to Stimulate Competitive 
Research (EPSCoR) jurisdiction.
``(v) Method.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation may carry out this 
subparagraph by making awards through new or 
existing programs.
``(E) Artificial intelligence professional 
development fellowships.--
``(i) In general.--The Director of the 
National Science Foundation may support 
activities to promote the exchange of ideas and 
encourage collaborations between institutions 
of higher education and industry partners in 
the field of artificial intelligence, including 
through fellowships for students, teachers, 
faculty, and industry professionals.
``(ii) Supplementals for students and 
faculty.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation may award fellowships for students 
and faculty to pursue professional development 
programs in STEM fields that are administered 
by or affiliated with institutions of higher 
education, including community colleges, in 
order to enable recipients to attain skills, 
training, or education in partnership with 
industry members on the design, research, 
assessment, development, deployment, 
integration, or application of artificial 
intelligence.
``(iii) Fellowships for industry 
professionals.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation may award fellowships to 
industry professionals to enable recipients to 
seek short-term appointments to instruct and 
educate students on the design, research, 
assessment, development, deployment, 
integration, or application of artificial 
intelligence.
``(iv) Fellowships for school 
professionals.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation may award fellowships to 
teachers, school counselors, and other school 
professionals for professional development 
programs in order to enable recipients to 
attain skills, training, or education in 
partnership with industry members on the 
teaching, use of, or application of artificial 
intelligence in K-12 education settings.
``(v) Awards.--Awards made under this 
subparagraph may be in the form of awards that 
cover the cost of tuition, education-related 
fees, a stipend, and professional development 
funds for up to one year. Such awards shall be 
paid directly to the institution of higher 
education that administers, or is affiliated 
with, the program in which the fellowship 
recipient is participating.
``(F) National science foundation outreach 
campaign.--
``(i) In general.--The Director of the 
National Science Foundation may carry out a 
nationwide outreach campaign to students at 
elementary schools, secondary schools, career 
and technical education schools, institutions 
of higher education, or through other higher 
education and professional education programs 
to increase awareness regarding National 
Science Foundation-funded artificial 
intelligence education opportunities.
``(ii) Priority.--In carrying out the 
campaign described in clause (i), the Director 
of the National Science Foundation may 
prioritize outreach to groups historically 
underrepresented in STEM, including in 
underserved and rural areas.
``(G) Eligibility.--To be eligible to receive a 
scholarship or fellowship under this paragraph, an 
individual shall satisfy all of the following:
``(i) Be a citizen, national, or lawful 
permanent resident of the United States.
``(ii) Demonstrate a commitment to a career 
in advancing the field of artificial 
intelligence.
``(iii) Accept the terms of such 
scholarship or fellowship, as the case may be.
``(H) Report.--
``(i) In general.--Not later than seven 
years after the date of the enactment of this 
subparagraph, the Director of the National 
Science Foundation shall submit to Congress, 
and make widely available to the public, a 
report including any recommendations for 
legislative action that could optimize the 
effectiveness of the scholarships and 
fellowships under this paragraph.
``(ii) Report requirements.--In preparing 
the report under clause (i), the Director of 
the National Science Foundation may, as 
practicable--
``(I) include an assessment of the 
effectiveness of such scholarships and 
fellowships in expanding 
apprenticeships, internships, and other 
applied or experiential learning 
opportunities offered by employers in 
conjunction with community colleges or 
other institutions of higher education;
``(II) assess the number of 
students who received such scholarships 
and fellowships;
``(III) assess the percentage of 
such students who successfully complete 
their education programs and intend to 
enter the workforce;
``(IV) assess the percentage of 
undergraduate, graduate, and post-
doctoral students who enter the 
workforce in a field relating to such a 
scholarship or fellowship;
``(V) assess the impact in the 
number of K-12 teachers, school 
counselors, and other school 
professionals who received such a 
scholarship or fellowship; and
``(VI) include an assessment of the 
effects such scholarships and 
fellowships have on related fields.''.

SEC. 642. COMMUNITY COLLEGE AND AREA CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATIONAL 
SCHOOL CENTERS OF AI EXCELLENCE.

(a) In General.--Subparagraph (B) of section 5401(e)(3) of the 
National Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 
9451(e)(3)) is amended to read as follows:
``(B) Centers of ai excellence.--
``(i) Definitions.--In this subparagraph:
``(I) Area career and technical 
education school.--The term `area 
career and technical education school' 
has the meaning given such term in 
section 3 of the Carl D. Perkins Career 
and Technical Education Act of 2006 (20 
U.S.C. 2302).
``(II) Eligible applicant.--The 
term `eligible applicant' means a 
community college, or area career and 
technical education school, in 
partnership with one or more of the 
following:
``(aa) A Federal, State, 
local, territorial, or Tribal 
government entity.
``(bb) An institution of 
higher education.
``(cc) An entity in private 
industry.
``(dd) An economic 
development organization or 
venture development 
organization.
``(ee) A labor or workforce 
training organization, which 
may include State workforce 
development boards and local 
workforce development boards as 
established under sections 101 
and 107 of the Workforce 
Innovation and Opportunity Act 
(29 U.S.C. 3111 and 3122).
``(ff) A nonprofit 
organization.
``(III) Nonprofit organization.--
The term `nonprofit organization' has 
the meaning given such term in section 
201 of title 35, United States Code.
``(IV) Venture development 
organization.--The term `venture 
development organization' has the 
meaning given such term in section 27 
of the Stevenson-Wydler Technology 
Innovation Act of 1980 (15 U.S.C. 
3722).
``(ii) Establishment of centers of ai 
excellence.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation, in coordination with the 
Regional Technology and Innovation Hub program 
of the Department of Commerce, and leveraging 
the Regional Innovation Engines, the Advanced 
Technological Education program, and other 
programs of the National Science Foundation, 
shall establish up to eight regionally and 
geographically diverse eligible applicants to 
be designated as Community College and Area 
Career and Technical Education Centers of AI 
Excellence (referred to in this subparagraph as 
`Centers of AI Excellence'). Such Centers of AI 
Excellence shall enhance educational outcomes 
and drive workforce development by integrating 
artificial intelligence into teaching, 
learning, and community engagement.
``(iii) Application.--An eligible applicant 
seeking to be designated as a Center of AI 
Excellence shall submit to the Director of the 
National Science Foundation an application at 
such time, in such manner, and containing such 
information as the Director may require. Such 
application shall include the following:
``(I) A description of the focus 
area or areas for such proposed Center 
of AI Excellence and how such area or 
areas are aligned with regional 
investments made by industry and the 
Federal Government.
``(II) A description of the 
capacity of such applicant to carry out 
the purpose of such proposed Center of 
AI Excellence.
``(III) A description of current 
and anticipated future workforce 
demands in occupations directly related 
to such proposed Center of AI 
Excellence.
``(IV) A description of how such 
applicant will support the collection 
of information and data for evaluating 
such proposed Center of AI Excellence.
``(V) Outreach plans for recruiting 
and enrolling women and other 
underrepresented populations.
``(VI) An evaluation plan that 
includes the use of outcome-oriented 
measures to assess the impact and 
efficacy of such proposed Center for AI 
Excellence.
``(iv) Activities.--A Center of AI 
Excellence shall develop and disseminate 
information regarding best practices for 
matters such as the following:
``(I) Artificial intelligence 
research and education at community 
colleges and area career and technical 
education schools.
``(II) Methods to scale up 
successful programs that perform 
research or provide education on 
artificial intelligence at community 
colleges and area career and technical 
education schools.
``(III) Providing educators and 
teachers with actionable strategies and 
resources to effectively integrate 
artificial intelligence into 
curriculums in the classroom.
``(IV) Providing hands-on research 
opportunities on artificial 
intelligence and learning opportunities 
for students that are enabled through 
artificial intelligence.
``(V) Identifying pathways for 
students to jobs that are enabled by 
artificial intelligence.
``(VI) Facilitating partnerships 
with employers, employer consortia, or 
other private sector organizations that 
offer apprenticeships, internships, 
cooperative education, or applied 
learning experiences in the field of 
artificial intelligence.
``(v) Partnerships.--The Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall encourage 
applicants to consider including or partnering 
with a nonprofit organization or an institution 
of higher education (or a consortium thereof) 
that has extensive experience and expertise in 
artificial intelligence.
``(vi) Accountability and dissemination.--
``(I) Evaluation required.--The 
Director of the National Science 
Foundation shall evaluate the 
activities under clause (iv). Such 
evaluation, to the extent practicable, 
shall integrate the findings of 
research resulting from such activity 
or activities as a result of a 
designation under clause (ii) with the 
findings of other research on 
artificial intelligence education.
``(II) Report on evaluation.--Not 
later than 180 days after the 
completion of the evaluation under 
subclause (I), the Director of the 
National Science Foundation shall 
submit to Congress and make widely 
available to the public a report that 
includes the following:
``(aa) The results of such 
evaluation.
``(bb) Any recommendations 
for administrative and 
legislative action that could 
optimize the effectiveness of 
the designations under clause 
(ii).''.

SEC. 643. AWARDS FOR RESEARCH ON ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN EDUCATION.

(a) In General.--Section 5401 of the National Artificial 
Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C. 9451), as amended by 
section 631, is further amended--
(1) by redesignating subsection (h) as subsection (j); and
(2) by inserting after subsection (g) the following new 
subsections:
``(h) Awards for Research on Artificial Intelligence in 
Education.--
``(1) Definitions.--In this subsection:
``(A) Eligible entity.--The term `eligible entity' 
means any of the following:
``(i) An institution of higher education.
``(ii) A nonprofit organization.
``(iii) A consortium of one or more 
institutions of higher education or nonprofit 
organizations and one or more private sector 
entities.
``(B) Nonprofit organization.--The term `nonprofit 
organization' has the meaning given such term in 
section 201 of title 35, United States Code.
``(2) Awards.--
``(A) In general.--The Director of the National 
Science Foundation may make awards on a competitive, 
merit-reviewed basis to eligible entities, to enable 
such entities to promote research regarding teaching 
models, tools, and materials for artificial 
intelligence and its integration into the classroom, 
teaching, and learning for pre-kindergarten through 
grade 12 students who are from low-income, rural, or 
Tribal populations.
``(B) Method.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation may carry out subparagraph (A) by making 
awards through new or existing programs.
``(3) Application.--
``(A) In general.--An eligible entity that seeks an 
award under this subsection shall submit to the 
Director of the National Science Foundation an 
application at such time, in such manner, and 
containing such information as the Director may 
require.
``(B) Contents.--An application under subparagraph 
(A) may include the following:
``(i) A description of the student 
demographics on which the research supported 
under the award at issue would intend to focus.
``(ii) A description of any regional 
partnerships the eligible entity plans to 
utilize with respect to such award.
``(iii) With respect to an application that 
concerns the use or integration of artificial 
intelligence, a description of potential 
ethical concerns and implications of teacher, 
faculty, and student interactions with 
artificial intelligence.
``(iv) A description of how proposed 
research on teaching models, tools, and 
materials was developed in consultation with 
other educators, academia, industry, government 
entities, or civil society organizations.
``(v) Such other information as the 
Director may require.
``(4) Use of award funds.--Awards described in paragraph 
(2)(A) shall be used by the recipient to--
``(A) emphasize preparing incoming K-12 teachers to 
integrate artificial intelligence into their classrooms 
in innovative ways; and
``(B) support research to develop, pilot, fully 
implement, or test areas, such as--
``(i) instructional materials and high-
quality learning opportunities for teaching 
artificial intelligence;
``(ii) models for the preparation of new 
teachers who will teach artificial 
intelligence;
``(iii) scalable models of professional 
development and ongoing support for teachers; 
and
``(iv) tools and models for teaching and 
learning aimed at supporting student success 
and inclusion in artificial intelligence across 
diverse populations, including low-income, 
rural, and Tribal populations.
``(5) Partnerships.--In making awards under this 
subsection, the Director of the National Science Foundation 
shall carry out the following:
``(A) Encourage applicants that, for the purpose of 
the proposed activity or activities funded through such 
award, include or partner with a nonprofit organization 
or an institution of higher education (or a consortium 
thereof) that has extensive experience and expertise in 
integrating artificial intelligence into K-12 
classrooms.
``(B) Encourage applicants that, for the purpose of 
such proposed activity or activities, include or 
partner with a consortium of schools, institutions of 
higher education, school districts, or other State and 
local government entities.
``(C) Encourage applicants that, for the purpose of 
such proposed activity or activities, include 
commitments from school principals, other school 
leaders, or administrators to make a priority reforms 
and activities proposed by the applicant.
``(i) Rural and Underserved Communities Artificial Intelligence 
Collaborative.--
``(1) In general.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation may establish a pilot program of regional cohorts in 
rural and traditionally underserved areas that will provide 
peer support, mentoring, and hands-on research experiences for 
educators, principals, and other school leaders of students in 
kindergarten through grade 12, in order to build a network 
allowing educators, principals, other school leaders to carry 
out the following:
``(A) Engage with one another on educational 
efforts related to teaching and using artificial 
intelligence.
``(B) Interact with researchers, academia, and 
local industry involved in artificial intelligence.
``(2) Method.--The Director of the National Science 
Foundation may carry out this subsection by making awards 
through new or existing programs, including the pilot program 
authorized under section 10511(a)(2)(B) of the Research and 
Development, Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 
19172(a)(2)(B)).''.

SEC. 644. NATIONAL STEM TEACHER CORPS.

Paragraph (6) of section 10311(c) of the Research and Development, 
Competition, and Innovation Act (42 U.S.C. 18991(c)) is amended--
(1) in subparagraph (F), by striking ``and'' after the 
semicolon;
(2) in subparagraph (G), by striking the period at the end 
and inserting a semicolon; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraphs:
``(H) incorporating artificial intelligence skills 
development into the National STEM Teacher Corps; and
``(I) considering whether to develop artificial 
intelligence best practices for high school teachers, 
developed in consultation with other educators and 
academia.''.
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