H.R. 9222

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 9222 Introduced in House (IH)]

<DOC>

119th CONGRESS
2d Session
H. R. 9222

To ban stock trading and prediction market participation for the 
President, Vice President, and Members of Congress, suspend pay for 
Members of Congress during shutdowns, establish term limits for 
Congress, establish term limits and ethics rules for the Supreme Court, 
reform the presidential pardon power, revoke the statute of limitations 
for the President and Vice President, strengthen the foreign and 
domestic emoluments clauses, overturn Citizens United, ban dark money, 
corporate PACs, and partisan gerrymandering, end voter suppression, and 
restrict government pensions for felony convictions and lawsuits by the 
President, and for other purposes.

_______________________________________________________________________

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

June 9, 2026

Mr. Landsman (for himself and Mr. Riley of New York) introduced the 
following bill; which was referred to the Committee on the Judiciary, 
and in addition to the Committees on Oversight and Government Reform, 
House Administration, Ways and Means, and Rules, for a period to be 
subsequently determined by the Speaker, in each case for consideration 
of such provisions as fall within the jurisdiction of the committee 
concerned

_______________________________________________________________________

A BILL

To ban stock trading and prediction market participation for the 
President, Vice President, and Members of Congress, suspend pay for 
Members of Congress during shutdowns, establish term limits for 
Congress, establish term limits and ethics rules for the Supreme Court, 
reform the presidential pardon power, revoke the statute of limitations 
for the President and Vice President, strengthen the foreign and 
domestic emoluments clauses, overturn Citizens United, ban dark money, 
corporate PACs, and partisan gerrymandering, end voter suppression, and 
restrict government pensions for felony convictions and lawsuits by the 
President, and for other purposes.

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

This Act may be cited as the ``Drain the Swamp Act''.

SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS.

The table of contents for this Act is as follows:

Sec. 1. Short title.
Sec. 2. Table of contents.
TITLE I--RESTORE TRUST IN GOVERNMENT ACT

Sec. 101. Short title.
Sec. 102. Restrictions on trade and ownership of covered investments.
TITLE II--NO PAY FOR CONGRESS DURING DEFAULT OR GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN

Sec. 201. Short title.
Sec. 202. Requiring reduction of pay of Members of Congress if public 
debt limit is reached.
Sec. 203. Requiring reduction of pay of Members of Congress if 
Government shutdown occurs.
Sec. 204. Role of Secretary of the Treasury.
Sec. 205. Definitions.
TITLE III--SUPREME COURT DURATION OF ACTIVE SERVICE

Sec. 301. Short title.
Sec. 302. Supreme Court terms of office.
Sec. 303. Senior justices.
TITLE IV--CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT FOR CONGRESSIONAL TERM LIMITS

Sec. 401. Constitutional amendment for congressional term limits.
TITLE V--SUPREME COURT ETHICS REQUIREMENTS

Sec. 501. Short title.
Sec. 502. Establishment of the Office of Ethics Counsel within the 
Supreme Court of the United States.
Sec. 503. Establishment of the Office of Investigative Counsel within 
the Supreme Court of the United States.
Sec. 504. Severability.
TITLE VI--PREVENTING ABUSES OF PRESIDENTIAL POWER

Sec. 600. Short title.
Subtitle A--Abuse of the Pardon Power Prevention

Sec. 601. Short title.
Sec. 602. Congressional oversight relating to certain pardons.
Sec. 603. Bribery in connection with pardons and commutations.
Sec. 604. Prohibition on presidential self-pardon.
Subtitle B--Ensuring No President Is Above the Law

Sec. 611. Short title.
Sec. 612. Tolling of statute of limitations.
Sec. 613. Contracts by the President, the Vice President, or a cabinet 
member.
Sec. 614. Forfeiture of benefits for former Presidents convicted of a 
felony.
Subtitle C--Enforcement of the Emoluments Clauses of the Constitution

Sec. 621. Short title.
Sec. 622. Definitions.
Sec. 623. Prohibition on acceptance of foreign emoluments.
Sec. 624. Civil actions by Congress concerning foreign emoluments.
Sec. 625. Prohibiting senior Federal officials from accepting foreign 
payments.
Sec. 626. Disclosures concerning foreign and domestic emoluments.
Sec. 627. Enforcement authority for Office of Government Ethics and 
financial disclosures.
Sec. 628. Jurisdiction of the Office of Special Counsel.
Sec. 629. Rulemaking for ethics requirements for legal expense funds.
Sec. 630. Limitations and disclosure of certain donations to, and 
disbursements by, inaugural committees.
Sec. 631. Prohibition on payments to the President of Federal or State 
government funds.
Sec. 632. Prohibition on payments to the President from individuals 
receiving government positions or grants of 
clemency from the President.
Sec. 633. Penalties.
Sec. 634. Exceptions.
Sec. 635. Severability.
Subtitle D--Investigative Integrity Protection

Sec. 641. Short title.
Sec. 642. Presidential oversight of Attorney General.
TITLE VII--CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO OVERTURN CITIZENS UNITED

Sec. 701. Constitutional amendment to overturn Citizens United.
TITLE VIII--REPORTING OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSEMENTS

Sec. 801. Short title.
Sec. 802. Reporting of campaign-related disbursements.
Sec. 803. Reporting of Federal judicial nomination disbursements.
Sec. 804. Coordination with FinCEN.
Sec. 805. Application of foreign money ban to disbursements for 
campaign-related disbursements consisting 
of covered transfers.
Sec. 806. Sense of Congress regarding implementation.
Sec. 807. Effective date.
TITLE IX--BAN CORPORATE PACS ACT

Sec. 901. Short title.
Sec. 902. Limiting authority of corporations to establish or operate 
separate segregated funds for political 
purposes to nonprofit corporations.
Sec. 903. Effective date; transition for existing funds and committees.
TITLE X--NONPARTISAN REDISTRICTING REFORM

Sec. 1001. Short title.
Sec. 1002. Finding of constitutional authority.
Sec. 1003. Ban on mid-decade redistricting.
Sec. 1004. Criteria for redistricting.
Sec. 1005. Development of plan.
Sec. 1006. Failure by State to enact plan.
Sec. 1007. Civil enforcement.
Sec. 1008. No effect on elections for State and local office.
Sec. 1009. Effective date.
TITLE XI--JOHN R. LEWIS VOTING RIGHTS ADVANCEMENT ACT

Sec. 1101. Short title.
Sec. 1102. Vote dilution, denial, and abridgment claims.
Sec. 1103. Retrogression.
Sec. 1104. Violations triggering authority of court to retain 
jurisdiction.
Sec. 1105. Criteria for coverage of States and political subdivisions.
Sec. 1106. Determination of States and Political Subdivisions Subject 
to Preclearance for Covered Practices.
Sec. 1107. Promoting transparency to enforce the Voting Rights Act.
Sec. 1108. Authority to assign observers.
Sec. 1109. Clarification of authority to seek relief.
Sec. 1110. Preventive relief.
Sec. 1111. Relief for violations of voting rights laws.
Sec. 1112. Enforcement of Voting Rights by Attorney General.
Sec. 1113. Definitions.
Sec. 1114. Attorneys' fees.
Sec. 1115. Other technical and conforming amendments.
Sec. 1116. Severability.
Sec. 1117. Grants to assist with notice requirements under the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965.
TITLE XII--RESTRICTIONS ON GOVERNMENT PENSIONS FOR FELONY CONVICTIONS

Sec. 1201. Federal retirement benefits forfeiture for Members of 
Congress and cabinet members convicted of 
certain crimes.
Sec. 1202. Forfeiture of benefits for former Presidents convicted of a 
felony.
TITLE XIII--RESTRICTION ON LAWSUITS BY PRESIDENT

Sec. 1301. Exceptions to Federal Tort Claims Act.
TITLE XIV--PROHIBITION ON PREDICTION MARKET PARTICIPATION

Sec. 1401. Short title.
Sec. 1402. Restrictions on trading on prediction markets.

TITLE I--RESTORE TRUST IN GOVERNMENT ACT

SECTION 101. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``Restore Trust in Government Act''.

SEC. 102. RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE AND OWNERSHIP OF COVERED INVESTMENTS.

(a) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 131 of 
title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

subchapter iv. restrictions on trade and ownership of covered 
investments

13151. Definitions.
13152. Trade and ownership of covered investments.
13153. Penalties.
(b) Restrictions.--Chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end a new subchapter:

``SUBCHAPTER IV--RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE AND OWNERSHIP OF COVERED 
INVESTMENTS

``Sec. 13151. Definitions
``In this subchapter:
``(1) Commodity.--The term `commodity'--
``(A) has the meaning given the term in section 1a 
of the Commodity Exchange Act (7 U.S.C. 1a); and
``(B) does not include a precious metal (as defined 
in section 1027.100 of title 31, Code of Federal 
Regulations).
``(2) Covered individual.--The term `covered individual' 
means any of the following:
``(A) A Member of Congress, as defined in section 
13101.
``(B) A dependent child (as defined in section 
13101) or a spouse of a Member of Congress.
``(C) A trustee of a trust in which an individual 
described in subparagraph (A) or (B) has a beneficial 
interest in the principal or income of the trust as 
described in section 1403(b)(5) of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986.
``(D) The President, or the spouse or a dependent 
child (as defined in section 13101) of the President.
``(E) The Vice President, or the spouse or a 
dependent child (as defined in section 13101) of the 
Vice President.
``(F) The Chief Justice of the United States, or 
the spouse or a dependent child (as defined in section 
13101) of the Chief Justice.
``(G) An Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, or 
the spouse or a dependent child (as defined in section 
13101) of an Associate Justice.
``(3) Covered investment.--The term `covered investment'--
``(A) means an investment in a security, a 
commodity, a future, or any comparable economic 
interest acquired through synthetic means, such as the 
use of a derivative, including an option, warrant, or 
other similar means; and
``(B) does not include--
``(i) a widely held investment fund 
described in section 13104(f)(8) that is 
diversified and publicly traded on a national 
or regional stock exchange;
``(ii) a United States Treasury bill, note, 
or bond;
``(iii) a State or municipal government 
bill, note, or bond;
``(iv) any compensation received by a 
spouse or a dependent child described in 
paragraph (2) from an employer of the spouse or 
dependent child;
``(v) an interest in a small business 
concern and, in the case of an investment in a 
family farm or ranch that qualifies as an 
interest in a small business concern, a future 
or commodity directly related to the farming 
activities and products of the farm or ranch;
``(vi) an interest in a limited liability 
company created for the sole purpose of 
purchasing or holding real estate that serves 
as the personal residences of the Member of 
Congress;
``(vii) any share of Settlement Common 
Stock issued under section 7(g)(1)(A) of the 
Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 
1606(g)(1)(A)); or
``(viii) any share of Settlement Common 
Stock, as defined in section 3 of the Alaska 
Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602).
``(4) Diversified.--The term `diversified', with respect to 
an investment fund, means such fund does not have a stated 
policy of concentrating its investments in any industry, 
business, single country other than the United States, or bonds 
of a single State within the United States except for the State 
in which the Member of Congress resides.
``(5) Future.--The term `future' means a financial contract 
obligating the buyer to purchase an asset or the seller to sell 
an asset, such as a physical commodity or a financial 
investment, at a predetermined future date and price.
``(6) Security.--The term `security' has the meaning given 
the term in section 3(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(15 U.S.C. 78c(a)).
``(7) Small business concern.--The term `small business 
concern' has the meaning given that term under section 3 of the 
Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632).
``(8) Supervising ethics office.--The term `supervising 
ethics office' has the meaning given the term in section 13101.
``Sec. 13152. Trade and ownership of covered investments
``(a) Conduct During Federal Service.--Except as described in 
subsection (b)(1)(B) and subsections (e) through (g), no covered 
individual may, directly or indirectly, own or trade a covered 
investment.
``(b) Compliance.--
``(1) Requirement.--To comply with subsection (a)--
``(A) a covered individual may not purchase a 
covered investment; and
``(B) a covered individual shall divest of any 
covered investment by the effective date established in 
paragraph (2) at fair market value.
``(2) Effective date.--The effective date is established as 
follows:
``(A) 180 days for an individual who is a covered 
individual on the date of enactment of the Restore 
Trust in Government Act.
``(B) 90 days within the date on which an 
individual becomes a covered individual if such date 
occurs after the date of enactment of the Restore Trust 
in Government Act.
``(c) Certificates of Divestiture.--
``(1) Application of certificate of divestiture program.--
For purposes of section 1043 of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986--
``(A) this section shall be treated as a Federal 
conflict of interest statute;
``(B) any covered individual described in section 
13151(2)(A) shall be treated as an eligible person 
described in section 1043(b)(1)(A) of such Code; and
``(C) any spouse or dependent child described in 
section 13151(2)(B) shall be treated as an eligible 
person described in section 1043(b)(1)(B) of such Code.
``(2) Issuance of certificate of divestiture.--
``(A) In general.--Each supervising ethics office 
shall issue a certificate of divestiture to each 
covered individual required to divest under this 
subchapter upon submission of proof of compliance by 
such individual with the requirements to divest or any 
extensions granted by the supervising ethics office.
``(B) Eligibility.--Such certificate shall include 
an identification of each specific property eligible 
for the application of the certificate of divestiture 
program as determined by the supervising ethics office.
``(d) Income Tax.--A loss from a transaction or holding involving a 
covered financial instrument that is conducted in violation of this 
section may not be deducted from the amount of income tax owed by the 
covered individual.
``(e) Occupational Exception.--A spouse or dependent child of a 
covered individual as described in section 13151(2)(B) may trade any 
covered investment if such covered investment is not owned by a covered 
individual and if such trade is performed as a function of the primary 
occupation of the spouse or dependent child.
``(f) Trusts.--
``(1) Qualified blind trust.--Any covered investment held 
in a qualified blind trust as defined in section 13104(f)(3) 
shall be divested in accordance with subsection (b)(1)(B) by 
the effective date established in subsection (b)(2).
``(2) Family trust.--A supervising ethics office may grant 
an exemption for covered investments held in a family trust 
only if--
``(A) no covered individual--
``(i) is a grantor of the family trust;
``(ii) contributed any covered investment 
to the family trust; or
``(iii) has any authority over a trustee of 
the family trust, including the authority to 
appoint, replace, or direct the actions of such 
a trustee; and
``(B) the grantor of the family trust is or was a 
family member of the covered individual.
``(3) Requests.--A covered individual seeking an exemption 
under paragraph (2) shall submit to the applicable supervising 
ethics office a request for the exemption, in writing, 
certifying that the conditions described in that paragraph are 
met.
``(g) Assets Acquired in Special Circumstances.--In the event that 
a covered individual acquires a covered investment after the date of 
enactment of the Restore Trust in Government Act other than by purchase 
(such as by marriage, inheritance, divorce settlement, or other 
circumstance), the covered individual shall have 90 days from the date 
on which such investment was acquired to divest such covered investment 
at fair market value.
``(h) Extension.--A supervising ethics office may grant a covered 
individual an extension of time to comply with a divestment deadline 
under this subchapter if a covered investment cannot be divested by 
such deadline due to low liquidity, vesting schedules, or contractual 
restrictions.
``(i) Interpretative Guidance.--The supervising ethics office shall 
issue interpretive guidance on any relevant term not defined in this 
subchapter.
``Sec. 13153. Penalties
``(a) In General.--
``(1) Penalties.--Any covered individual who violates the 
restrictions on trading or ownership of covered investments in 
section 13152 shall, at the direction of the supervising ethics 
office--
``(A) pay a fee equal to ten percent of the value 
of the covered investment; and
``(B) disgorge the profits of any transaction that 
violates the provisions of this subchapter.
``(2) Payment of penalty to treasury.--A penalty imposed 
under paragraph (1)(B) shall be payable into the Treasury of 
the United States.
``(b) Payment Restrictions.--A Member of Congress may not pay any 
of the penalties under this section by using amounts from the following 
sources:
``(1) The Members' Representational Allowance.
``(2) The Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense 
Account.
``(3) Any contribution (as defined in section 301(8) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(8))) 
accepted as a candidate, and any other donation received as 
support for activities of the individual as a holder of Federal 
office.
``(c) Publication.--Each supervising ethics office shall publish on 
a publicly available website a description of--
``(1) each fine assessed by the supervising ethics office 
pursuant to this section;
``(2) the reason why each such fine was assessed; and
``(3) the result of each assessment.''.

TITLE II--NO PAY FOR CONGRESS DURING DEFAULT OR GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN

SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``No Pay for Congress During Default 
or Government Shutdown Act''.

SEC. 202. REQUIRING REDUCTION OF PAY OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS IF PUBLIC 
DEBT LIMIT IS REACHED.

(a) Reduction of Pay for Each Day of Government Shutdown.--
(1) In general.--If on any day during a year the public 
debt limit is reached, the annual rate of pay applicable under 
section 601(a) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 
U.S.C. 4501) with respect to each Member of Congress for the 
year shall be reduced by an amount equal to the product of--
(A) an amount equal to one day's worth of pay under 
such annual rate; and
(B) the number of 24-hour periods during which the 
public debt limit is reached.
(2) Effective date.--This subsection shall apply with 
respect to days occurring after the date of the regularly 
scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 
2026.
(b) Special Rule for One Hundred Nineteenth Congress.--
(1) Holding salaries in escrow.--If on any day during the 
One Hundred Nineteenth Congress the public debt limit is 
reached, the payroll administrator of that House of Congress 
shall--
(A) withhold from the payments otherwise required 
to be made with respect to a pay period for the 
compensation of each Member of Congress who serves in 
that House of Congress an amount equal to the product 
of--
(i) an amount equal to one day's worth of 
pay under the annual rate of pay applicable to 
the Member under section 601(a) of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 
U.S.C. 4501); and
(ii) the number of 24-hour periods during 
which the public debt limit is reached which 
occur during the pay period; and
(B) deposit in an escrow account all amounts 
withheld under subparagraph (A).
(2) Release of amounts at end of the congress.--In order to 
ensure that this subsection is carried out in a manner that 
shall not vary the compensation of Members of Congress in 
violation of the twenty-seventh article of amendment to the 
Constitution of the United States, the payroll administrator of 
a House of Congress shall release for payments to Members of 
that House of Congress any amounts remaining in any escrow 
account under this subsection on the last day of the One 
Hundred Nineteenth Congress.
(3) Exception for days occurring after general election.--
This subsection does not apply with respect to any day during 
the One Hundred Nineteenth Congress which occurs after the date 
of the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office 
held in November 2026.
(c) Determination of Reaching of Public Debt Limit.--For purposes 
of this section, the public debt limit shall be considered to be 
reached if the Federal Government is unable to make payments or meet 
obligations because the public debt limit under section 3101 of title 
31, United States Code, has been reached.

SEC. 203. REQUIRING REDUCTION OF PAY OF MEMBERS OF CONGRESS IF 
GOVERNMENT SHUTDOWN OCCURS.

(a) Reduction of Pay for Each Day of Government Shutdown.--
(1) In general.--If on any day during a year a Government 
shutdown is in effect, the annual rate of pay applicable under 
section 601(a) of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 
U.S.C. 4501) with respect to each Member of Congress for the 
year shall be reduced by an amount equal to the product of--
(A) an amount equal to one day's worth of pay under 
such annual rate; and
(B) the number of 24-hour periods during which the 
Government shutdown is in effect.
(2) Effective date.--This subsection shall apply with 
respect to days occurring after the date of the regularly 
scheduled general election for Federal office held in November 
2026.
(b) Special Rule for One Hundred Nineteenth Congress.--
(1) Holding salaries in escrow.--If on any day during the 
One Hundred Nineteenth Congress a Government shutdown is in 
effect, the payroll administrator of that House of Congress 
shall--
(A) withhold from the payments otherwise required 
to be made with respect to a pay period for the 
compensation of each Member of Congress who serves in 
that House of Congress an amount equal to the product 
of--
(i) an amount equal to one day's worth of 
pay under the annual rate of pay applicable to 
the Member under section 601(a) of the 
Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946 (2 
U.S.C. 4501); and
(ii) the number of 24-hour periods during 
which the Government shutdown is in effect 
which occur during the pay period; and
(B) deposit in an escrow account all amounts 
withheld under subparagraph (A).
(2) Release of amounts at end of the congress.--In order to 
ensure that this subsection is carried out in a manner that 
shall not vary the compensation of Senators or Representatives 
in violation of the twenty-seventh article of amendment to the 
Constitution of the United States, the payroll administrator of 
a House of Congress shall release for payments to Members of 
that House of Congress any amounts remaining in any escrow 
account under this subsection on the last day of the One 
Hundred Nineteenth Congress.
(3) Exception for days occurring after general election.--
This subsection does not apply with respect to any day during 
the One Hundred Nineteenth Congress which occurs after the date 
of the regularly scheduled general election for Federal office 
held in November 2026.
(c) Determination of Government Shutdown.--For purposes of this 
section, a Government shutdown shall be considered to be in effect if 
there is a lapse in appropriations for any Federal agency or department 
as a result of a failure to enact a regular appropriations bill or 
continuing resolution.

SEC. 204. ROLE OF SECRETARY OF THE TREASURY.

The Secretary of the Treasury shall provide the payroll 
administrators of the Houses of Congress with such assistance as may be 
necessary to enable the payroll administrators to carry out this title.

SEC. 205. DEFINITIONS.

(a) Member of Congress.--In this title, the term ``Member of 
Congress'' means an individual serving in a position under subparagraph 
(A), (B), or (C) of section 601(a) of the Legislative Reorganization 
Act of 1946 (2 U.S.C. 4501).
(b) Payroll Administrator.--In this title, the ``payroll 
administrator'' of a House of Congress means--
(1) in the case of the House of Representatives, the Chief 
Administrative Officer of the House of Representatives, or an 
employee of the Office of the Chief Administrative Officer who 
is designated by the Chief Administrative Officer to carry out 
this title; and
(2) in the case of the Senate, the Secretary of the Senate, 
or an employee of the Office of the Secretary of the Senate who 
is designated by the Secretary to carry out this title.

TITLE III--SUPREME COURT DURATION OF ACTIVE SERVICE

SECTION 301. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``Supreme Court Tenure Establishment 
and Retirement Modernization Act''.

SEC. 302. SUPREME COURT TERMS OF OFFICE.

(a) In General.--Chapter 1 of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 7. Appointment
``(a) Regular Appointment of Justices.--The President shall, during 
the first and third years after a year in which there is a Presidential 
election, nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate, appoint one justice of the Supreme Court.
``(b) Exclusive Method of Appointment.--The President shall not 
appoint any justice of the Supreme Court except as provided in this 
section.
``(c) Limitation on Repeat Appointments.--An individual, once 
confirmed by the Senate, may only serve one 18-year term as a Supreme 
Court Justice.
``(d) Senate Confirmation.--
``(1) In general.--The Senate shall exercise its authority 
to provide advice and consent on nominations made under 
subsection (a) not later than 90 days after the date on which 
the individual is nominated by the President.
``(2) Withdrawal or disapproval.--If the President 
withdraws a nomination under subsection (a) or the Senate 
disapproves such a nomination, the President shall make another 
nomination under subsection (a). The Senate shall exercise its 
authority to provide advice and consent on such a subsequent 
nomination not later than 120 days after the date on which the 
individual is nominated by the President.
``Sec. 8. Duration of active service
``(a) New Justices.--Each justice shall serve in regular active 
service for 18 years beginning on the date on which the justice is 
sworn in, after which the justice shall be deemed to have retired from 
regular active service under section 371.
``(b) Current Justices.--Each justice who was appointed before the 
date of enactment of this section and who is serving as a justice on 
the date of enactment of this section shall, notwithstanding the period 
of service of the justice, in order of duration of service beginning 
with the justice who has served on the Supreme Court for the longest 
period of time, be deemed to have retired from regular active service 
under section 371(b) upon the date of commission of each new justice as 
they are appointed under section 7.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 1 of 
title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following:

``7. Appointment.
``8. Duration of active service.''.

SEC. 303. SENIOR JUSTICES.

Section 294 of title 28, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (d), by striking the period at the end 
and inserting ``except as provided by subsection (e).'';
(2) by redesignating subsection (e) as subsection (f); and
(3) by inserting after subsection (d) the following:
``(e) In the event that the number of justices of the Supreme Court 
falls below that provided in section 1 due to vacancy, disability, or 
disqualification, a justice of the Supreme Court who has retired from 
regular active service under section 371 but retained their office 
shall be chosen by the Chief Justice through a publicly transparent and 
randomized process to serve as an associate justice until the number of 
justices who have not retired from regular active service equals that 
provided in section 1.''.

TITLE IV--CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT FOR CONGRESSIONAL TERM LIMITS

SEC. 401. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT FOR CONGRESSIONAL TERM LIMITS.

The following article is proposed as an amendment to the 
Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents 
and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the 
legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years 
after the date of its submission for ratification:

``Article--

``Section 1. No person who has served 9 terms as a Representative 
shall be eligible for election to the House of Representatives. For 
purposes of this section, the election of a person to fill a vacancy in 
the House of Representatives shall be included as 1 term in determining 
the number of terms that such person has served as a Representative if 
the person fills the vacancy for more than 1 year.
``Section 2. No person who has served 3 terms as a Senator shall be 
eligible for election or appointment to the Senate. For purposes of 
this section, the election or appointment of a person to fill a vacancy 
in the Senate shall be included as 1 term in determining the number of 
terms that such person has served as a Senator if the person fills the 
vacancy for more than 3 years.
``Section 3. No term beginning before the date of the ratification 
of this article shall be taken into account in determining eligibility 
for election or appointment under this article.''.

TITLE V--SUPREME COURT ETHICS REQUIREMENTS

SEC. 501. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``Supreme Court Ethics and 
Investigations Act''.

SEC. 502. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OFFICE OF ETHICS COUNSEL WITHIN THE 
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

(a) In General.--Chapter 45 of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 678. Office of Ethics Counsel
``(a) The Office of Ethics Counsel.--The Chief Justice is 
authorized to establish an Office of Ethics Counsel within the Supreme 
Court of the United States--
``(1) constituted by one chief ethics counsel who may 
employ such officers and employees, subject to the provisions 
of title 5, governing appointments in the competitive service, 
and the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 
53 of such title relating to classification and General 
Schedule pay rates; and
``(2) to advise and provide guidance to justices of the 
Supreme Court, and their spouses, on matters of judicial 
ethics, including--
``(A) financial disclosure requirements;
``(B) the acceptance of gifts;
``(C) political activity;
``(D) conflicts of interest and recusal; and
``(E) the unauthorized disclosure of official Court 
documents.
``(b) Ethics Counsels.--
``(1) Staffing and compensation of counsels.--
``(A) Chief ethics counsel.--The chief ethics 
counsel within the Office of Ethics Counsel--
``(i) may not be employed by the Court on 
the date of enactment of this section;
``(ii) shall be appointed by the Chief 
Justice;
``(iii) shall serve not more than two 6-
year terms; and
``(iv) shall receive an annual rate of pay 
of at least $225,000.
``(B) Other counsels.--Any counsel other than the 
chief ethics counsel within the Office of Ethics 
Counsel--
``(i) may not be employed by the Court on 
the date of enactment of this section;
``(ii) shall be appointed by the chief 
ethics counsel;
``(iii) shall serve not more than two 6-
year terms; and
``(iv) shall receive an annual rate of pay 
of at least $180,000.
``(2) Qualifications.--Each counsel of the Office of Ethics 
Counsel shall--
``(A) be licensed to practice law in a State or 
territory of the United States and a member of the bar 
in good standing; and
``(B) possess at least 5 years of experience as a 
practicing attorney.
``(3) Expertise.--Each counsel shall be an individual of 
exceptional public standing who is specifically qualified to 
serve within the Office of Ethics Counsel by virtue of the 
individual's education, training, and experience, as determined 
by the Chief Justice.
``(4) Termination of counsels.--The employment of a counsel 
may only be terminated by the Chief Justice for cause.
``(c) Training.--On a biannual basis, the Office of Ethics Counsel 
shall provide, and each justice shall take, a training course on the 
judicial ethics matters described in subsection (a)(2).
``(d) Report.--On an annual basis, the chief ethics counsel shall 
submit to the Committees on the Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives and of the Senate a report on the ethics advice given 
by the Office of Ethics Counsel during the previous year, including--
``(1) the number of times advice was sought and given;
``(2) whether the advice was sought by judicial officers or 
by judicial employees;
``(3) information about the topics covered by the advice 
given, including the number of questions related to gifts, 
financial disclosures, nonpublic information, and political 
activity;
``(4) the number and types of mitigation measures that were 
recommended, including recusal, divestiture, and resignation; 
and
``(5) the number of times advice described in this 
subsection was not followed by the individual to whom it was 
given, if known by the Office.
``(e) Definitions.--In this section:
``(1) The term `gift' means any gratuity, favor, discount, 
entertainment, hospitality, loan, forbearance, or other item 
having monetary value. The term includes services as well as 
gifts of training, transportation, local travel, lodgings and 
meals, whether provided in-kind, by purchase of a ticket, 
payment in advance, or reimbursement after the expense has been 
incurred.
``(2) The term `political activity' means political 
engagements, such as paid speaking events, fundraisers, or 
donations to political parties, politicians, political action 
groups, or endorsements of political candidates.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents of chapter 45 of 
title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 678 the following:

``678. Office of Ethics Counsel.''.

SEC. 503. ESTABLISHMENT OF THE OFFICE OF INVESTIGATIVE COUNSEL WITHIN 
THE SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

(a) In General.--Chapter 45 of title 28, United States Code, as 
amended by section 502, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``Sec. 679. Office of Investigative Counsel
``(a) Office of Investigative Counsel.--The Chief Justice is 
authorized to establish an Office of Investigative Counsel within the 
Supreme Court of the United States--
``(1) constituted by one Chief Investigative Counsel and at 
least two additional investigative counsels; and
``(2) to review and investigate ethics complaints against 
justices arising from their actions or the actions of their 
spouses and dependents.
``(b) Investigative Counsels.--
``(1) Staffing and compensation of counsels.--
``(A) Chief investigative counsel.--The Chief 
Investigative Counsel--
``(i) may not be employed by the court on 
the date of enactment of this section;
``(ii) shall be appointed by the Chief 
Justice;
``(iii) shall serve not more than one 6-
year term; and
``(iv) shall receive an annual rate of pay 
of at least $225,000.
``(B) Additional investigative counsels.--The 
investigative counsels--
``(i) may not be employed by the court on 
the date of enactment of this section;
``(ii) shall be appointed by the Chief 
Investigative Counsel;
``(iii) shall serve at the pleasure of the 
Chief Investigative Counsel; and
``(iv) shall receive an annual rate of pay 
of at least $180,000.
``(C) Qualifications.--Each investigative counsel 
of the Office of Investigative Counsel shall--
``(i) be licensed to practice law in a 
State or territory of the United States and a 
member of the bar in good standing; and
``(ii) possess at least 7 years of 
experience as a practicing attorney.
``(D) Expertise.--Each investigative counsel and 
the Chief Investigative Counsel shall be an individual 
of exceptional public standing who is specifically 
qualified to serve within the Office of Investigative 
Counsel by virtue of the individual's education, 
training, and experience.
``(E) Termination of counsels.--The employment of 
the Chief Investigative Counsel may only be terminated 
by the Chief Justice for cause.
``(2) Subpoena power.--
``(A) In general.--For the discharge of their 
duties, the Chief Investigative Counsel shall have the 
authority to issue subpoenas to compel witnesses to 
appear and testify and to produce books, papers, 
correspondence, memoranda, documents, or other relevant 
records. The Chief Investigative Counsel may issue 
subpoenas requiring the attendance and testimony of 
witnesses and the production of any evidence relating 
to any matter under investigation by the Office of 
Investigative Counsel, which the Office is empowered to 
investigate by this section. The attendance of 
witnesses and the production of evidence may be 
required from any place within the United States at any 
designated place of hearing within the United States.
``(B) Failure to obey a subpoena.--If a person 
refuses to obey a subpoena issued under subparagraph 
(A), the Chief Investigative Counsel may apply to a 
United States district court for an order requiring 
that person to appear before the Office of 
Investigative Counsel to give testimony, produce 
evidence, or both, relating to the matter under 
investigation. The application may be made within the 
judicial district where the hearing is conducted or 
where that person is found, resides, or transacts 
business. Any failure to obey the order of the court 
shall be punishable by contempt of court.
``(C) Service of subpoenas.--The subpoenas of the 
Office of Investigative Counsel shall be served in the 
manner provided for subpoenas issued by a United States 
district court under the Federal Rules of Civil 
Procedure for the United States district courts.
``(D) Service of process.--All process of any court 
to which application is made under subparagraph (B) may 
be served in the judicial district in which the person 
required to be served resides or may be found.
``(c) Ethics Complaints.--
``(1) Filing.--An ethics complaint against a justice may be 
filed with the Office of Investigative Counsel by--
``(A) the chair or ranking minority member of the 
Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives or of the Senate;
``(B) the Majority Leader or Minority Leader of the 
Senate; or
``(C) the Speaker or the Minority Leader of the 
House of Representatives.
``(2) Review.--Not later than 60 days after an ethics 
complaint is filed under paragraph (1), the Office of 
Investigative Counsel shall review the complaint and determine 
whether a full investigation is appropriate. In making a 
determination under this paragraph, the Office shall consider 
whether the alleged behavior of a justice violates the Code of 
Conduct of the Supreme Court, the Judicial Code of Conduct, or 
any applicable law or regulation. Upon making a determination 
under this paragraph, the chief counsel shall respond to each 
ethics complaint filed under paragraph (1), regardless of 
whether the Office of Investigative Counsel determines that an 
investigation is appropriate.
``(3) Investigation.--If the Office determines that a full 
investigation is appropriate, it shall open the investigation 
not later than 15 days after making such determination.
``(4) Reporting.--
``(A) In general.--The Office of Investigative 
Counsel shall submit to the Chief Justice a report 
containing its findings and recommendations about an 
ethics complaint filed under paragraph (2) (including 
in the case of a complaint with respect to which the 
Office determines that no violation has occurred), 
except that in the case of an ethics complaint with 
respect to which the Chief Justice is the subject, the 
Office shall deliver such report to the most senior 
associate justice.
``(B) Contents.--A report under subparagraph (A) 
shall include--
``(i) each violation of the Code of Conduct 
for the Supreme Court committed by the justice 
who was the subject of the investigation under 
paragraph (3), including any such violation 
that arose as a result of the actions of a 
spouse or dependent of the justice; and
``(ii) substantive and actionable 
recommendations from the Office of 
Investigative Counsel including recusal, 
divestment and neutralization conflicts of 
interest, and other remedies.
``(C) Publication.--
``(i) Chief justice.--The Chief Justice 
may, in his sole discretion, release to the 
public a report received under subparagraph 
(A), but may not alter such a report in any 
way, except to redact any classified or 
personally identifiable information. In the 
case of an ethics complaint with respect to 
which the Chief Justice is the subject, the 
most senior associate justice is authorized to 
carry out this clause.
``(ii) Availability to congress.--Not later 
than 10 days after completing a report under 
subparagraph (A), the Office of Investigative 
Counsel shall make the report available to--
``(I) the Committees on the 
Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives and of the Senate;
``(II) the Committee on Oversight 
and Government Reform of the House of 
Representatives; and
``(III) the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of 
the Senate.
``(iii) Duty to inform the attorney 
general.--In carrying out the duties of the 
Office, the Investigative Counsel shall report 
expeditiously to the Attorney General whenever 
the Investigative Counsel has reasonable 
grounds to believe there has been a violation 
of Federal criminal law.''.
(b) Clerical Amendment.--The table of contents of chapter 45 of 
title 28, United States Code, is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 678, as added by section 2, the following:

``679. Office of Investigative Counsel.''.

SEC. 504. SEVERABILITY.

If any provision of this title, or any application of such 
provision to any person or circumstance, is held to be 
unconstitutional, the remainder of this title and the application of 
this title to any other person or circumstance shall not be affected.

TITLE VI--PREVENTING ABUSES OF PRESIDENTIAL POWER

SEC. 600. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``Division A of the Protecting Our 
Democracy Act''.

Subtitle A--Abuse of the Pardon Power Prevention

SEC. 601. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the ``Abuse of the Pardon Power 
Prevention Act''.

SEC. 602. CONGRESSIONAL OVERSIGHT RELATING TO CERTAIN PARDONS.

(a) Submission of Information.--Not later than 30 days after the 
date on which the President grants an individual a pardon for a covered 
offense, the Attorney General shall submit to the chair and ranking 
member of each appropriate congressional committee--
(1) all materials obtained or produced by the prosecution 
team, including the Attorney General and any United States 
Attorney, and all materials obtained or prepared by any 
investigative agency of the Federal Government, relating to the 
offense for which the individual was pardoned; and
(2) all materials obtained or produced by the Department of 
Justice in relation to the pardon.
(b) Treatment of Information.--Rule 6(e) of the Federal Rules of 
Criminal Procedure may not be construed to prohibit the disclosure of 
information required by subsection (a) of this section.
(c) Definitions.--In this section:
(1) Appropriate congressional committee.--The term 
``appropriate congressional committee'' means--
(A) the Committee on the Judiciary of the Senate 
and the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives; and
(B) if an investigation relates to intelligence or 
counterintelligence matters, the Select Committee on 
Intelligence of the Senate and the Permanent Select 
Committee on Intelligence of the House of 
Representatives.
(2) Covered offense.--The term ``covered offense'' means--
(A) an offense against the United States that 
arises from an investigation in which a target or 
subject is--
(i) the President;
(ii) a relative of the President;
(iii) a former President;
(iv) any individual who is serving or 
previously served as a political appointee (as 
defined in section 1216(f)(6) of title 5, 
United States Code, as added by title XXVI of 
this Act) under the President;
(v) any individual who was an employee of 
an authorized committee (as defined in section 
301(6) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(6))) of the President for 
any election to the office of President; or
(vi) in the case of an offense motivated by 
a direct and significant personal or pecuniary 
interest of any individual described in clause 
(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), or (v), any person or 
entity;
(B) an offense under section 102 of the Revised 
Statutes of the United States (2 U.S.C. 192); or
(C) an offense under section 1001, 1505, 1512, or 
1621 of title 18, United States Code, if the offense 
occurred in relation to a congressional proceeding or 
investigation.
(3) Pardon.--The term ``pardon'' includes a commutation of 
a sentence.
(4) Relative.--The term ``relative'', with respect to the 
President, means--
(A) a family member (as defined in section 
1635.3(a) of title 29, Code of Federal Regulations, or 
any successor regulation) of the President who is a 
first-degree relative, second-degree relative, or 
third-degree relative (as those terms are defined in 
such section 1635.3(a) or any successor regulation) of 
the President; or
(B) a spouse of a family member described in 
subparagraph (A).

SEC. 603. BRIBERY IN CONNECTION WITH PARDONS AND COMMUTATIONS.

Section 201 of title 18, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting ``, including 
the President and the Vice President of the United 
States,'' after ``or an officer or employee or 
person''; and
(B) in paragraph (2)--
(i) by striking ``means any person'' and 
inserting the following: ``means--
``(A) any person'';
(ii) by striking ``and'' at the end; and
(iii) by adding at the end the following:
``(B) any person who is an apparent successful 
candidate for the office of President, as determined 
under section 3(c) of the Presidential Transition Act 
of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note; Public Law 88-277) and has 
not yet assumed the office of President; and
``(C) any person who is an apparent successful 
candidate for the office of Vice President, as 
determined under section 3(c) of the Presidential 
Transition Act of 1963 (3 U.S.C. 102 note; Public Law 
88-277) and has not yet assumed the office of Vice 
President; and''; and
(2) in subsection (b)(3), by inserting ``(including, for 
purposes of this paragraph, any pardon, commutation, or 
reprieve, or an offer of any such pardon, commutation, or 
reprieve)'' after ``corruptly gives, offers, or promises 
anything of value''.

SEC. 604. PROHIBITION ON PRESIDENTIAL SELF-PARDON.

The President's grant of a pardon to himself or herself is void and 
of no effect, and shall not deprive the courts of jurisdiction, or 
operate to confer on the President any legal immunity from 
investigation or prosecution.

Subtitle B--Ensuring No President Is Above the Law

SEC. 611. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the ``No President is Above the Law 
Act''.

SEC. 612. TOLLING OF STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS.

(a) Offenses Committed by the President or Vice President During or 
Prior to Tenure in Office.--Section 3282 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(c) Offenses Committed by the President or Vice President During 
or Prior to Tenure in Office.--In the case of any person serving in the 
office of President or Vice President, the duration of that person's 
tenure in such office shall not be considered for purposes of any 
period of limitations applicable to any Federal criminal offense 
committed by that person (including any offense committed during any 
period of time preceding such tenure in office).''.
(b) Applicability.--The amendment made by subsection (a) shall 
apply to any offense committed before the date of enactment of this 
section, if the period of limitations applicable to that offense had 
not run as of such date.
(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to preclude the indictment or prosecution of a person serving 
in the office of President or Vice President, during that person's 
tenure in such office, for a violation of the criminal laws of the 
United States.

SEC. 613. CONTRACTS BY THE PRESIDENT, THE VICE PRESIDENT, OR A CABINET 
MEMBER.

(a) Amendment.--Section 431 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended--
(1) in the section heading, by inserting ``the President, 
the Vice President, a Cabinet Member, or a'' after ``Contracts 
by''; and
(2) in the first undesignated paragraph, by inserting ``the 
President, the Vice President, in a position at level I of the 
Executive Schedule under section 5312 of title 5,'' after 
``Whoever, being''.
(b) Table of Sections Amendment.--The table of sections for chapter 
23 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking the item 
relating to section 431 and inserting the following:

``431. Contracts by the President, the Vice President, a Cabinet 
Member, or a Member of Congress.''.

SEC. 614. FORFEITURE OF BENEFITS FOR FORMER PRESIDENTS CONVICTED OF A 
FELONY.

The first section of the Act entitled ``An Act to provide 
retirement, clerical assistants, and free mailing privileges to former 
Presidents of the United States, and for other purposes'', approved 
August 25, 1958 (commonly known as the ``Former Presidents Act of 
1958''; 3 U.S.C. 102 note), is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Each former 
President'' and inserting ``Subject to subsection (h), each 
former President'';
(2) in subsection (f), by striking paragraph (2) and 
inserting:
``(2) who has not been impeached by the House of 
Representatives and convicted by the Senate pursuant to the 
impeachment; and''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(h)(1) If a former President is finally convicted of a felony for 
which every act or omission that is needed to satisfy the elements of 
the felony is committed during or after the period such former 
President holds the office of President, or was finally convicted of 
such a felony while holding such office--
``(A) no monetary allowance under subsection (a) may be 
provided to such former President;
``(B) no funds may be obligated or expended under 
subsection (g) with respect to such former President except to 
the extent necessary to maintain the security of such former 
President, as determined by the Director of the Secret Service; 
and
``(C) such former President shall repay any amounts 
received under subsection (a) during the period beginning on 
the date on which such former President is initially convicted 
of the felony and ending on the date such former President is 
finally convicted of the felony.
``(2) The term `finally convicted' means a conviction--
``(A) which has not been appealed and is no longer 
appealable because the time for taking an appeal has expired; 
or
``(B) which has been appealed and the appeals process for 
which is completed.''.

Subtitle C--Enforcement of the Emoluments Clauses of the Constitution

SEC. 621. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the ``Foreign and Domestic Emoluments 
Enforcement Act''.

SEC. 622. DEFINITIONS.

In this subtitle:
(1) Emolument.--The term ``emolument'' means any profit, 
gain, or advantage, including any payment that is received 
directly or indirectly from any government of a foreign 
country, the Federal Government, or any State or local 
government, or from any instrumentality thereof.
(2) Government of a foreign country.--The term ``government 
of a foreign country'' has the meaning given the term in 
section 1(e) of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as 
amended (22 U.S.C. 611(e)).
(3) Payment.--The term ``payment''--
(A) means the direct or indirect provision of 
anything of value, including any tangible item; and
(B) includes any direct or indirect payment in any 
form arising from a commercial transaction of any kind, 
including any payment involving a Presidentially-owned 
entity, whether or not at fair market value.
(4) Person holding any office of profit or trust under the 
united states.--The term ``person holding any office of profit 
or trust under the United States'' includes--
(A) the President; and
(B) the Vice President.
(5) Presidentially-owned entity.--The term 
``Presidentially-owned entity'' means a corporation, 
association, partnership, limited liability company, limited 
liability partnership, other legal entity, or sole 
proprietorship in which the President has an ownership stake, 
except that such term does not include an entity in which more 
than 100 people have an ownership stake and the President holds 
no more than five percent in a beneficial ownership stake and 
that--
(A) issues securities registered with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to section 
12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 U.S.C. 
78l);
(B) is an investment company registered pursuant to 
section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 
U.S.C. 80a-8) that does not have a stated policy of 
concentrating the investments of the investment company 
in any industry, business, single country other than 
the United States, or bonds of a single State within 
the United States; or
(C) is a unit investment trust, as defined in 
section 4 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (15 
U.S.C. 80a-4) that--
(i) is a regulated investment company, as 
defined in section 851 of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986; and
(ii) does not have a stated policy of 
concentrating the investments of the investment 
company in any industry, business, single 
country other than the United States, or bonds 
of a single State within the United States.
(6) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the several 
States of the United States, the District of Columbia, or any 
territory or possession of the United States.
(7) Covered official.--The term ``covered official'' 
means--
(A) any individual (other than an individual 
nominated for appointment to a position as a Foreign 
Service Officer or a grade or rank in the uniformed 
services for which the pay grade prescribed by section 
201 of title 37 is O-6 or below)--
(i) nominated by the President for a 
position the appointment to which requires the 
advice and consent of the Senate; or
(ii) whom the President-elect has publicly 
announced an intent to nominate to such a 
position; and
(B) any individual occupying--
(i) a position described under sections 
5312 through 5316 of title 5, United States 
Code (relating to the Executive Schedule);
(ii) a noncareer appointment in the Senior 
Executive Service, as defined under section 
3132(a) of such title 5;
(iii) a position in the executive branch of 
the Government of a confidential or policy-
determining character under schedule C of 
subpart C of part 213 of title 5, Code of 
Federal Regulations; or
(iv) a position in the Executive Office of 
the President pursuant to an appointment other 
than a career or career-conditional 
appointment.

SEC. 623. PROHIBITION ON ACCEPTANCE OF FOREIGN EMOLUMENTS.

(a) In General.--Except as otherwise provided in section 7342 of 
title 5, United States Code, it shall be unlawful for any person 
holding any office of profit or trust under the United States to accept 
from a government of a foreign country, without first obtaining the 
consent of Congress, any present, emolument, payment, office, or title.
(b) Application.--The prohibition under paragraph (1) shall apply 
without regard to whether the present, emolument, payment, office, or 
title is--
(1) provided directly or indirectly by the government of a 
foreign country or an instrumentality thereof; or
(2) provided to the person holding any office of profit or 
trust under the United States or to any private business 
interest of that person.

SEC. 624. CIVIL ACTIONS BY CONGRESS CONCERNING FOREIGN EMOLUMENTS.

(a) Cause of Action.--The Senate or the House of Representatives 
may bring a civil action against any person for a violation of section 
1303(a).
(b) Special Rules.--In any civil action described in subsection 
(a), the following rules shall apply:
(1) The action shall be filed before the United States 
District Court for the District of Columbia.
(2) The action shall be heard by a three-judge court 
convened pursuant to section 2284 of title 28, United States 
Code. It shall be the duty of such court to advance on the 
docket and to expedite to the greatest possible extent the 
disposition of any such action. Such action shall be reviewable 
only by appeal directly to the Supreme Court of the United 
States. Such appeal shall be taken by the filing of a notice of 
appeal within 10 days, and the filing of a jurisdictional 
statement within 30 days, of the entry of the final decision.
(3) It shall be the duty of the Supreme Court of the United 
States to advance on the docket and to expedite to the greatest 
possible extent the disposition of any such action and appeal.
(c) Remedy.--If the court determines that a violation of section 
1303(a) has occurred, the court shall issue an order enjoining the 
course of conduct found to constitute the violation, and such of the 
following as are appropriate:
(1) The disgorgement of the value of any present or 
emolument from the government of a foreign country.
(2) The surrender of the physical present or emolument to 
the Department of State, which shall, if practicable, dispose 
of the present or emolument and deposit the proceeds into the 
United States Treasury.
(3) The renunciation of any office or title accepted in 
violation of such subsection.
(4) A prohibition on the use or holding of such an office 
or title.
(5) Such other relief as the court determines appropriate.
(d) Use of Government Funds Prohibited.--No appropriated funds, 
funds provided from any accounts in the United States Treasury, funds 
derived from the collection of fees, or any other Government funds 
shall be used to pay any disgorgement imposed by the court pursuant to 
this section.

SEC. 625. PROHIBITING SENIOR FEDERAL OFFICIALS FROM ACCEPTING FOREIGN 
PAYMENTS.

(a) In General.--Subchapter IV of chapter 73 of title 5, United 
States Code, is amended by adding after section 7342 the following:
``Sec. 7343. Prohibiting senior Federal officials from accepting 
foreign payments
``(a) Prohibition.--
``(1) In general.--It shall be unlawful for any senior 
Federal official to receive, accept, or retain a foreign 
payment, including through a business entity controlled by a 
senior Federal official, without first obtaining the consent of 
Congress pursuant to this section and section 7344.
``(2) Two-year post employment.--During the 2-year period 
beginning on the date that an individual leaves the position of 
a senior Federal official, it shall be unlawful for such 
individual to receive, accept, or retain a foreign payment, 
including through a business entity controlled by a senior 
Federal official, without first obtaining the consent of 
Congress pursuant to this section and section 7344. Such 
individual shall make the requisite disclosures required under 
subsection (b) of this section.
``(3) Candidate reports.--An individual other than an 
incumbent President or Vice President who becomes a candidate 
(as defined in section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101)) for the office of President or Vice 
President shall submit a report to Congress at the end of each 
30-day period such individual is such a candidate listing any 
foreign payments such individual received during such period.
``(b) Disclosure.--
``(1) Notice.--Any senior Federal official that wishes to 
receive, accept, or retain a foreign payment shall submit (in 
writing) notice to the Director prior to receiving, accepting, 
or retaining any foreign payment. Such request shall include, 
at a minimum--
``(A) the name of, and position occupied by, the 
senior Federal official;
``(B) details regarding the foreign payment the 
senior Federal official wishes to receive, accept, and 
retain, including the foreign government that would 
provide the foreign payment, the type of payment and 
the financial instrument to be used to provide the 
payment, the value of the foreign payment, and whether 
the foreign payment would be provided through a 
business entity, and, if so, the business entity and 
the specific transaction through which it would be 
provided; and
``(C) a statement confirming that the senior 
Federal official has not requested or otherwise 
encouraged the tender of the foreign payment.
``(2) Notification to congress.--Not later than 10 days 
after receiving notice under paragraph (1), the Director shall 
submit such notice to Congress.
``(3) Members of congress.--For purposes of carrying out 
this subsection with respect to Members of Congress--
``(A) with respect to any such Member who is a 
Senator, the term `the Select Committee on Ethics of 
the Senate' shall be substituted for `Director'; and
``(B) with respect to any such Member who is a 
Member of the House of Representatives, the term 
`Committee on Ethics of the House of Representatives' 
shall be substituted for `Director'.
``(c) Definitions.--For purposes of this section and sections 7344 
and 7345--
``(1) the term `business entity'--
``(A) means a for-profit corporation, association, 
partnership, limited liability company, limited 
liability partnership, other legal entity, or sole 
proprietorship in which a senior Federal official has 
an ownership stake; and
``(B) does not include an entity in which more than 
100 people have an ownership stake and the senior 
Federal official holds no more than 5 percent in a 
beneficial ownership stake and that--
``(i) issues securities registered with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to 
section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 
1934 (15 U.S.C. 78l);
``(ii) is an investment company registered 
pursuant to section 8 of the Investment Company 
Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a-8) that does not 
have a stated policy of concentrating the 
investments of the investment company in any 
industry, business, single country other than 
the United States, or bonds of a single State 
within the United States; or
``(iii) is a unit investment trust, as 
defined in section 4 of the Investment Company 
Act of 1940 (15 U.S.C. 80a-4) that--
``(I) is a regulated investment 
company, as defined in section 851 of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; and
``(II) does not have a stated 
policy of concentrating the investments 
of the investment company in any 
industry, business, single country 
other than the United States, or bonds 
of a single State within the United 
States;
``(2) the term `Director' means the Director of the Office 
of Government Ethics;
``(3) the term `foreign payment'--
``(A) means any direct or indirect payment in any 
form, including any tangible item, arising from 
commercial transactions of any kind, including any 
payment involving a business entity, whether or not at 
fair market value from--
``(i) any foreign government (as that term 
is defined in section 7342(a));
``(ii) any corporate enterprise engaged in 
commercial endeavors owned 50 percent or more 
or controlled by a foreign government; or
``(iii) any member of the family of a 
sovereign in a monarchical government; and
``(B) does not include any gift or decoration 
covered under section 7342; and
``(4) the term `senior Federal official' means--
``(A) the President and the Vice President;
``(B) a Member of Congress (as that term is defined 
in section 2106);
``(C) the head of any Executive department;
``(D) any individual employed on the staff of the 
President in a position with the title of Assistant to 
the President, Deputy Assistant to the President, 
Special Assistant to the President, Advisor to the 
President, or Counselor to the President; and
``(E) any other senior United States Government 
employee designated by the Director.
``Sec. 7344. Congressional review of request to receive, accept, and 
retain foreign payment
``(a) In General.--A senior Federal official may not receive, 
accept, or retain a foreign payment unless Congress has, prior to such 
receipt, acceptance, or retention, consented through enactment of a 
concurrent resolution of approval as provided under this section.
``(b) Review.--
``(1) In general.--In this section, the term `concurrent 
resolution' means only a concurrent resolution--
``(A) introduced during the period beginning on the 
date Congress receives notice from the Director under 
section 7343(b)(2) and ending on the date that is 90 
days thereafter; and
``(B) consisting only of the following text in the 
matter following the resolving clause: `That Congress 
hereby consents to the acceptance by ______ of the 
foreign payment described as follows: _____.', with the 
first blank space filled in with the name of the senior 
Federal official and the second blank space filled in 
with a detailed description of the foreign payment.
``(2) Committee consideration.--A concurrent resolution 
under this section shall be referred to the appropriate 
committee of the House of Representatives and the Senate. One 
such concurrent resolution shall be reported out by such 
committee together with its recommendations within fifteen 
legislative days after the day on which such resolution is 
referred to such committee, unless such House shall otherwise 
determine by the yeas and nays.
``(3) Consideration.--Any concurrent resolution so reported 
shall become the pending business of the House in question (in 
the case of the Senate the time for debate shall be equally 
divided between the proponents and the opponents) and shall be 
voted on within three legislative days after the day on which 
such resolution is reported, unless such House shall otherwise 
determine by yeas and nays.
``(4) Coordination.--Such a concurrent resolution passed by 
one House shall be referred to the appropriate committee of the 
other House and shall be reported out by such committee 
together with its recommendations within fifteen legislative 
days after the day on which such resolution is referred to such 
committee and shall thereupon become the pending business of 
such House and shall be voted upon within three legislative 
days after the day on which such resolution is reported, unless 
such House shall otherwise determine by yeas and nays.
``(5) Conference.--In the case of any disagreement between 
the two Houses of Congress with respect to a joint resolution 
passed by both Houses, conferees shall be promptly appointed 
and the committee of conference shall make and file a report 
with respect to such joint resolution within six legislative 
days after the day on which managers on the part of the Senate 
and the House have been appointed. Notwithstanding any rule in 
either House concerning the printing of conference reports or 
concerning any delay in the consideration of such reports, such 
report shall be acted on by both Houses not later than six 
legislative days after the conference report is filed in the 
House in which such report is filed first. In the event the 
conferees are unable to agree within forty-eight hours, they 
shall report back to their respective Houses in disagreement.
``(c) Exercise of Rulemaking Powers.--This section is enacted by 
the Congress--
``(1) as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the House 
of Representatives and the Senate, respectively, and as such 
they shall be considered as part of the rules of each House, 
respectively, or of that House to which they specifically 
apply, and such rules shall supersede other rules only to the 
extent that they are inconsistent therewith; and
``(2) with full recognition of the constitutional right of 
either House to change such rules (so far as relating to such 
House) at any time, in the same manner, and to the same extent 
as in the case of any other rule of such House.
``Sec. 7345. Penalties
``(a) Civil Action by the Attorney General.--The Attorney General 
may bring a civil action against a senior Federal official in an 
appropriate United States district court for a violation of section 
7343 or 7344 for--
``(1) a civil monetary penalty in an amount not to exceed 
$5,000 more than the retail value of the foreign payment; and
``(2) such injunctive relief as may be appropriate.
``(b) Criminal Penalty.--Whoever, being a senior Federal official, 
knowingly violates section 7343 or 7344 shall be imprisoned for not 
more than one year, fined in the amount of $50,000 or the total value 
of the foreign payments accepted, whichever is greater, or both.
``(c) Forfeiture.--Any payment received, accepted, or retained in 
violation of section 7343 or 7344 shall be seized and forfeited to the 
United States in accordance with chapter 46 of title 18.
``(d) Actions by Private Persons.--A person may bring a civil 
action for a violation of section 7343 or 7344 for the person and for 
the United States Government in the same manner as an action under 
section 3730(b) of title 31, except that--
``(1) any extension of time under section 3730(b)(3) of 
title 31 shall not exceed 120 days;
``(2) section 3730(e)(2) of title 31 shall not apply; and
``(3) section 3730(e)(4) of title 31 shall not apply with 
regard to a civil action brought against the President, the 
Vice President, or the Attorney General.
``(e) Safe Harbor.--The penalties under this section shall not 
apply with respect to a foreign payment made to a senior Federal 
official if the official--
``(1) did not solicit the payment; and
``(2) not later than 72 hours after becoming aware of the 
receipt of such a payment, and in no case later than 90 days 
after its receipt--
``(A) notifies the Director (or, in the case of a 
Member of Congress, the Select Committee on Ethics of 
the Senate or the Committee on Ethics of the House of 
Representatives, as the case may be) of the payment; 
and
``(B) returns the payment in full to the entity 
that made the payment or remits such payment to the 
Treasury.''.
(b) Designation by OGE.--Not later than 90 days after the date of 
the enactment of this Act, the Director of the Office of Government 
Ethics shall publish, on the Office's public website, an initial list 
of any individual designated by the Director under section 
7343(c)(4)(E) of title 5, United States Code (as added by subsection 
(a) of this Act). The Director shall update such list as appropriate.
(c) Clerical.--The table of sections for subchapter IV of chapter 
73 of title 5, United States Code, is amended by adding after the item 
relating to section 7342 the following:

``7343. Prohibiting senior Federal officials from accepting foreign 
payments.
``7344. Congressional review of foreign payments.
``7345. Penalties.''.

SEC. 626. DISCLOSURES CONCERNING FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC EMOLUMENTS.

(a) Disclosures.--Section 13104(a) of title 5, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(9) Foreign emoluments.--Any present, emolument, office, 
or title received from a government of a foreign country (as 
defined in section 1(e) of the Foreign Agents Registration Act 
of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611(e))), including the source, 
date, type, and amount or value of each present or emolument 
accepted on or before the date of filing during the preceding 
calendar year.
``(10) Business interests receiving foreign emoluments.--
Each business interest that is reasonably expected to result in 
the receipt of any present or emolument from a government of a 
foreign country (as defined in section 1(e) of the Foreign 
Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611(e))) 
during the current calendar year.
``(11) Emoluments from the united states.--In the case of 
the President, any emolument received from the United States, 
or a State, other than the compensation for services of the 
President as President provided for by Federal law, including 
the source, date, type, and amount or value of each emolument 
accepted on or before the date of filing during the preceding 
calendar year.
``(12) Business interests receiving emoluments from the 
united states.--Each business interest that is reasonably 
expected to result in the receipt of any emolument from the 
United States or a State during the current calendar year.''.
(b) Reporting Requirements Relating to Spouses and Dependent 
Children.--Section 13104(e)(1) of title 5, United States Code, is 
amended--
(1) in the matter preceding subparagraph (A), by inserting 
``and paragraphs (9) through (15)'' after ``(5)''; and
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (F) the following:
``(G) Foreign emoluments.--In the case of items 
described in paragraphs (9) and (10) of subsection (a), 
all information required to be reported under those 
paragraphs.
``(H) Emoluments from united states.--In the case 
of--
``(i) items described in paragraph (11)(A) 
of subsection (a), any such items received by 
spouse or dependent child of the President 
other than items related to the services of the 
President as President provided for by Federal 
law; and
``(ii) items described in paragraph (11)(B) 
of subsection (a), all information required to 
be reported under that paragraph.''.
(c) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in the amendments made by this 
section shall be construed to affect the prohibition against the 
acceptance of presents and emoluments under section 1303.

SEC. 627. ENFORCEMENT AUTHORITY FOR OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS AND 
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURES.

(a) Enforcement.--
(1) In general.--Section 13122(a) of title 5, United States 
Code, is amended--
(A) by striking ``The Director'' and inserting 
``(1) In general.--The Director''; and
(B) by adding at the end the following:
``(2) Foreign payments.--
``(A) In general.--The Director shall provide 
overall direction of executive branch policies related 
to compliance with sections 7343 through 7345, and 
shall have authority to--
``(i) order individuals to take corrective 
action; and
``(ii) pursuant to section 7345, require 
disgorgement and divestiture of any foreign 
payment received, accepted, or retained by a 
senior Federal official without the consent of 
Congress to ensure compliance by a senior 
Federal official with paragraphs (16) and (17) 
of subsection (b) and (17), and with paragraphs 
(9) through (15) of section 13104(a).
``(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph and for 
purposes of subsection (b)(16), the terms `foreign 
payment' and `senior Federal official' have the meaning 
given those terms in section 7343(c).
``(3) Overall direction.--The Director shall--
``(A) provide overall direction of executive branch 
policies related to compliance with section 1303 and 
1304 of the Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Enforcement 
Act and with paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 
13104(a); and
``(B) shall have the authority, with respect to 
section 1303 and 1304 of the Foreign and Domestic 
Emoluments Enforcement Act and with paragraphs (9) 
through (15) of section 13104(a), to--
``(i) issue administrative fines to 
individuals for violations;
``(ii) order individuals to take corrective 
action, including disgorgement, divestiture, 
and recusal, as the Director deems necessary; 
and
``(iii) bring civil actions to enforce such 
fines and orders.''.
(2) Specific authority.--Section 13122(b) of title 5, 
United States Code, is amended--
(A) in paragraph (14), by striking ``and'' at the 
end;
(B) in paragraph (15), by striking the period at 
the end and inserting a semicolon; and
(C) by adding after paragraph (15) the following:
``(16) developing and promulgating rules and regulations to 
ensure compliance with the requirements of sections 7343 
through 7345, including establishing--
``(A) a process for making required reports and 
notifications to Congress;
``(B) a process for ensuring the surrender or 
requiring the disgorgement and divestiture of a foreign 
payment when Congress does not consent to retention of 
the foreign payment;
``(C) a process for notifying Congress of non-
compliance with the requirements of section 7343 and 
7344 or with any disapproval of retention of any 
foreign payment by a senior Federal official; and
``(D) such other matters as are necessary to ensure 
compliance with the requirements of section 7343 and 
7344; and
``(17) developing and promulgating rules and regulations to 
ensure compliance with section 1303 and 1304 of the Foreign and 
Domestic Emoluments Enforcement Act and with paragraphs (9) 
through (15) of section 13104(a), including establishing--
``(A) requirements for reporting and disclosure;
``(B) a schedule of administrative fines that may 
be imposed by the Director for violations; and
``(C) a process for referral of matters to the 
Office of Special Counsel for investigation in 
compliance with section 1216(d).''.
(b) Disclosures.--Section 13104(a) of title 5, United States Code, 
as amended by this Act, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``(13) Foreign payments.--Any foreign payment received by a 
senior Federal official on or before the date of filing during 
the preceding calendar year, including the source, date, type, 
amount or value, date of surrender, or the date of adoption by 
Congress of a concurrent resolution approving the retention of 
the foreign payment under section 7344. In this paragraph, the 
terms `foreign payment' and `senior Federal official' have the 
meaning given those terms in section 7343(c).
``(14) Payments to business interest.--Each business 
interest of a senior Federal official that is reasonably 
expected to result in the receipt of any foreign payment during 
the current calendar year. In this paragraph, the terms 
`foreign payment' and `senior Federal official' have the 
meaning given those terms in section 7343(c).''.

SEC. 628. JURISDICTION OF THE OFFICE OF SPECIAL COUNSEL.

Section 1216 of title 5, United States Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) in paragraph (4), by striking ``and'' at the 
end;
(B) in paragraph (5) by striking the period and 
inserting ``; and''; and
(C) by adding at the end the following:
``(6) any violation of--
``(A) section 1303 of the Foreign and Domestic 
Emoluments Enforcement Act;
``(B) paragraphs (9) through (15) of section 
13104(a); or
``(C) subparagraph (G) and (H) of section 
13104(e)(1).''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(d) If the Director of the Office of Government Ethics refers a 
matter for investigation pursuant to section 13122, or if the Special 
Counsel receives a credible complaint of a violation described in 
subsection (a)(6) of this section, the Special Counsel shall complete 
an investigation not later than 120 days thereafter. If the Special 
Counsel investigates any violation pursuant to subsection (a)(6), the 
Special Counsel shall, not later than 7 days after the completion of 
such investigation, report to the Director of the Office of Government 
Ethics and to Congress on the results of such investigation.''.

SEC. 629. RULEMAKING FOR ETHICS REQUIREMENTS FOR LEGAL EXPENSE FUNDS.

(a) In General.--Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Director of the Office of Government Ethics shall 
finalize a rule establishing ethics requirements for the establishment 
or operation of a legal expense fund for the benefit of the President, 
the Vice President, or any political appointee (as defined in section 
1216(f)(6) of title 5, United States Code, as added by section 2621(a) 
of this Act), consistent with the requirements of subsection (b).
(b) Limitations on Acceptance of Certain Payments.--
(1) In general.--A legal expense fund described in 
subsection (a) may not accept any contribution or other payment 
made by--
(A) an individual who is a registered lobbyist 
under the Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 
1601 et seq.); or
(B) an agent of a foreign principal, as defined in 
section 1 of the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 
1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611).
(2) Appropriate remedial action.--In the case of a 
contribution described in paragraph (1)--
(A) the legal expense fund shall take appropriate 
remedial action; and
(B) the Director of the Office of Government Ethics 
may assess a fine against the individual or agent of a 
foreign principal, as defined in section 1 of the 
Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 
U.S.C. 611), who made, or attempted to make, the 
contribution or other payment.

SEC. 630. LIMITATIONS AND DISCLOSURE OF CERTAIN DONATIONS TO, AND 
DISBURSEMENTS BY, INAUGURAL COMMITTEES.

(a) Requirements for Inaugural Committees.--Title III of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101 et seq.) is 
amended by adding at the end the following new section:

``SEC. 325. INAUGURAL COMMITTEES.

``(a) Prohibited Donations.--
``(1) In general.--It shall be unlawful for--
``(A) an Inaugural Committee--
``(i) to solicit, accept, or receive a 
donation from a person that is not an 
individual; or
``(ii) to solicit, accept, or receive a 
donation from a foreign national;
``(B) a person--
``(i) to make a donation to an Inaugural 
Committee in the name of another person, or to 
knowingly authorize his or her name to be used 
to effect such a donation;
``(ii) to knowingly accept a donation to an 
Inaugural Committee made by a person in the 
name of another person; or
``(iii) to convert a donation to an 
Inaugural Committee to personal use as 
described in paragraph (2); or
``(C) a foreign national to, directly or 
indirectly, make a donation, or make an express or 
implied promise to make a donation, to an Inaugural 
Committee.
``(2) Conversion of donation to personal use.--For purposes 
of paragraph (1)(B)(iii), a donation shall be considered to be 
converted to personal use if any part of the donated amount is 
used--
``(A) to fulfill a commitment, obligation, or 
expense of a person that would exist irrespective of 
the responsibilities of the Inaugural Committee; or
``(B) to benefit the personal business venture of 
the President or Vice President of the United States, 
the Inaugural Committee, or an immediate family member 
of such individuals.
``(3) No effect on disbursement of unused funds to 
nonprofit organizations.--Nothing in this subsection may be 
construed to prohibit an Inaugural Committee from disbursing 
unused funds to an organization which is described in section 
501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and is exempt 
from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code.
``(b) Limitation on Donations.--
``(1) In general.--It shall be unlawful for an individual 
to make donations to an Inaugural Committee which, in the 
aggregate, exceed $50,000.
``(2) Indexing.--At the beginning of each Presidential 
election year (beginning with 2028), the amount described in 
paragraph (1) shall be increased by the cumulative percent 
difference determined in section 315(c)(1)(A) since the 
previous Presidential election year. If any amount after such 
increase is not a multiple of $1,000, such amount shall be 
rounded to the nearest multiple of $1,000.
``(c) Disclosure of Certain Donations and Disbursements.--
``(1) Donations over $1,000.--
``(A) In general.--An Inaugural Committee shall 
file with the Commission a report disclosing any 
donation by an individual to the committee in an amount 
of $1,000 or more not later than 24 hours after the 
receipt of such donation.
``(B) Contents of report.--A report filed under 
subparagraph (A) shall contain--
``(i) the amount of the donation;
``(ii) the date the donation is received; 
and
``(iii) the name and address of the 
individual making the donation.
``(2) Final report.--Not later than the date that is 90 
days after the date of the Presidential inaugural ceremony, the 
Inaugural Committee shall file with the Commission a report 
containing the following information:
``(A) For each donation of money or anything of 
value made to the committee in an aggregate amount 
equal to or greater than $200--
``(i) the amount of the donation;
``(ii) the date the donation is received; 
and
``(iii) the name and address of the 
individual making the donation.
``(B) The total amount of all disbursements, and 
all disbursements in the following categories:
``(i) Disbursements made to meet committee 
operating expenses.
``(ii) Repayment of all loans.
``(iii) Donation refunds and other offsets 
to donations.
``(iv) Any other disbursements.
``(C) The name and address of each person--
``(i) to whom a disbursement in an 
aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 is 
made by the committee to meet a committee 
operating expense, together with date, amount, 
and purpose of such operating expense;
``(ii) who receives a loan repayment from 
the committee, together with the date and 
amount of such loan repayment;
``(iii) who receives a donation refund or 
other offset to donations from the committee, 
together with the date and amount of such 
disbursement; and
``(iv) to whom any other disbursement in an 
aggregate amount or value in excess of $200 is 
made by the committee, together with the date 
and amount of such disbursement.
``(d) Definitions.--For purposes of this section:
``(1) Donation.--
``(A) In general.--The term `donation' includes--
``(i) any gift, subscription, loan, 
advance, or deposit of money or anything of 
value made by any person to the committee; or
``(ii) the payment by any person of 
compensation for the personal services of 
another person which are rendered to the 
committee without charge for any purpose.
``(B) Exception.--The term `donation' does not 
include the value of services provided without 
compensation by any individual who volunteers on behalf 
of the committee.
``(2) Foreign national.--The term `foreign national' has 
the meaning given that term by section 319(b).
``(3) Immediate family member.--The term `immediate family 
member' means a parent, parent-in-law, spouse, adult child, or 
sibling.
``(4) Inaugural committee.--The term `Inaugural Committee' 
has the meaning given that term by section 501 of title 36, 
United States Code.
``(e) Rule of Construction.--Nothing in this section may be 
construed to limit the authority of a Federal agency to enforce a 
Federal law with respect to an Inaugural Committee.''.
(b) Confirming Amendments Related to Reporting Requirements.--
(1) Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (52 U.S.C. 30104) is amended--
(A) by striking subsection (h); and
(B) by redesignating subsection (i) as subsection 
(h).
(2) Section 309(a)(4)(C)(iv)(I) is amended by striking ``or 
(i)'' and inserting ``or (h)''.
(3) Section 313(c)(4) is amended by striking ``section 
304(i)(8)(B)'' and inserting ``section 304(h)(8)(B)''.
(c) Conforming Amendment Related to Status of Committee.--Section 
510 of title 36, United States Code, is amended to read as follows:
``Sec. 510. Disclosure of and prohibition on certain donations
``A committee shall not be considered to be the Inaugural Committee 
for purposes of this chapter unless the committee agrees to, and meets, 
the requirements of section 325 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971.''.
(d) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply with respect to Inaugural Committees established under chapter 5 
of title 36, United States Code, for inaugurations held in 2029 and any 
succeeding year.

SEC. 631. PROHIBITION ON PAYMENTS TO THE PRESIDENT OF FEDERAL OR STATE 
GOVERNMENT FUNDS.

Section 102 of title 3, United States Code, is amended--
(1) by striking ``The President'' and inserting ``(a) In 
General.--The President''; and
(2) by adding at the end the following:
``(b) Limitations.--
``(1) In general.--Except for the amounts provided by 
subsection (a), and except as provided in paragraph (2) of this 
subsection and section 1314 of the Foreign and Domestic 
Emoluments Enforcement Act--
``(A) the President may not accept any payment, 
including any payment to any Presidentially-owned 
entity, from any Federal or State funds; and
``(B) no individual may cause an agency, 
department, or other instrumentality of the Federal 
Government to make such a payment.
``(2) Application.--Except for payments made to the 
President or a Presidentially-owned entity, nothing in this 
subsection shall be construed to limit the total amount of 
funds a Government entity may obligate or expend to assist in 
defraying expenses relating to or resulting from the discharge 
of the President's official duties, including expenses for the 
security necessary for the President to discharge such duties, 
consistent with applicable levels of appropriations made 
available for such expenses and the requirements of the Foreign 
and Domestic Emoluments Enforcement Act.
``(3) Unofficial act.--The acceptance by the President of a 
payment prohibited by this subsection is not an official act.
``(4) Disgorgement.--
``(A) Notice.--
``(i) Federal agencies.--Not later than 30 
days after the date on which a Federal agency, 
department, or other instrumentality of the 
Government makes a payment that is prohibited 
under paragraph (1), the head of such Federal 
agency, department, or other instrumentality 
shall submit a notice of such payment to the 
President, the Committee on Oversight and 
Government Reform of the House of 
Representatives, and the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate.
``(ii) The president.--
``(I) In general.--Not later than 
the earlier of 30 days after the date 
on which the President learns of the 
receipt of a payment prohibited under 
paragraph (1) or seven days after 
receiving notice under clause (i), the 
President shall submit a notice of such 
payment to the Committee on Oversight 
and Government Reform of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on 
Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate.
``(II) Contents.--A notice 
submitted under subclause (I) with 
respect to a payment prohibited under 
paragraph (1) shall include--
``(aa) the date on which 
the President received such 
payment and the value of such 
payment;
``(bb) the source of such 
payment; and
``(cc) if the President 
received the payment through a 
Presidentially-owned entity, 
the name of each 
Presidentially-owned entity 
through which the President 
received such payment.
``(B) Return of prohibited state and federal 
payments.--Not later than 60 days after the date on 
which the President learns of the receipt of a payment 
prohibited under paragraph (1), the President shall--
``(i) in the case of a payment from a State 
government or subdivision thereof that is 
prohibited under paragraph (1), return such 
payment to the State or subdivision; and
``(ii) in the case of a payment from the 
Federal Government that is prohibited under 
such paragraph, transfer or return such payment 
to the Treasury.
``(C) Certification of return.--
``(i) In general.--Not later than 30 days 
after the date on which the President makes a 
return payment to the Treasury under 
subparagraph (B), the President and the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall each submit to 
the Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental 
Affairs of the Senate a sworn certification of 
such return payment to the Treasury.
``(ii) Contents.--A certification submitted 
under clause (i) for a return payment with 
respect to a payment prohibited under paragraph 
(1) shall include--
``(I) the date on which the 
President received such prohibited 
payment and the value of such 
prohibited payment;
``(II) the source of such 
prohibited payment;
``(III) the date on which the 
President made such return payment;
``(IV) the value of such return 
payment;
``(V) each source of such return 
payment; and
``(VI) if the President received 
such prohibited payment through a 
Presidentially-owned entity, the name 
of each Presidentially-owned entity 
through which the President received 
such prohibited payment.
``(5) Definitions.--In this subsection--
``(A) the terms `Presidentially-owned entity' and 
`payment' have the meaning given those terms in section 
1302 of the Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Enforcement 
Act; and
``(B) the term `return payment' means a payment 
constituting the transfer or return payment prohibited 
under paragraph (1).''.

SEC. 632. PROHIBITION ON PAYMENTS TO THE PRESIDENT FROM INDIVIDUALS 
RECEIVING GOVERNMENT POSITIONS OR GRANTS OF CLEMENCY FROM 
THE PRESIDENT.

(a) Prohibition on Payments.--
(1) Payments made.--
(A) Covered officials.--A covered official may not 
knowingly make or cause to be made a payment to the 
President, including any payment to a Presidentially-
owned entity.
(B) Individuals granted clemency.--An individual 
granted clemency (including a pardon) by the President 
may not knowingly make or cause to be made a payment to 
the President, including any payment to a 
Presidentially-owned entity, during any period that the 
President that granted such clemency to such individual 
is the President.
(2) Payments received.--The President may not accept any 
payment that is unlawful to make or cause to be made under 
paragraph (1).
(3) De minimis payments.--Paragraphs (1) and (2) shall not 
apply with respect to a payment that is less than or equal to 
$50.
(4) Unofficial act.--The acceptance by the President of a 
payment prohibited by this section is not an official act.
(b) Required Disclosures to Congress.--
(1) Advice and consent positions.--On the date that the 
President transmits to the Senate the nomination of an 
individual to a position the appointment to which requires the 
advice and consent of the Senate, the President shall submit 
with such transmittal a report, to the applicable committee of 
the Senate that will consider the nomination, listing any 
payment made by such individual to the President, including any 
payment to a Presidentially-owned entity, during the period 
beginning on the date on which the President became a candidate 
(as such term is defined in section 301 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101)) for the office of the 
President and ending on the date of such transmittal.
(2) Other positions.--On the date any individual is 
appointed to a position described in section 1302(7)(B), the 
President shall submit, to the Committee on Oversight and 
Government Reform of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the 
Senate, a report listing any payment made by such individual to 
the President, including any payment to a Presidentially-owned 
entity, during the period beginning on the date on which the 
President became a candidate (as such term is defined in 
section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 
U.S.C. 30101)) for the office of the President and ending on 
the date of the submission of such report.
(3) Clemency.--On the date the President issues clemency, 
including a pardon, to any individual, the President shall 
submit, to the Committee on the Judiciary of the House of 
Representatives, the Committee on Oversight and Government 
Reform of the House of Representatives, the Committee on the 
Judiciary of the Senate, and(1) the Committee on Homeland 
Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, a report 
listing any payment made by such individual to the President, 
including any payment to a Presidentially-owned entity, during 
the period beginning on the date on which the President became 
a candidate (as such term is defined in section 301 of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101)) for 
the office of the President and ending on the date of the 
submission of such report.
(c) Return of Funds.--
(1) In general.--Not later than 60 days after the date of 
the transmittal of a report under paragraph (1), (2), or (3) of 
subsection (b), any payment listed in any such report shall be 
transferred or returned to the general fund of the Treasury.
(2) Report.--Not later than 30 days after the date any 
payment has been deposited in the general fund of the Treasury 
pursuant to paragraph (1), the President shall submit a report, 
to the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the 
House of Representatives and the Committee on Homeland Security 
and Governmental Affairs of the Senate, listing the name of the 
individual who made such payment or caused such payment to be 
made.
(d) Financial Disclosures.--Section 13104 of title 5, United States 
Code, is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following 
new paragraph:
``(15) Payments to president.--
``(A) In general.--Any payment, including any 
payments to a Presidentially-owned entity, received by 
the President during a calendar year from any covered 
official, or from any individual granted clemency 
(including a pardon) by the President, including the 
source, date, type, amount or value of the payment, 
and, if accepted through a Presidentially-owned entity, 
the name of the business through which it was accepted.
``(B) Application.--The disclosure required under 
this paragraph shall only apply to reports filed 
pursuant to section 13103(d) and (e) by the President.
``(C) Definitions.--In this paragraph, terms 
`Presidentially-owned entity', `covered official', and 
`payment' have the meaning given those terms in section 
1302 of the Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Enforcement 
Act.''; and
(2) in subsection (b)--
(A) by redesignating paragraph (2) as paragraph 
(3); and
(B) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following:
``(2) New appointee payments to the president.--
``(A) New appointees.--With respect to any report 
filed under paragraph (1) pursuant to subsections (a) 
or (b) of section 13103 by an individual nominated or 
appointed (as the case may be) by the President to be a 
covered official, such report shall include--
``(i) any payment made by the individual to 
the President, including a payment to a 
Presidentially-owned entity, during the period 
beginning on the date on which the President 
became a candidate (as such term is defined in 
section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101)) for the office 
of the President before being elected as 
President and ending on the date on which such 
individual files such report;
``(ii) the date of nomination or 
appointment;
``(iii) the date, type, and amount or value 
of the payment; and
``(iv) for any payment made to a 
Presidentially-owned entity, the name of the 
entity to which the payment was made.
``(B) Definitions.--In this paragraph, terms 
`covered official', `Presidentially-owned entity', and 
`payment' have the meaning given those terms in section 
1302 of the Foreign and Domestic Emoluments Enforcement 
Act.''.

SEC. 633. PENALTIES.

(a) Attorney General.--The Attorney General may bring a civil 
action against any person in an appropriate United States district 
court for receiving, accepting, making, or causing to be made a payment 
in violation of section 1313(a) or section 102(b) of title 3, United 
States Code, as added by section 1312 of this Act, for--
(1) a civil monetary penalty in an amount not to exceed 
$5,000 more than the value of such payment; and
(2) such injunctive relief as may be appropriate.
(b) Private Action.--A person may bring a civil action for a 
violation of subsections (a) and (c) of section 1313 or section 102(b) 
of title 3, United States Code, as added by section 1312 of this Act, 
for the person and for the United States Government in the same manner 
as an action under subsection (b) of section 3730 of title 31, United 
States Code, except that--
(1) any extension of time under paragraph (3) of such 
subsection shall not exceed 120 days; and
(2) subsection (e) of such section, other than paragraph 
(3) of such subsection, shall not apply.
(c) Statute of Limitation Tolled.--Any statute of limitations 
applicable to an action for a payment in violation of section 1313(a) 
or section 102(b) of title 3, United States Code, as added by section 
1312 of this Act, shall be tolled for each period of time during 
which--
(1) in the case of a payment to an individual holding the 
office of President, such individual holds the office of 
President; or
(2) in the case of a payment to a Presidentially-owned 
entity, the individual holding the office of President at the 
time of such payment holds the office of the President.

SEC. 634. EXCEPTIONS.

This subtitle, and the provisions of section 510 of title 36, 
United States Code, section 325 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971, and section 7343 of title 5, United States Code, do not apply in 
the case of the following:
(1) Payment of compensation of the President under section 
102 of title 3, United States Code.
(2) Any other payment derived from Federal or State funds, 
or from any covered official, that is required under Federal or 
State law, including Government contributions for health care, 
pension payments, or any other authorized benefit.
(3) Any payment from the Federal Government or a State to 
the President or a Presidentially-owned entity under a program 
that is available to the public and which is made without 
regard to the ownership of such entity by an individual holding 
the office of the President.

SEC. 635. SEVERABILITY.

If any provision of this subtitle or amendment made by this 
subtitle, or the application of a provision or amendment to any person 
or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this 
subtitle and amendments made by this subtitle, and the application of 
the provisions and amendment to any person or circumstance, shall not 
be affected by the holding.

Subtitle D--Investigative Integrity Protection

SEC. 641. SHORT TITLE.

This subtitle may be cited as the ``Investigative Integrity 
Protection Act''.

SEC. 642. PRESIDENTIAL OVERSIGHT OF ATTORNEY GENERAL.

(a) In General.--Chapter 31 of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``Sec. 530E. Presidential oversight of Attorney General
``(a) Certification.--In the case of any criminal prosecution 
against the President or a President-elect, irrespective of when the 
prosecution was initiated, if the Government seeks dismissal of such 
prosecution, the court shall require the Attorney General to submit a 
sworn statement under penalty of perjury attesting as to whether the 
dismissal was ordered by the President or President-elect, as 
applicable, or anyone acting pursuant to the direction of the President 
or President-elect, as applicable.
``(b) Considerations.--
``(1) In general.--The court shall only grant dismissal 
under this section if the court determines such dismissal is 
appropriate and in the interest of justice after having duly 
considered--
``(A) the circumstances of the case;
``(B) the sworn statement required by subsection 
(a);
``(C) any evidence in the record or ex curia, which 
shall be reflected in the order of the court, to 
support an inference that the decision to seek 
dismissal of the prosecution is motivated by bad faith 
or is a pretext to enable the President or President-
elect, as applicable, to act outside of the legal and 
constitutional authority of the Presidency; and
``(D) any other factor the court determines is 
appropriate.
``(2) Evidentiary considerations.--Evidence considered 
under paragraph (1)(C) may include--
``(A) whether the dismissal was suggested, 
encouraged, requested, or ordered by the President or 
President-elect, as applicable; or
``(B) whether the Attorney General was, in the 
opinion of the court, appointed in whole or in part for 
the willingness of the Attorney General to dismiss the 
prosecution or any other criminal prosecution against 
the President or President-elect, as applicable.
``(c) Three-Judge Court.--Any action seeking dismissal under this 
section shall be heard by a three-judge court convened pursuant to 
section 2284.
``(d) Sanctions.--If the court, in making a determination under 
subsection (b), additionally determines that the motion to dismiss was 
made without good cause, the court may impose sanctions as appropriate.
``(e) Inspector General Responsibilities.--The Inspector General of 
the Department of Justice, upon having a good-faith basis to conclude 
that a motion to dismiss a prosecution against the President or 
President-elect, as applicable, was brought at the direction of the 
President or President-elect, as applicable, or anyone acting pursuant 
to the direction of the President or President-elect, as applicable, 
shall immediately report such findings to Congress.
``(f) Preservation and Submission of Materials.--If a court grants 
a dismissal under this section, the Attorney General shall--
``(1) preserve any materials obtained or prepared by the 
Department of Justice until the date on which the applicable 
limitations period expires; and
``(2) submit to the Inspector General of the Department of 
Justice and to Congress the materials described in paragraph 
(1).''.
(b) Technical and Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for 
chapter 31 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following:

``530E. Presidential oversight of Attorney General.''.

TITLE VII--CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO OVERTURN CITIZENS UNITED

SEC. 701. CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT TO OVERTURN CITIZENS UNITED.

The following article is proposed as an amendment to the 
Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid to all intents 
and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the 
legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years 
after the date of its submission for ratification:

``Article--

``Section 1. Congress and the States may regulate and impose 
reasonable viewpoint-neutral limitations on the raising and spending of 
money by candidates and others to influence elections.
``Section 2. Congress and the States may regulate and enact systems 
of public campaign financing, including those designed to restrict the 
influence of private wealth by offsetting the raising and spending of 
money by candidates and others to influence elections with increased 
public funding.
``Section 3. Congress and the States shall have power to implement 
and enforce this article by appropriate legislation, and may 
distinguish between natural persons and corporations or other 
artificial entities created by law, including by prohibiting such 
entities from spending money to influence elections.
``Section 4. Nothing in this article shall be construed to grant 
Congress or the States the power to abridge the freedom of the 
press.''.

TITLE VIII--REPORTING OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSEMENTS

SEC. 801. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``Title II of the DISCLOSE Act''.

SEC. 802. REPORTING OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSEMENTS.

(a) In General.--Section 324 of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30126) is amended to read as follows:

``SEC. 324. DISCLOSURE OF CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSEMENTS BY COVERED 
ORGANIZATIONS.

``(a) Disclosure Statement.--
``(1) In general.--Any covered organization that makes 
campaign-related disbursements aggregating more than $10,000 in 
an election reporting cycle shall, not later than 24 hours 
after each disclosure date, file a statement with the 
Commission made under penalty of perjury that contains the 
information described in paragraph (2)--
``(A) in the case of the first statement filed 
under this subsection, for the period beginning on the 
first day of the election reporting cycle (or, if 
earlier, the period beginning one year before the first 
such disclosure date) and ending on the first such 
disclosure date; and
``(B) in the case of any subsequent statement filed 
under this subsection, for the period beginning on the 
previous disclosure date and ending on such disclosure 
date.
``(2) Information described.--The information described in 
this paragraph is as follows:
``(A) The name of the covered organization and the 
principal place of business of such organization and, 
in the case of a covered organization that is a 
corporation (other than a business concern that is an 
issuer of a class of securities registered under 
section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (15 
U.S.C. 78l) or that is required to file reports under 
section 15(d) of that Act (15 U.S.C. 78o(d))) or an 
entity described in subsection (e)(2), a list of the 
beneficial owners (as defined in paragraph (4)(A)) of 
the entity that--
``(i) identifies each beneficial owner by 
name and current residential or business street 
address; and
``(ii) if any beneficial owner exercises 
control over the entity through another legal 
entity, such as a corporation, partnership, 
limited liability company, or trust, identifies 
each such other legal entity and each such 
beneficial owner who will use that other entity 
to exercise control over the entity.
``(B) The amount of each campaign-related 
disbursement made by such organization during the 
period covered by the statement of more than $1,000, 
and the name and address of the person to whom the 
disbursement was made.
``(C) In the case of a campaign-related 
disbursement that is not a covered transfer, the 
election to which the campaign-related disbursement 
pertains and if the disbursement is made for a public 
communication, the name of any candidate identified in 
such communication and if such communication is in 
support of or in opposition to the identified 
candidate.
``(D) A certification by the chief executive 
officer or person who is the head of the covered 
organization that the campaign-related disbursement is 
not made in cooperation, consultation, or concert with 
or at the request or suggestion of a candidate, 
authorized committee, or agent of a candidate, 
political party, or agent of a political party.
``(E)(i) If the covered organization makes 
campaign-related disbursements using exclusively funds 
in a campaign-related disbursement segregated fund, for 
each payment made to the account by a person other than 
the covered organization--
``(I) the name and address of each person 
who made such payment to the account during the 
period covered by the statement;
``(II) the date and amount of such payment; 
and
``(III) the aggregate amount of all such 
payments made by the person during the period 
beginning on the first day of the election 
reporting cycle (or, if earlier, the period 
beginning one year before the disclosure date) 
and ending on the disclosure date,
but only if such payment was made by a person who made 
payments to the account in an aggregate amount of 
$10,000 or more during the period beginning on the 
first day of the election reporting cycle (or, if 
earlier, the period beginning one year before the 
disclosure date) and ending on the disclosure date.
``(ii) In any calendar year after 2027, section 
315(c)(1)(B) shall apply to the amount described in 
clause (i) in the same manner as such section applies 
to the limitations established under subsections 
(a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), (a)(3), and (h) of such section, 
except that for purposes of applying such section to 
the amounts described in subsection (b), the `base 
period' shall be calendar year 2027.
``(F)(i) If the covered organization makes 
campaign-related disbursements using funds other than 
funds in a campaign-related disbursement segregated 
fund, for each payment to the covered organization--
``(I) the name and address of each person 
who made such payment during the period covered 
by the statement;
``(II) the date and amount of such payment; 
and
``(III) the aggregate amount of all such 
payments made by the person during the period 
beginning on the first day of the election 
reporting cycle (or, if earlier, the period 
beginning one year before the disclosure date) 
and ending on the disclosure date,
but only if such payment was made by a person who made 
payments to the covered organization in an aggregate 
amount of $10,000 or more during the period beginning 
on the first day of the election reporting cycle (or, 
if earlier, the period beginning one year before the 
disclosure date) and ending on the disclosure date.
``(ii) In any calendar year after 2027, section 
315(c)(1)(B) shall apply to the amount described in 
clause (i) in the same manner as such section applies 
to the limitations established under subsections 
(a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), (a)(3), and (h) of such section, 
except that for purposes of applying such section to 
the amounts described in subsection (b), the `base 
period' shall be calendar year 2027.
``(G) Such other information as required in rules 
established by the Commission to promote the purposes 
of this section.
``(3) Exceptions.--
``(A) Amounts received in ordinary course of 
business.--The requirement to include in a statement 
filed under paragraph (1) the information described in 
paragraph (2) shall not apply to amounts received by 
the covered organization in commercial transactions in 
the ordinary course of any trade or business conducted 
by the covered organization or in the form of 
investments (other than investments by the principal 
shareholder in a limited liability corporation) in the 
covered organization. For purposes of this 
subparagraph, amounts received by a covered 
organization as remittances from an employee to the 
employee's collective bargaining representative shall 
be treated as amounts received in commercial 
transactions in the ordinary course of the business 
conducted by the covered organization.
``(B) Donor restriction on use of funds.--The 
requirement to include in a statement submitted under 
paragraph (1) the information described in subparagraph 
(F) of paragraph (2) shall not apply if--
``(i) the person described in such 
subparagraph prohibited, in writing, the use of 
the payment made by such person for campaign-
related disbursements; and
``(ii) the covered organization agreed to 
follow the prohibition and deposited the 
payment in an account which is segregated from 
a campaign-related disbursement segregated fund 
and any other account used to make campaign-
related disbursements.
``(C) Threat of harassment or reprisal.--The 
requirement to include any information relating to the 
name or address of any person (other than a candidate) 
in a statement submitted under paragraph (1) shall not 
apply if the inclusion of the information would subject 
the person to serious threats, harassment, or 
reprisals.
``(4) Other definitions.--For purposes of this section:
``(A) Beneficial owner defined.--
``(i) In general.--Except as provided in 
clause (ii), the term `beneficial owner' means, 
with respect to any entity, a natural person 
who, directly or indirectly--
``(I) exercises substantial control 
over an entity through ownership, 
voting rights, agreement, or otherwise; 
or
``(II) has a substantial interest 
in or receives substantial economic 
benefits from the assets of an entity.
``(ii) Exceptions.--The term `beneficial 
owner' shall not include--
``(I) a minor child;
``(II) a person acting as a 
nominee, intermediary, custodian, or 
agent on behalf of another person;
``(III) a person acting solely as 
an employee of an entity and whose 
control over or economic benefits from 
the entity derives solely from the 
employment status of the person;
``(IV) a person whose only interest 
in an entity is through a right of 
inheritance, unless the person also 
meets the requirements of clause (i); 
or
``(V) a creditor of an entity, 
unless the creditor also meets the 
requirements of clause (i).
``(iii) Anti-abuse rule.--The exceptions 
under clause (ii) shall not apply if used for 
the purpose of evading, circumventing, or 
abusing the provisions of clause (i) or 
paragraph (2)(A).
``(B) Campaign-related disbursement segregated 
fund.--The term `campaign-related disbursement 
segregated fund' means a segregated bank account 
consisting of funds that were paid directly to such 
account by persons other than the covered organization 
that controls the account.
``(C) Disclosure date.--The term `disclosure date' 
means--
``(i) the first date during any election 
reporting cycle by which a person has made 
campaign-related disbursements aggregating more 
than $10,000; and
``(ii) any other date during such election 
reporting cycle by which a person has made 
campaign-related disbursements aggregating more 
than $10,000 since the most recent disclosure 
date for such election reporting cycle.
``(D) Election reporting cycle.--The term `election 
reporting cycle' means the 2-year period beginning on 
the date of the most recent general election for 
Federal office.
``(E) Payment.--The term `payment' includes any 
contribution, donation, transfer, payment of dues, or 
other payment.
``(b) Coordination With Other Provisions.--
``(1) Other reports filed with the commission.--Information 
included in a statement filed under this section may be 
excluded from statements and reports filed under section 304.
``(2) Treatment as separate segregated fund.--A campaign-
related disbursement segregated fund may be treated as a 
separate segregated fund for purposes of section 527(f)(3) of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.
``(c) Filing.--Statements required to be filed under subsection (a) 
shall be subject to the requirements of section 304(d) to the same 
extent and in the same manner as if such reports had been required 
under subsection (c) or (g) of section 304.
``(d) Campaign-Related Disbursement Defined.--
``(1) In general.--In this section, the term `campaign-
related disbursement' means a disbursement by a covered 
organization for any of the following:
``(A) An independent expenditure which expressly 
advocates the election or defeat of a clearly 
identified candidate for election for Federal office, 
or is the functional equivalent of express advocacy 
because, when taken as a whole, it can be interpreted 
by a reasonable person only as advocating the election 
or defeat of a candidate for election for Federal 
office.
``(B) An applicable public communication.
``(C) An electioneering communication, as defined 
in section 304(f)(3).
``(D) A covered transfer.
``(2) Applicable public communications.--
``(A) In general.--The term `applicable public 
communication' means any public communication that 
refers to a clearly identified candidate for election 
for Federal office and which promotes or supports the 
election of a candidate for that office, or attacks or 
opposes the election of a candidate for that office, 
without regard to whether the communication expressly 
advocates a vote for or against a candidate for that 
office.
``(B) Exception.--Such term shall not include any 
news story, commentary, or editorial distributed 
through the facilities of any broadcasting station or 
any print, online, or digital newspaper, magazine, 
publication, or periodical, unless such facilities are 
owned or controlled by any political party, political 
committee, or candidate.
``(e) Covered Organization Defined.--In this section, the term 
`covered organization' means any of the following:
``(1) A corporation (other than an organization described 
in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986).
``(2) A limited liability corporation that is not otherwise 
treated as a corporation for purposes of this Act (other than 
an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986).
``(3) An organization described in section 501(c) of such 
Code and exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code 
(other than an organization described in section 501(c)(3) of 
such Code).
``(4) A labor organization (as defined in section 316(b)).
``(5) Any political organization under section 527 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986, other than a political committee 
under this Act (except as provided in paragraph (6)).
``(6) A political committee with an account that accepts 
donations or contributions that do not comply with the 
contribution limits or source prohibitions under this Act, but 
only with respect to such accounts.
``(f) Covered Transfer Defined.--
``(1) In general.--In this section, the term `covered 
transfer' means any transfer or payment of funds by a covered 
organization to another person if the covered organization--
``(A) designates, requests, or suggests that the 
amounts be used for--
``(i) campaign-related disbursements (other 
than covered transfers); or
``(ii) making a transfer to another person 
for the purpose of making or paying for such 
campaign-related disbursements;
``(B) made such transfer or payment in response to 
a solicitation or other request for a donation or 
payment for--
``(i) the making of or paying for campaign-
related disbursements (other than covered 
transfers); or
``(ii) making a transfer to another person 
for the purpose of making or paying for such 
campaign-related disbursements;
``(C) engaged in discussions with the recipient of 
the transfer or payment regarding--
``(i) the making of or paying for campaign-
related disbursements (other than covered 
transfers); or
``(ii) donating or transferring any amount 
of such transfer or payment to another person 
for the purpose of making or paying for such 
campaign-related disbursements; or
``(D) knew or had reason to know that the person 
receiving the transfer or payment would make campaign-
related disbursements in an aggregate amount of $50,000 
or more during the 2-year period beginning on the date 
of the transfer or payment.
``(2) Exclusions.--The term `covered transfer' does not 
include any of the following:
``(A) A disbursement made by a covered organization 
in a commercial transaction in the ordinary course of 
any trade or business conducted by the covered 
organization or in the form of investments made by the 
covered organization.
``(B) A disbursement made by a covered organization 
if--
``(i) the covered organization prohibited, 
in writing, the use of such disbursement for 
campaign-related disbursements; and
``(ii) the recipient of the disbursement 
agreed to follow the prohibition and deposited 
the disbursement in an account which is 
segregated from a campaign-related disbursement 
segregated fund and any other account used to 
make campaign-related disbursements.
``(3) Special rule regarding transfers among affiliates.--
``(A) Special rule.--A transfer of an amount by one 
covered organization to another covered organization 
which is treated as a transfer between affiliates under 
subparagraph (C) shall be considered a covered transfer 
by the covered organization which transfers the amount 
only if the aggregate amount transferred during the 
year by such covered organization to that same covered 
organization is equal to or greater than $50,000.
``(B) Determination of amount of certain payments 
among affiliates.--In determining the amount of a 
transfer between affiliates for purposes of 
subparagraph (A), to the extent that the transfer 
consists of funds attributable to dues, fees, or 
assessments which are paid by individuals on a regular, 
periodic basis in accordance with a per-individual 
calculation which is made on a regular basis, the 
transfer shall be attributed to the individuals paying 
the dues, fees, or assessments and shall not be 
attributed to the covered organization.
``(C) Description of transfers between 
affiliates.--A transfer of amounts from one covered 
organization to another covered organization shall be 
treated as a transfer between affiliates if--
``(i) one of the organizations is an 
affiliate of the other organization; or
``(ii) each of the organizations is an 
affiliate of the same organization,
except that the transfer shall not be treated as a 
transfer between affiliates if one of the organizations 
is established for the purpose of making campaign-
related disbursements.
``(D) Determination of affiliate status.--For 
purposes of subparagraph (C), a covered organization is 
an affiliate of another covered organization if--
``(i) the governing instrument of the 
organization requires it to be bound by 
decisions of the other organization;
``(ii) the governing board of the 
organization includes persons who are 
specifically designated representatives of the 
other organization or are members of the 
governing board, officers, or paid executive 
staff members of the other organization, or 
whose service on the governing board is 
contingent upon the approval of the other 
organization; or
``(iii) the organization is chartered by 
the other organization.
``(E) Coverage of transfers to affiliated section 
501(c)(3) organizations.--This paragraph shall apply 
with respect to an amount transferred by a covered 
organization to an organization described in paragraph 
(3) of section 501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 
1986 and exempt from tax under section 501(a) of such 
Code in the same manner as this paragraph applies to an 
amount transferred by a covered organization to another 
covered organization.
``(g) No Effect on Other Reporting Requirements.--Except as 
provided in subsection (b)(1), nothing in this section shall be 
construed to waive or otherwise affect any other requirement of this 
Act which relates to the reporting of campaign-related 
disbursements.''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 304(f)(6) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
30104) is amended by striking ``Any requirement'' and inserting 
``Except as provided in section 324(b), any requirement''.
(c) Regulations.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Federal Election Commission shall promulgate 
regulations relating the application of the exemption under section 
324(a)(3)(C) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added by 
subsection (a)). Such regulations--
(1) shall require that the legal burden of establishing 
eligibility for such exemption is upon the organization 
required to make the report required under section 324(a)(1) of 
such Act (as added by subsection (a)), and
(2) shall be consistent with the principles applied in 
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310 
(2010).

SEC. 803. REPORTING OF FEDERAL JUDICIAL NOMINATION DISBURSEMENTS.

(a) Findings.--Congress makes the following findings:
(1) A fair and impartial judiciary is critical for our 
democracy and crucial to maintain the faith of the people of 
the United States in the justice system. As the Supreme Court 
held in Caperton v. Massey, ``there is a serious risk of actual 
bias--based on objective and reasonable perceptions--when a 
person with a personal stake in a particular case had a 
significant and disproportionate influence in placing the judge 
on the case.'' (Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co., 556 U.S. 868, 
884 (2009)).
(2) Public trust in government is at a historic low. 
According to polling, most Americans believe that corporations 
have too much power and influence in politics and the courts.
(3) The prevalence and pervasiveness of dark money drives 
public concern about corruption in politics and the courts. 
Dark money is funding for organizations and political 
activities that cannot be traced to actual donors. It is made 
possible by loopholes in our tax laws and regulations, weak 
oversight by the Internal Revenue Service, and donor-friendly 
court decisions.
(4) Under current law, ``social welfare'' organizations and 
business leagues can use funds to influence elections so long 
as political activity is not their ``primary'' activity. Super 
PACs can accept and spend unlimited contributions from any non-
foreign source. These groups can spend tens of millions of 
dollars on political activities. Such dark money groups spent 
an estimated $1,050,000,000 in the 2020 election cycle.
(5) Dark money is used to shape judicial decision making. 
This can take many forms, akin to agency capture: influencing 
judicial selection by controlling who gets nominated and 
funding candidate advertisements; creating public relations 
campaigns aimed at mobilizing the judiciary around particular 
issues; and drafting law review articles, amicus briefs, and 
other products which tell judges how to decide a given case and 
provide ready-made arguments for willing judges to adopt.
(6) Over the past decade, nonprofit organizations that do 
not disclose their donors have spent hundreds of millions of 
dollars to influence the nomination and confirmation process 
for Federal judges. One organization alone has spent nearly 
$40,000,000 on advertisements supporting or opposing Supreme 
Court nominees since 2016.
(7) Anonymous money spent on judicial nominations is not 
subject to any disclosure requirements. Federal election laws 
only regulate contributions and expenditures relating to 
electoral politics; thus, expenditures, contributions, and 
advocacy efforts for Federal judgeships are not covered under 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971. Without more 
disclosure, the public has no way of knowing whether the people 
spending money supporting or opposing judicial nominations have 
business before the courts.
(8) Congress and the American people have a compelling 
interest in knowing who is funding these campaigns to select 
and confirm judges to lifetime appointments on the Federal 
bench.
(b) Reporting.--Section 324 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
1971 (52 U.S.C. 30126), as amended by section 802, is amended by 
redesignating subsection (g) as subsection (h) and by inserting after 
subsection (f) the following new subsection:
``(g) Application to Federal Judicial Nominations.--
``(1) In general.--For purposes of this section--
``(A) a disbursement by a covered organization for 
a Federal judicial nomination communication shall be 
treated as a campaign-related disbursement; and
``(B) in the case of campaign-related disbursements 
which are for Federal judicial nomination 
communications--
``(i) the dollar amounts in paragraphs (1) 
and (2) of subsection (a) shall be applied 
separately with respect to such disbursements 
and other campaign-related disbursements;
``(ii) the election reporting cycle shall 
be the calendar year in which the disbursement 
for the Federal judicial nomination 
communication is made;
``(iii) references to a candidate in 
subsections (a)(2)(C), (a)(2)(D), and (a)(3)(C) 
shall be treated as references to a nominee for 
a Federal judge or justice; and
``(iv) the reference to an election in 
subsection (a)(2)(C) shall be treated as a 
reference to the nomination of such nominee.
``(2) Federal judicial nomination communication.--
``(A) In general.--The term `Federal judicial 
nomination communication' means any communication--
``(i) that is by means of any broadcast, 
cable, or satellite, paid internet, or paid 
digital communication, paid promotion, 
newspaper, magazine, outdoor advertising 
facility, mass mailing, telephone bank, 
telephone messaging effort of more than 500 
substantially similar calls or electronic 
messages within a 30-day period, or any other 
form of general public political advertising; 
and
``(ii) which promotes, supports, attacks, 
or opposes the nomination or Senate 
confirmation of an individual as a Federal 
judge or justice.
``(B) Exception.--Such term shall not include any 
news story, commentary, or editorial distributed 
through the facilities of any broadcasting station or 
any print, online, or digital newspaper, magazine, 
publication, or periodical, unless such facilities are 
owned or controlled by any political party, political 
committee, or candidate.
``(C) Intent not required.--A disbursement for an 
item described in subparagraph (A) shall be treated as 
a disbursement for a Federal judicial nomination 
communication regardless of the intent of the person 
making the disbursement.''.

SEC. 804. COORDINATION WITH FINCEN.

(a) In General.--The Director of the Financial Crimes Enforcement 
Network of the Department of the Treasury shall provide the Federal 
Election Commission with such information as necessary to assist in 
administering and enforcing section 324 of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971, as amended by this title.
(b) Report.--Not later than 6 months after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Chairman of the Federal Election Commission, 
in consultation with the Director of the Financial Crimes Enforcement 
Network of the Department of the Treasury, shall submit to Congress a 
report with recommendations for providing further legislative authority 
to assist in the administration and enforcement of such section 324.

SEC. 805. APPLICATION OF FOREIGN MONEY BAN TO DISBURSEMENTS FOR 
CAMPAIGN-RELATED DISBURSEMENTS CONSISTING OF COVERED 
TRANSFERS.

Section 319(b)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 
U.S.C. 30121(a)(1)(A)), as amended by section 802, is amended--
(1) by striking ``includes any disbursement'' and inserting 
``includes--
``(A) any disbursement'';
(2) by striking the period at the end and inserting ``; 
and''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
``(B) any disbursement, other than a disbursement 
described in section 324(a)(3)(A), to another person 
who made a campaign-related disbursement consisting of 
a covered transfer (as described in section 324) during 
the 2-year period ending on the date of the 
disbursement.''.

SEC. 806. SENSE OF CONGRESS REGARDING IMPLEMENTATION.

It is the sense of Congress that the Federal Election Commission 
should simplify the process for filing any disclosure required under 
the provisions of, and amendments made by, this title in order to 
ensure that such process is as easy and accessible as possible.

SEC. 807. EFFECTIVE DATE.

The amendments made by this title shall apply with respect to 
disbursements made on or after January 1, 2027, and shall take effect 
without regard to whether or not the Federal Election Commission has 
promulgated regulations to carry out such amendments.

TITLE IX--BAN CORPORATE PACS ACT

SECTION 901. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``Ban Corporate PACs Act''.

SEC. 902. LIMITING AUTHORITY OF CORPORATIONS TO ESTABLISH OR OPERATE 
SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUNDS FOR POLITICAL PURPOSES TO 
NONPROFIT CORPORATIONS.

(a) Limitation.--
(1) In general.--Section 316(b)(2)(C) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30118(b)(2)(C)) is 
amended by striking ``a corporation'' and inserting ``a 
nonprofit corporation''.
(2) Definition.--Section 316(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
30118(b)) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
paragraph:
``(8) For purposes of this section, the term `nonprofit 
corporation' means a corporation described in section 501(c) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation under section 
501(a) of such Code, other than a corporation which is ineligible to be 
exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code if it 
establishes a separate segregated fund under this subsection.''.
(b) Permitting Solicitation of Contributions Only From Executive 
and Administrative Personnel.--Section 316(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
30118(b)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (4)(A)(i), by striking ``its stockholders 
and their families and'';
(2) in paragraph (4)(B)--
(A) by striking ``a corporation'' the first place 
it appears and inserting ``a nonprofit corporation'';
(B) by striking ``any stockholder, executive or 
administrative personnel,'' and inserting ``any 
executive or administrative personnel''; and
(C) by striking ``stockholders, executive or 
administrative personnel,'' and inserting ``executive 
or administrative personnel'';
(3) in paragraph (4)(D)--
(A) by striking ``stockholders and'';
(B) by striking ``such stockholders or personnel'' 
and inserting ``such personnel''; and
(C) by striking ``such stockholders and personnel'' 
and inserting ``such personnel''; and
(4) in paragraph (5), by striking ``stockholders and''.
(c) Treatment of Government Contractors.--Section 317(b) of such 
Act (52 U.S.C. 30119(b)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``any corporation'' and inserting ``any 
nonprofit corporation''; and
(2) by striking ``a corporation'' and inserting ``a 
nonprofit corporation''.

SEC. 903. EFFECTIVE DATE; TRANSITION FOR EXISTING FUNDS AND COMMITTEES.

(a) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this title shall take 
effect on the date of the enactment of this Act.
(b) Transition for Existing Funds and Committees.--In the case of a 
separate segregate fund established and operating under section 
316(b)(2)(C) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 
30118(b)(2)(C)) as of the date of the enactment of this Act which is 
not a fund of a nonprofit corporation as defined in section 316(b)(8) 
of such Act (as added by section 2(a)(2)), the fund shall terminate and 
disburse its entire balance not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act.

TITLE X--NONPARTISAN REDISTRICTING REFORM

SEC. 1001. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``Title V of the Freedom to Vote 
Act''.

SEC. 1002. FINDING OF CONSTITUTIONAL AUTHORITY.

Congress finds that it has the authority to establish the terms and 
conditions States must follow in carrying out congressional 
redistricting after an apportionment of Members of the House of 
Representatives because--
(1) the authority granted to Congress under article I, 
section 4 of the Constitution of the United States gives 
Congress the power to enact laws governing the time, place, and 
manner of elections for Members of the House of 
Representatives;
(2) the authority granted to Congress under section 5 of 
the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution gives Congress the 
power to enact laws to enforce section 2 of such amendment, 
which requires Representatives to be apportioned among the 
several States according to their number;
(3) the authority granted to Congress under section 5 of 
the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution gives Congress the 
power to enact laws to enforce section 1 of such amendment, 
including protections against excessive partisan gerrymandering 
that Federal courts have not enforced because they understand 
such enforcement to be committed to Congress by the 
Constitution;
(4) of the authority granted to Congress to enforce article 
IV, section 4, of the Constitution, and the guarantee of a 
Republican Form of Government to every State, which Federal 
courts have not enforced because they understand such 
enforcement to be committed to Congress by the Constitution;
(5) requiring States to use uniform redistricting criteria 
is an appropriate and important exercise of such authority; and
(6) partisan gerrymandering dilutes citizens' votes because 
partisan gerrymandering injures voters and political parties by 
infringing on their First Amendment right to associate freely 
and their Fourteenth Amendment right to equal protection of the 
laws.

SEC. 1003. BAN ON MID-DECADE REDISTRICTING.

A State that has been redistricted in accordance with this title 
may not be redistricted again until after the next apportionment of 
Representatives under section 22(a) of the Act entitled ``An Act to 
provide for the fifteenth and subsequent decennial censuses and to 
provide for an apportionment of Representatives in Congress'', approved 
June 18, 1929 (2 U.S.C. 2a), unless a court requires the State to 
conduct such subsequent redistricting to comply with the Constitution 
of the United States, the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et 
seq.), the terms or conditions of this title, or applicable State law.

SEC. 1004. CRITERIA FOR REDISTRICTING.

(a) Requiring Plans To Meet Criteria.--A State may not use a 
congressional redistricting plan enacted following the notice of 
apportionment transmitted to the President on April 26, 2021, or any 
subsequent notice of apportionment, if such plan is not in compliance 
with this section, without regard to whether or not the plan was 
enacted by the State before, on, or after the effective date of this 
title.
(b) Ranked Criteria.--Under the redistricting plan of a State, 
there shall be established single-member congressional districts using 
the following criteria as set forth in the following order of priority:
(1) Districts shall comply with the United States 
Constitution, including the requirement that they substantially 
equalize total population, without regard to age, citizenship 
status, or immigration status.
(2) Districts shall comply with the Voting Rights Act of 
1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.), including by creating any 
districts where, if based upon the totality of the 
circumstances, 2 or more politically cohesive groups protected 
by such Act are able to elect representatives of choice in 
coalition with one another, and all applicable Federal laws.
(3)(A) Districts shall be drawn, to the extent that the 
totality of the circumstances warrant, to ensure the practical 
ability of a group protected under the Voting Rights Act of 
1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.) to participate in the political 
process and to nominate candidates and to elect representatives 
of choice is not diluted or diminished, regardless of whether 
or not such protected group constitutes a majority of a 
district's population, voting age population, or citizen voting 
age population.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), the assessment of 
whether a protected group has the practical ability to nominate 
candidates and to elect representatives of choice shall require 
the consideration of the following factors:
(i) Whether the group is politically cohesive.
(ii) Whether there is racially polarized voting in 
the relevant geographic region.
(iii) If there is racially polarized voting in the 
relevant geographic region, whether the preferred 
candidates of the group nevertheless receive a 
sufficient amount of consistent crossover support from 
other voters such that the group is a functional 
majority with the ability to both nominate candidates 
and elect representatives of choice.
(4)(A) Districts shall be drawn to represent communities of 
interest and neighborhoods to the extent practicable after 
compliance with the requirements of paragraphs (1) through (3). 
A community of interest is defined as an area for which the 
record before the entity responsible for developing and 
adopting the redistricting plan demonstrates the existence of 
broadly shared interests and representational needs, including 
shared interests and representational needs rooted in common 
ethnic, racial, economic, Indian, social, cultural, geographic, 
or historic identities, or arising from similar socioeconomic 
conditions. The term communities of interest may, if the record 
warrants, include political subdivisions such as counties, 
municipalities, Indian lands, or school districts, but shall 
not include common relationships with political parties or 
political candidates.
(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A), in considering the 
needs of multiple, overlapping communities of interest, the 
entity responsible for developing and adopting the 
redistricting plan shall give greater weight to those 
communities of interest whose representational needs would most 
benefit from the community's inclusion in a single 
congressional district.
(c) No Favoring or Disfavoring of Political Parties.--
(1) Prohibition.--A State may not use a redistricting plan 
to conduct an election if the plan's congressional districts, 
when considered cumulatively on a statewide basis, have been 
drawn with the intent or have the effect of materially favoring 
or disfavoring any political party.
(2) Determination of effect.--The determination of whether 
a redistricting plan has the effect of materially favoring or 
disfavoring a political party shall be based on an evaluation 
of the totality of circumstances which, at a minimum, shall 
involve consideration of each of the following factors:
(A) Computer modeling based on relevant statewide 
general elections for Federal office held over the 8 
years preceding the adoption of the redistricting plan 
setting forth the probable electoral outcomes for the 
plan under a range of reasonably foreseeable 
conditions.
(B) An analysis of whether the redistricting plan 
is statistically likely to result in partisan advantage 
or disadvantage on a statewide basis, the degree of any 
such advantage or disadvantage, and whether such 
advantage or disadvantage is likely to be present under 
a range of reasonably foreseeable electoral conditions.
(C) A comparison of the modeled electoral outcomes 
for the redistricting plan to the modeled electoral 
outcomes for alternative plans that demonstrably comply 
with the requirements of paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) 
of subsection (b) in order to determine whether 
reasonable alternatives exist that would result in 
materially lower levels of partisan advantage or 
disadvantage on a statewide basis. For purposes of this 
subparagraph, alternative plans considered may include 
both actual plans proposed during the redistricting 
process and other plans prepared for purposes of 
comparison.
(D) Any other relevant information, including how 
broad support for the redistricting plan was among 
members of the entity responsible for developing and 
adopting the plan and whether the processes leading to 
the development and adoption of the plan were 
transparent and equally open to all members of the 
entity and to the public.
(3) Rebuttable presumption.--
(A) Trigger.--In any civil action brought under 
section 1006 in which a party asserts a claim that a 
State has enacted a redistricting plan which is in 
violation of this subsection, a party may file a motion 
not later than 30 days after the enactment of the plan 
(or, in the case of a plan enacted before the effective 
date of this Act, not later than 30 days after the 
effective date of this Act) requesting that the court 
determine whether a presumption of such a violation 
exists. If such a motion is timely filed, the court 
shall hold a hearing not later than 15 days after the 
date the motion is filed to assess whether a 
presumption of such a violation exists.
(B) Assessment.--To conduct the assessment required 
under subparagraph (A), the court shall do the 
following:
(i) Determine the number of congressional 
districts under the plan that would have been 
carried by each political party's candidates 
for the office of President and the office of 
Senator in the 2 most recent general elections 
for the office of President and the 2 most 
recent general elections for the office of 
Senator (other than special general elections) 
immediately preceding the enactment of the 
plan, except that if a State conducts a primary 
election for the office of Senator which is 
open to candidates of all political parties, 
the primary election shall be used instead of 
the general election and the number of 
districts carried by a party's candidates for 
the office of Senator shall be determined on 
the basis of the combined vote share of all 
candidates in the election who are affiliated 
with such party.
(ii) Determine, for each of the 4 elections 
assessed under clause (i), whether the number 
of districts that would have been carried by 
any party's candidate as determined under 
clause (i) results in partisan advantage or 
disadvantage in excess of the applicable 
threshold described in subparagraph (C). The 
degree of partisan advantage or disadvantage 
shall be determined by one or more standard 
quantitative measures of partisan fairness 
that--
(I) use a party's share of the 
statewide vote to calculate a 
corresponding benchmark share of seats; 
and
(II) measure the amount by which 
the share of seats the party's 
candidate would have won in the 
election involved exceeds the benchmark 
share of seats.
(C) Applicable threshold described.--The applicable 
threshold described in this subparagraph is, with 
respect to a State and a number of seats, the greater 
of--
(i) an amount equal to 7 percent of the 
number of congressional districts in the State; 
or
(ii) one congressional district.
(D) Description of quantitative measures; 
prohibiting rounding.--In carrying out this 
subsection--
(i) the standard quantitative measures of 
partisan fairness used by the court may include 
the simplified efficiency gap but may not 
include strict proportionality; and
(ii) the court may not round any number.
(E) Presumption of violation.--A plan is presumed 
to violate paragraph (1) if, on the basis of at least 
one standard quantitative measure of partisan fairness, 
it exceeds the applicable threshold described in 
subparagraph (C) with respect to 2 or more of the 4 
elections assessed under subparagraph (B).
(F) Stay of use of plan.--Notwithstanding any other 
provision of this title, in any action under this 
paragraph, the following rules shall apply:
(i) Upon filing of a motion under 
subparagraph (A), a State's use of the plan 
which is the subject of the motion shall be 
automatically stayed pending resolution of such 
motion.
(ii) If after considering the motion, the 
court rules that the plan is presumed under 
subparagraph (E) to violate paragraph (1), a 
State may not use such plan until and unless 
the court which is carrying out the 
determination of the effect of the plan under 
paragraph (2) determines that, notwithstanding 
the presumptive violation, the plan does not 
violate paragraph (1).
(G) No effect on other assessments.--The absence of 
a presumption of a violation with respect to a 
redistricting plan as determined under this paragraph 
shall not affect the determination of the effect or 
intent of the plan under this section.
(4) Determination of intent.--A court may rely on all 
available evidence when determining whether a redistricting 
plan was drawn with the intent to materially favor or disfavor 
a political party, including evidence of the partisan effects 
of a plan, the degree of support the plan received from members 
of the entity responsible for developing and adopting the plan, 
and whether the processes leading to development and adoption 
of the plan were transparent and equally open to all members of 
the entity and to the public.
(5) No violation based on certain criteria.--No 
redistricting plan shall be found to be in violation of 
paragraph (1) because of the proper application of the criteria 
set forth in paragraphs (1), (2), or (3) of subsection (b), 
unless one or more alternative plans could have complied with 
such paragraphs without having the effect of materially 
favoring or disfavoring a political party.
(d) Factors Prohibited From Consideration.--In developing the 
redistricting plan for the State, the State may not take into 
consideration any of the following factors, except as necessary to 
comply with the criteria described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of 
subsection (b), to achieve partisan fairness and comply with subsection 
(b), and to enable the redistricting plan to be measured against the 
external metrics described in section 1004(c):
(1) The residence of any Member of the House of 
Representatives or candidate.
(2) The political party affiliation or voting history of 
the population of a district.
(e) Additional Criteria.--A State may not rely upon criteria, 
districting principles, or other policies of the State which are not 
set forth in this section to justify non-compliance with the 
requirements of this section.
(f) Applicability.--
(1) In general.--This section applies to any authority, 
whether appointed, elected, judicial, or otherwise, responsible 
for enacting the congressional redistricting plan of a State.
(2) Date of enactment.--This section applies to any 
congressional redistricting plan enacted following the notice 
of apportionment transmitted to the President on April 26, 
2021, regardless of the date of enactment by the State of the 
congressional redistricting plan.
(g) Severability of Criteria.--If any provision of this section, or 
the application of any such provision to any person or circumstance, is 
held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of this section, and the 
application of such provision to any other person or circumstance, 
shall not be affected by the holding.

SEC. 1005. DEVELOPMENT OF PLAN.

(a) Public Notice and Input.--
(1) Use of open and transparent process.--The entity 
responsible for developing and adopting the congressional 
redistricting plan of a State shall solicit and take into 
consideration comments from the public throughout the process 
of developing the plan, and shall carry out its duties in an 
open and transparent manner which provides for the widest 
public dissemination reasonably possible of its proposed and 
final redistricting plans.
(2) Website.--
(A) Features.--The entity shall maintain a public 
internet site which is not affiliated with or 
maintained by the office of any elected official and 
which includes the following features:
(i) All proposed redistricting plans and 
the final redistricting plan, including the 
accompanying written evaluation under 
subsection (c).
(ii) All comments received from the public 
submitted under paragraph (1).
(iii) Access in an easily usable format to 
the demographic and other data used by the 
entity to develop and analyze the proposed 
redistricting plans, together with any reports 
analyzing and evaluating such plans and access 
to software that members of the public may use 
to draw maps of proposed districts.
(iv) A method by which members of the 
public may submit comments directly to the 
entity.
(B) Searchable format.--The entity shall ensure 
that all information posted and maintained on the site 
under this paragraph, including information and 
proposed maps submitted by the public, shall be 
maintained in an easily searchable format.
(3) Multiple language requirements for all notices.--The 
entity responsible for developing and adopting the plan shall 
make each notice which is required to be posted and published 
under this section available in any language in which the State 
(or any jurisdiction in the State) is required to provide 
election materials under section 203 of the Voting Rights Act 
of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10503).
(b) Development of Plan.--
(1) Hearings.--The entity responsible for developing and 
adopting the congressional redistricting plan shall hold 
hearings both before and after releasing proposed plans in 
order to solicit public input on the content of such plans. 
These hearings shall--
(A) be held in different regions of the State and 
streamed live on the public internet site maintained 
under subsection (a)(2); and
(B) be sufficient in number, scheduled at times and 
places, and noticed and conducted in a manner to ensure 
that all members of the public, including members of 
racial, ethnic, and language minorities protected under 
the Voting Rights Act of 1965, have a meaningful 
opportunity to attend and provide input both before and 
after the entity releases proposed plans.
(2) Posting of maps.--The entity responsible for developing 
and adopting the congressional redistricting plan shall make 
proposed plans, amendments to proposed plans, and the data 
needed to analyze such plans for compliance with the criteria 
of this title available for public review, including on the 
public internet site required under subsection (a)(2), for a 
period of not less than 5 days before any vote or hearing is 
held on any such plan or any amendment to such a plan.
(c) Release of Written Evaluation of Plan Against External Metrics 
Required Prior to Vote.--The entity responsible for developing and 
adopting the congressional redistricting plan for a State may not hold 
a vote on a proposed redistricting plan, including a vote in a 
committee, unless at least 48 hours prior to holding the vote the State 
has released a written evaluation that measures each such plan against 
external metrics which cover the criteria set forth in section 1003(b), 
including the impact of the plan on the ability of members of a class 
of citizens protected by the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 
et seq.) to elect candidates of choice, the degree to which the plan 
preserves or divides communities of interest, and any analysis used by 
the State to assess compliance with the requirements of section 1003(b) 
and (c).
(d) Public Input and Comments.--The entity responsible for 
developing and adopting the congressional redistricting plan for a 
State shall make all public comments received about potential plans, 
including alternative plans, available to the public on the internet 
site required under subsection (a)(2), at no cost, not later than 24 
hours prior to holding a vote on final adoption of a plan.

SEC. 1006. FAILURE BY STATE TO ENACT PLAN.

(a) Deadline for Enactment of Plan.--
(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), each 
State shall enact a final congressional redistricting plan 
following transmission of a notice of apportionment to the 
President by the earliest of--
(A) the deadline set forth in State law, including 
any extension to the deadline provided in accordance 
with State law;
(B) February 15 of the year in which regularly 
scheduled general elections for Federal office are held 
in the State; or
(C) 90 days before the date of the next regularly 
scheduled primary election for Federal office held in 
the State.
(2) Special rule for plans enacted prior to effective date 
of title.--If a State enacted a final congressional 
redistricting plan prior to the effective date of this title 
and the plan is not in compliance with the requirements of this 
title, the State shall enact a final redistricting plan which 
is in compliance with the requirements of this title not later 
than 45 days after the effective date of this title.
(b) Development of Plan by Court in Case of Missed Deadline.--If a 
State has not enacted a final congressional redistricting plan by the 
applicable deadline under subsection (a), or it appears reasonably 
likely that a State will fail to enact a final congressional 
redistricting plan by such deadline--
(1) any citizen of the State may file an action in the 
United States district court for the applicable venue asking 
the district court to assume jurisdiction;
(2) the United States district court for the applicable 
venue, acting through a 3-judge court convened pursuant to 
section 2284 of title 28, United States Code, shall have the 
exclusive authority to develop and publish the congressional 
redistricting plan for the State; and
(3) the final congressional redistricting plan developed 
and published by the court under this section shall be deemed 
to be enacted on the date on which the court publishes the 
final congressional redistricting plan, as described in 
subsection (e).
(c) Applicable Venue.--For purposes of this section, the 
``applicable venue'' with respect to a State is the District of 
Columbia or the judicial district in which the capital of the State is 
located, as selected by the first party to file with the court 
sufficient evidence that a State has failed to, or is reasonably likely 
to fail to, enact a final redistricting plan for the State prior to the 
expiration of the applicable deadline set forth in subsection (a).
(d) Procedures for Development of Plan.--
(1) Criteria.--In developing a redistricting plan for a 
State under this section, the court shall adhere to the same 
terms and conditions that applied (or that would have applied, 
as the case may be) to the development of a plan by the State 
under section 1003.
(2) Access to information and records.--The court shall 
have access to any information, data, software, or other 
records and material that was used (or that would have been 
used, as the case may be) by the State in carrying out its 
duties under this title.
(3) Hearing; public participation.--In developing a 
redistricting plan for a State, the court shall--
(A) hold one or more evidentiary hearings at which 
interested members of the public may appear and be 
heard and present testimony, including expert 
testimony, in accordance with the rules of the court; 
and
(B) consider other submissions and comments by the 
public, including proposals for redistricting plans to 
cover the entire State or any portion of the State.
(4) Use of special master.--To assist in the development 
and publication of a redistricting plan for a State under this 
section, the court may appoint a special master to make 
recommendations to the court on possible plans for the State.
(e) Publication of Plan.--
(1) Public availability of initial plan.--Upon completing 
the development of one or more initial redistricting plans, the 
court shall make the plans available to the public at no cost, 
and shall also make available the underlying data used to 
develop the plans and a written evaluation of the plans against 
external metrics (as described in section 1004(c)).
(2) Publication of final plan.--At any time after the 
expiration of the 14-day period which begins on the date the 
court makes the plans available to the public under paragraph 
(1), and taking into consideration any submissions and comments 
by the public which are received during such period, the court 
shall develop and publish the final redistricting plan for the 
State.
(f) Use of Interim Plan.--In the event that the court is not able 
to develop and publish a final redistricting plan for the State with 
sufficient time for an upcoming election to proceed, the court may 
develop and publish an interim redistricting plan which shall serve as 
the redistricting plan for the State until the court develops and 
publishes a final plan in accordance with this section. Nothing in this 
subsection may be construed to limit or otherwise affect the authority 
or discretion of the court to develop and publish the final 
redistricting plan, including the discretion to make any changes the 
court deems necessary to an interim redistricting plan.
(g) Appeals.--Review on appeal of any final or interim plan adopted 
by the court in accordance with this section shall be governed by the 
appellate process in section 1006.
(h) Stay of State Proceedings.--The filing of an action under this 
section shall act as a stay of any proceedings in State court with 
respect to the State's congressional redistricting plan unless 
otherwise ordered by the court.

SEC. 1007. CIVIL ENFORCEMENT.

(a) Civil Enforcement.--
(1) Actions by attorney general.--The Attorney General may 
bring a civil action for such relief as may be appropriate to 
carry out this title.
(2) Availability of private right of action.--
(A) In general.--Any person residing or domiciled 
in a State who is aggrieved by the failure of the State 
to meet the requirements of the Constitution or Federal 
law, including this title, with respect to the State's 
congressional redistricting, may bring a civil action 
in the United States district court for the applicable 
venue for such relief as may be appropriate to remedy 
the failure.
(B) Special rule for claims relating to partisan 
advantage.--For purposes of subparagraph (A), a person 
who is aggrieved by the failure of a State to meet the 
requirements of section 1003(c) may include--
(i) any political party or committee in the 
State; and
(ii) any registered voter in the State who 
resides in a congressional district that the 
voter alleges was drawn in a manner that 
contributes to a violation of such section.
(C) No awarding of damages to prevailing party.--
Except for an award of attorney's fees under subsection 
(d), a court in a civil action under this section shall 
not award the prevailing party any monetary damages, 
compensatory, punitive, or otherwise.
(3) Delivery of complaint to house and senate.--In any 
action brought under this section, a copy of the complaint 
shall be delivered promptly to the Clerk of the House of 
Representatives and the Secretary of the Senate.
(4) Exclusive jurisdiction and applicable venue.--The 
district courts of the United States shall have exclusive 
jurisdiction to hear and determine claims asserting that a 
congressional redistricting plan violates the requirements of 
the Constitution or Federal law, including this title. The 
applicable venue for such an action shall be the United States 
District Court for the District of Columbia or for the judicial 
district in which the capital of the State is located, as 
selected by the person bringing the action. In a civil action 
that includes a claim that a redistricting plan is in violation 
of subsection (b) or (c) of section 1003, the United States 
District Court for the District of Columbia shall have 
jurisdiction over any defendant who has been served in any 
United States judicial district in which the defendant resides, 
is found, or has an agent, or in the United States judicial 
district in which the capital of the State is located. Process 
may be served in any United States judicial district where a 
defendant resides, is found, or has an agent, or in the United 
States judicial district in which the capital of the State is 
located.
(5) Use of 3-judge court.--If an action under this section 
raises statewide claims under the Constitution or this title, 
the action shall be heard by a 3-judge court convened pursuant 
to section 2284 of title 28, United States Code.
(6) Review of final decision.--A final decision in an 
action brought under this section shall be reviewable on appeal 
by the United States Court of Appeals for the District of 
Columbia Circuit, which shall hear the matter sitting en banc. 
There shall be no right of appeal in such proceedings to any 
other court of appeals. Such appeal shall be taken by the 
filing of a notice of appeal within 10 days of the entry of the 
final decision. A final decision by the Court of Appeals may be 
reviewed by the Supreme Court of the United States by writ of 
certiorari.
(b) Expedited Consideration.--In any action brought under this 
section, it shall be the duty of the district court, the United States 
Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, and the Supreme 
Court of the United States (if it chooses to hear the action) to 
advance on the docket and to expedite to the greatest possible extent 
the disposition of the action and appeal.
(c) Remedies.--
(1) Adoption of replacement plan.--
(A) In general.--If the district court in an action 
under this section finds that the congressional 
redistricting plan of a State violates, in whole or in 
part, the requirements of this title--
(i) the court shall adopt a replacement 
congressional redistricting plan for the State 
in accordance with the process set forth in 
section 1005; or
(ii) if circumstances warrant and no delay 
to an upcoming regularly scheduled election for 
the House of Representatives in the State would 
result, the district court, in its discretion, 
may allow a State to develop and propose a 
remedial congressional redistricting plan for 
review by the court to determine whether the 
plan is in compliance with this title, except 
that--
(I) the State may not develop and 
propose a remedial plan under this 
clause if the court determines that the 
congressional redistricting plan of the 
State was enacted with discriminatory 
intent in violation of the Constitution 
or section 1003(b); and
(II) nothing in this clause may be 
construed to permit a State to use such 
a remedial plan which has not been 
approved by the court.
(B) Prohibiting use of plans in violation of 
requirements.--No court shall order a State to use a 
congressional redistricting plan which violates, in 
whole or in part, the requirements of this title, or to 
conduct an election under terms and conditions which 
violate, in whole or in part, the requirements of this 
title.
(C) Special rule in case final adjudication not 
expected within 3 months of election.--
(i) Duty of court.--If final adjudication 
of an action under this section is not 
reasonably expected to be completed at least 3 
months prior to the next regularly scheduled 
primary election for the House of 
Representatives in the State, the district 
court shall--
(I) develop, adopt, and order the 
use of an interim congressional 
redistricting plan in accordance with 
section 1005(f) to address any claims 
under this title for which a party 
seeking relief has demonstrated a 
substantial likelihood of success; or
(II) order adjustments to the 
timing of primary elections for the 
House of Representatives and other 
related deadlines, as needed, to allow 
sufficient opportunity for adjudication 
of the matter and adoption of a 
remedial or replacement plan for use in 
the next regularly scheduled general 
elections for the House of 
Representatives.
(ii) Prohibiting failure to act on grounds 
of pendency of election.--The court may not 
refuse to take any action described in clause 
(i) on the grounds of the pendency of the next 
election held in the State or the potential for 
disruption, confusion, or additional burdens 
with respect to the administration of the 
election in the State.
(2) No stay pending appeal.--Notwithstanding the appeal of 
an order finding that a congressional redistricting plan of a 
State violates, in whole or in part, the requirements of this 
title, no stay shall issue which shall bar the development or 
adoption of a replacement or remedial plan under this 
subsection, as may be directed by the district court, pending 
such appeal. If such a replacement or remedial plan has been 
adopted, no appellate court may stay or otherwise enjoin the 
use of such plan during the pendency of an appeal, except upon 
an order holding, based on the record, that adoption of such 
plan was an abuse of discretion.
(3) Special authority of court of appeals.--
(A) Ordering of new remedial plan.--If, upon 
consideration of an appeal under this title, the Court 
of Appeals determines that a plan does not comply with 
the requirements of this title, it shall direct that 
the District Court promptly develop a new remedial plan 
with assistance of a special master for consideration 
by the Court of Appeals.
(B) Failure of district court to take timely 
action.--If, at any point during the pendency of an 
action under this section, the District Court fails to 
take action necessary to permit resolution of the case 
prior to the next regularly scheduled election for the 
House of Representatives in the State or fails to grant 
the relief described in paragraph (1)(C), any party may 
seek a writ of mandamus from the Court of Appeals for 
the District of Columbia Circuit. The Court of Appeals 
shall have jurisdiction over the motion for a writ of 
mandamus and shall establish an expedited briefing and 
hearing schedule for resolution of the motion. If the 
Court of Appeals determines that a writ should be 
granted, the Court of Appeals shall take any action 
necessary, including developing a congressional 
redistricting plan with assistance of a special master 
to ensure that a remedial plan is adopted in time for 
use in the next regularly scheduled election for the 
House of Representatives in the State.
(4) Effect of enactment of replacement plan.--A State's 
enactment of a redistricting plan which replaces a plan which 
is the subject of an action under this section shall not be 
construed to limit or otherwise affect the authority of the 
court to adjudicate or grant relief with respect to any claims 
or issues not addressed by the replacement plan, including 
claims that the plan which is the subject of the action was 
enacted, in whole or in part, with discriminatory intent, or 
claims to consider whether relief should be granted under 
section 3(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 
10302(c)) based on the plan which is the subject of the action.
(d) Attorney's Fees.--In a civil action under this section, the 
court may allow the prevailing party (other than the United States) 
reasonable attorney fees, including litigation expenses, and costs.
(e) Relation to Other Laws.--
(1) Rights and remedies additional to other rights and 
remedies.--The rights and remedies established by this section 
are in addition to all other rights and remedies provided by 
law, and neither the rights and remedies established by this 
section nor any other provision of this title shall supersede, 
restrict, or limit the application of the Voting Rights Act of 
1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.).
(2) Voting rights act of 1965.--Nothing in this title 
authorizes or requires conduct that is prohibited by the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.).
(f) Legislative Privilege.--No person, legislature, or State may 
claim legislative privilege under either State or Federal law in a 
civil action brought under this section or in any other legal 
challenge, under either State or Federal law, to a redistricting plan 
enacted under this title.
(g) Removal.--
(1) In general.--At any time, a civil action brought in a 
State court which asserts a claim for which the district courts 
of the United States have exclusive jurisdiction under this 
title may be removed by any party in the case, including an 
intervenor, by filing, in the district court for an applicable 
venue under this section, a notice of removal signed pursuant 
to Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure containing a 
short and plain statement of the grounds for removal. Consent 
of parties shall not be required for removal.
(2) Claims not within the original or supplemental 
jurisdiction.--If a civil action removed in accordance with 
paragraph (1) contains claims not within the original or 
supplemental jurisdiction of the district court, the district 
court shall sever all such claims and remand them to the State 
court from which the action was removed.

SEC. 1008. NO EFFECT ON ELECTIONS FOR STATE AND LOCAL OFFICE.

Nothing in this title or in any amendment made by this title may be 
construed to affect the manner in which a State carries out elections 
for State or local office, including the process by which a State 
establishes the districts used in such elections.

SEC. 1009. EFFECTIVE DATE.

(a) In General.--This title and the amendments made by this title 
shall apply on the date of enactment of this title.
(b) Application to Congressional Redistricting Plans Resulting From 
2020 Decennial Census.--Notwithstanding subsection (a), this title and 
the amendments made by this title, other than section 1004, shall apply 
with respect to each congressional redistricting plan enacted pursuant 
to the notice of apportionment transmitted to the President on April 
26, 2021, without regard to whether or not a State enacted such a plan 
prior to the date of the enactment of this Act.

TITLE XI--JOHN R. LEWIS VOTING RIGHTS ADVANCEMENT ACT

SECTION 1101. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``John R. Lewis Voting Rights 
Advancement Act of 2025''.

SEC. 1102. VOTE DILUTION, DENIAL, AND ABRIDGMENT CLAIMS.

(a) In General.--Section 2(a) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 
U.S.C. 10301(a)) is amended--
(1) by inserting after ``applied by any State or political 
subdivision'' the following: ``for the purpose of, or''; and
(2) by striking ``as provided in subsection (b)'' and 
inserting ``as provided in subsection (b), (c), (d), or (f)''.
(b) Vote Dilution.--Section 2(b) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 10301(b)) 
is amended--
(1) by inserting after ``A violation of subsection (a)'' 
the following: ``for vote dilution'';
(2) by inserting after the period at the end the following: 
``For the purposes of this subsection:'';
(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
``(1) To prevail in demonstrating that a representational, 
districting, or apportionment scheme results in vote dilution, 
a plaintiff shall, as a threshold matter, establish that--
``(A) the members of the protected class are 
sufficiently numerous and geographically compact to 
constitute a majority in a single-member district;
``(B) the members of the protected class are 
politically cohesive; and
``(C) the residents of that district who are not 
the members of the protected class usually vote 
sufficiently as a bloc to enable them to defeat the 
preferred candidates of the members of the protected 
class.
``(2) Upon a plaintiff establishing the required threshold 
showing under paragraph (1), a court shall conduct a totality 
of the circumstances analysis with respect to a claim of vote 
dilution to determine whether there was a violation of 
subsection (a), which shall include the following factors:
``(A) The extent of any history of official voting 
discrimination in the State or political subdivision 
that affected the right of members of the protected 
class to register, to vote, or otherwise to participate 
in the political process.
``(B) The extent to which voting in the elections 
of the State or political subdivision is racially 
polarized.
``(C) The extent to which the State or political 
subdivision has used voting practices or procedures 
that tend to enhance the opportunity for discrimination 
against the members of the protected class, such as 
unusually large election districts, majority vote 
requirements, anti-single shot provisions, or other 
qualifications, prerequisites, standards, practices, or 
procedures that may enhance the opportunity for 
discrimination against the members of the protected 
class.
``(D) If there is a candidate slating process, 
whether the members of the protected class have been 
denied access to that process.
``(E) The extent to which members of the protected 
class in the State or political subdivision bear the 
effects of discrimination, both public or private, in 
such areas as education, employment, health, housing, 
and transportation, which hinder their ability to 
participate effectively in the political process.
``(F) Whether political campaigns have been 
characterized by overt or subtle racial appeals.
``(G) The extent to which members of the protected 
class have been elected to public office in the 
jurisdiction.
``(3) In conducting a totality of the circumstances 
analysis under paragraph (2), a court may consider such other 
factors as the court may determine to be relevant, including--
``(A) whether there is a significant lack of 
responsiveness on the part of elected officials to the 
particularized needs of the members of the protected 
class, including a lack of concern for or 
responsiveness to the requests and proposals of the 
members of the protected class, except that compliance 
with a court order may not be considered evidence of 
responsiveness on the part of the jurisdiction; and
``(B) whether the policy underlying the State or 
political subdivision's use of such voting 
qualification, prerequisite to voting, or standard, 
practice or procedure is tenuous.
In making this determination, a court shall consider whether 
the qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or 
procedure in question was designed to advance and materially 
advances a valid and substantiated State interest.
``(4) A class of citizens protected by subsection (a) may 
include a cohesive coalition of members of different racial or 
language minority groups.''; and
(4) Vote denial or abridgement.--Section 2 of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 10301), as amended by subsections (a) and (b), is 
further amended by adding at the end the following:
``(c)(1) A violation of subsection (a) resulting in vote denial or 
abridgment is established if the challenged qualification, 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure--
``(A) results or will result in members of a protected 
class facing greater costs or burdens in participating in the 
political process than other voters; and
``(B) the greater costs or burdens are, at least in part, 
caused by or linked to social and historical conditions that 
have produced or produce on the date of such challenge 
discrimination against members of the protected class.
In determining the existence of a burden for purposes of 
subparagraph (A), the absolute number or the percent of voters 
affected or the presence of voters who are not members of a 
protected class in the affected area shall not be dispositive, 
and the affected area may be smaller than the jurisdiction to 
which the qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or 
procedure applies.
``(2) The challenged qualification, prerequisite, standard, 
practice, or procedure need only be a but-for cause of the 
discriminatory result described in paragraph (1) or perpetuate pre-
existing burdens or costs.
``(3)(A) The factors that are relevant to a totality of the 
circumstances analysis with respect to a claim of vote denial or 
abridgement pursuant to this subsection include the following:
``(i) The extent of any history of official voting-related 
discrimination in the State or political subdivision that 
affected the right of members of the protected class to 
register, to vote, or otherwise to participate in the political 
process.
``(ii) The extent to which voting in the elections of the 
State or political subdivision is racially polarized.
``(iii) The extent to which the State or political 
subdivision has used photographic voter identification 
requirements, documentary proof of citizenship requirements, 
documentary proof of residence requirements, or other voting 
practices or procedures, beyond those required by Federal law, 
that impair the ability of members of the minority group to 
participate fully in the political process.
``(iv) The extent to which minority group members bear the 
effects of discrimination, both public or private, in areas 
such as education, employment, health, housing, and 
transportation, which hinder their ability to participate 
effectively in the political process.
``(v) The use of overt or subtle racial appeals either in 
political campaigns or surrounding adoption or maintenance of 
the challenged practice.
``(vi) The extent to which members of the minority group 
have been elected to public office in the jurisdiction, 
provided that the fact that the minority group is too small to 
elect candidates of its choice shall not defeat a claim of vote 
denial or abridgment.
``(vii) Whether there is a lack of responsiveness on the 
part of elected officials to the particularized needs of 
minority group members, including a lack of concern for or 
responsiveness to the requests and proposals of the group, 
except that compliance with a court order may not be considered 
evidence of responsiveness on the part of the jurisdiction.
``(viii) Whether the policy underlying the State or 
political subdivision's use of the challenged qualification, 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure is tenuous. In 
making a determination under this clause, a court shall 
consider whether the qualification, prerequisite, standard, 
practice, or procedure in question was designed to advance and 
materially advances a valid and substantiated State interest.
``(ix) Subject to paragraph (4), such other factors as the 
court may determine to be relevant.
``(B) The factors described in subparagraph (A), individually and 
collectively, shall be considered as a means of establishing that a 
voting practice amplifies the effects of past or present discrimination 
in violation in subsection (a).
``(C) A plaintiff need not show any particular combination or 
number of factors to establish a violation of subsection (a).
``(4) The factors that are relevant to a totality of the 
circumstances analysis with respect to a claim of vote denial or 
abridgement do not include the following:
``(A) The degree to which the challenged qualification, 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure has a long 
pedigree or was in widespread use at some earlier date.
``(B) The use of an identical or similar qualification, 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure in other States 
or jurisdictions.
``(C) The availability of other forms of voting unimpacted 
by the challenged qualification, prerequisite, standard, 
practice, or procedure to all members of the electorate, 
including members of the protected class, unless the 
jurisdiction is simultaneously expanding such other practices 
to eliminate any disproportionate burden imposed by the 
challenged qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or 
procedure.
``(D) Unsubstantiated defenses that the qualification, 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure is necessary to 
address criminal activity.
``(d)(1) A violation of subsection (a) for the purpose of vote 
denial or abridgement is established if the challenged qualification, 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure is intended, at least in 
part, to dilute minority voting strength or to deny or abridge the 
right of any citizen of the United States to vote on account of race, 
color, or in contravention of the guarantees set forth in section 
4(f)(2).
``(2) Discrimination on account of race, color, or in contravention 
of the guarantees set forth in section 4(f)(2) need only be one purpose 
of a qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure to 
demonstrate a violation of subsection (a).
``(3) A qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or 
procedure intended to dilute minority voting strength or to make it 
more difficult for minority voters to cast a ballot that will be 
counted violates this subsection even if an additional purpose of the 
qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure is to 
benefit a particular political party or group.
``(4) The context for the adoption of the challenged qualification, 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure, including actions by 
official decisionmakers before the challenged qualification, 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure, may be relevant to a 
violation of this subsection.
``(5) Claims under this subsection require proof of a 
discriminatory impact but do not require proof of a violation pursuant 
to subsection (b) or (c).
``(e) For purposes of this section, the term `affected area' means 
any geographic area, in which members of a protected class are affected 
by a qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure 
allegedly in violation of this section, within a State (including any 
Indian lands).''.

SEC. 1103. RETROGRESSION.

Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et 
seq.), as amended by section 1102 of this subtitle, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following:
``(f) A violation of subsection (a) is established when a State or 
political subdivision enacts or seeks to administer any qualification 
or prerequisite to voting or standard, practice, or procedure with 
respect to voting in any election that has the purpose of or will have 
the effect of diminishing the ability of any citizens of the United 
States on account of race or color, or in contravention of the 
guarantees set forth in section 4(f)(2), to participate in the 
electoral process or elect their preferred candidates of choice. This 
subsection applies to any action taken on or after January 1, 2021, by 
a State or political subdivision to enact or seek to administer any 
such qualification or prerequisite to voting or standard, practice or 
procedure.
``(g) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (f), final 
decisions of the United States District Court of the District of 
Columbia on applications or petitions by States or political 
subdivisions for preclearance under section 5 of any changes in voting 
prerequisites, standards, practices, or procedures, supersede the 
provisions of subsection (f).''.

SEC. 1104. VIOLATIONS TRIGGERING AUTHORITY OF COURT TO RETAIN 
JURISDICTION.

(a) Types of Violations.--Section 3(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 
1965 (52 U.S.C. 10302(c)) is amended by striking ``violations of the 
fourteenth or fifteenth amendment'' and inserting ``violations of the 
14th or 15th Amendment, violations of this Act, or violations of any 
Federal law that prohibits discrimination in voting on the basis of 
race, color, or membership in a language minority group,''.
(b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 3(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 
10302(a)) is amended by striking ``violations of the fourteenth or 
fifteenth amendment'' and inserting ``violations of the 14th or 15th 
Amendment, violations of this Act, or violations of any Federal law 
that prohibits discrimination in voting on the basis of race, color, or 
membership in a language minority group,''.

SEC. 1105. CRITERIA FOR COVERAGE OF STATES AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS.

(a) Determination of States and Political Subdivisions Subject to 
Section 4(a).--
(1) In general.--Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 
1965 (52 U.S.C. 10303(b)) is amended to read as follows:
``(b) Determination of States and Political Subdivisions Subject to 
Requirements.--
``(1) Existence of voting rights violations during previous 
25 years.--
``(A) Statewide application.--Subsection (a) 
applies with respect to a State and all political 
subdivisions within the State during a calendar year 
if--
``(i) fifteen or more voting rights 
violations occurred in the State during the 
previous 25 calendar years;
``(ii) ten or more voting rights violations 
occurred in the State during the previous 25 
calendar years, at least one of which was 
committed by the State itself (as opposed to a 
political subdivision within the State); or
``(iii) three or more voting rights 
violations occurred in the State during the 
previous 25 calendar years and the State itself 
administers the elections in the State or 
political subdivisions in which the voting 
rights violations occurred.
``(B) Application to specific political 
subdivisions.--Subsection (a) applies with respect to a 
political subdivision as a separate unit during a 
calendar year if three or more voting rights violations 
occurred in the subdivision during the previous 25 
calendar years.
``(2) Period of application.--
``(A) In general.--Except as provided in 
subparagraph (B), if, pursuant to paragraph (1), 
subsection (a) applies with respect to a State or 
political subdivision during a calendar year, 
subsection (a) shall apply with respect to such State 
or political subdivision for the period--
``(i) that begins on January 1 of the year 
in which subsection (a) applies; and
``(ii) that ends on the date which is 10 
years after the date described in clause (i).
``(B) No further application after declaratory 
judgment.--
``(i) States.--If a State obtains a 
declaratory judgment under subsection (a), and 
the judgment remains in effect, subsection (a) 
shall no longer apply to such State pursuant to 
paragraph (1)(A) unless, after the issuance of 
the declaratory judgment, paragraph (1)(A) 
applies to the State solely on the basis of 
voting rights violations occurring after the 
issuance of the declaratory judgment.
``(ii) Political subdivisions.--If a 
political subdivision obtains a declaratory 
judgment under subsection (a), and the judgment 
remains in effect, subsection (a) shall no 
longer apply to such political subdivision 
pursuant to paragraph (1), including pursuant 
to paragraph (1)(A) (relating to the statewide 
application of subsection (a)), unless, after 
the issuance of the declaratory judgment, 
paragraph (1)(B) applies to the political 
subdivision solely on the basis of voting 
rights violations occurring after the issuance 
of the declaratory judgment.
``(3) Determination of voting rights violation.--For 
purposes of paragraph (1), a voting rights violation occurred 
in a State or political subdivision if any of the following 
applies:
``(A) Judicial relief; violation of the 14th or 
15th amendment.--Any final judgment, or any 
preliminary, temporary, or declaratory relief (that was 
not reversed on appeal), in which the plaintiff 
prevailed or a court of the United States found that 
the plaintiff demonstrated a likelihood of success on 
the merits or raised a serious question with regard to 
race discrimination, in which any court of the United 
States determined that a denial or abridgement of the 
right of any citizen of the United States to vote on 
account of race, color, or membership in a language 
minority group occurred, or that a voting qualification 
or prerequisite to voting or standard, practice, or 
procedure with respect to voting created an undue 
burden on the right to vote in connection with a claim 
that the law unduly burdened voters of a particular 
race, color, or language minority group, in violation 
of the 14th or 15th Amendment, anywhere within the 
State or subdivision.
``(B) Judicial relief; violations of this act.--Any 
final judgment, or any preliminary, temporary, or 
declaratory relief (that was not reversed on appeal) in 
which the plaintiff prevailed or a court of the United 
States found that the plaintiff demonstrated a 
likelihood of success on the merits or raised a serious 
question with regard to race discrimination, in which 
any court of the United States determined that a voting 
qualification or prerequisite to voting or standard, 
practice, or procedure with respect to voting was 
imposed or applied or would have been imposed or 
applied anywhere within the State or subdivision in a 
manner that resulted or would have resulted in a denial 
or abridgement of the right of any citizen of the 
United States to vote on account of race, color, or 
membership in a language minority group, in violation 
of subsection 4(e) or 4(f) or section 2, 201, or 203 of 
this Act.
``(C) Final judgment; denial of declaratory 
judgment.--In a final judgment (that was not been 
reversed on appeal), any court of the United States has 
denied the request of the State or subdivision for a 
declaratory judgment under section 3(c) or section 5, 
and thereby prevented a voting qualification or 
prerequisite to voting or standard, practice, or 
procedure with respect to voting from being enforced 
anywhere within the State or subdivision.
``(D) Objection by the attorney general.--The 
Attorney General has interposed an objection under 
section 3(c) or section 5, and thereby prevented a 
voting qualification or prerequisite to voting or 
standard, practice, or procedure with respect to voting 
from being enforced anywhere within the State or 
subdivision. A violation per this subsection has not 
occurred where an objection has been withdrawn by the 
Attorney General, unless the withdrawal was in response 
to a change in the law or practice that served as the 
basis of the objection. A violation under this 
subsection has not occurred where the objection is 
based solely on a State or political subdivision's 
failure to comply with a procedural process that would 
not otherwise constitute an independent violation of 
this Act.
``(E) Consent decree, settlement, or other 
agreement.--A consent decree, settlement, or other 
agreement was adopted or entered by a court of the 
United States or contained an admission of liability by 
the defendants, which resulted in the alteration or 
abandonment of a voting practice anywhere in the 
territory of such State or subdivision that was 
challenged on the ground that the practice denied or 
abridged the right of any citizen of the United States 
to vote on account of race, color, or membership in a 
language minority group in violation of subsection 4(e) 
or 4(f) or section 2, 201, or 203 of this Act, or the 
14th or 15th Amendment. An extension or modification of 
an agreement as defined by this subsection that has 
been in place for ten years or longer shall count as an 
independent violation. If a court of the United States 
finds that an agreement itself as defined by this 
subsection denied or abridged the right of any citizen 
of the United States to vote on account of race, color, 
or membership in a language minority group, violated 
subsection 4(e) or 4(f) or section 2, 201, or 203 of 
this Act, or created an undue burden on the right to 
vote in connection with a claim that the consent 
decree, settlement, or other agreement unduly burdened 
voters of a particular race, color, or language 
minority group, that finding shall count as an 
independent violation.
``(F) Multiple violations.--Each voting 
qualification or prerequisite to voting or standard, 
practice, or procedure with respect to voting, 
including each redistricting plan, found to be a 
violation by a court of the United States pursuant to 
subsection (a) or (b), or prevented from enforcement 
pursuant to subsection (c) or (d), or altered or 
abandoned pursuant to subsection (e) shall count as an 
independent violation. Within a redistricting plan, 
each violation found to discriminate against any group 
of voters based on race, color, or language minority 
group shall count as an independent violation.
``(4) Timing of determinations.--
``(A) Determinations of voting rights violations.--
As early as practicable during each calendar year, the 
Attorney General shall make the determinations required 
by this subsection, including updating the list of 
voting rights violations occurring in each State and 
political subdivision for the previous calendar year.
``(B) Effective upon publication in federal 
register.--A determination or certification of the 
Attorney General under this section or under section 8 
or 13 shall be effective upon publication in the 
Federal Register.''.
(2) Conforming amendments.--Section 4(a) of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 10303(a)) is amended--
(A) in paragraph (1), in the first sentence of the 
matter preceding subparagraph (A), by striking ``any 
State with respect to which'' and all that follows 
through ``unless'' and inserting ``any State to which 
this subsection applies during a calendar year pursuant 
to determinations made under subsection (b), or in any 
political subdivision of such State (as such 
subdivision existed on the date such determinations 
were made with respect to such State), though such 
determinations were not made with respect to such 
subdivision as a separate unit, or in any political 
subdivision with respect to which this subsection 
applies during a calendar year pursuant to 
determinations made with respect to such subdivision as 
a separate unit under subsection (b), unless'';
(B) in paragraph (1) in the matter preceding 
subparagraph (A), by striking the second sentence;
(C) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking ``(in the case 
of a State or subdivision seeking a declaratory 
judgment under the second sentence of this 
subsection)'';
(D) in paragraph (1)(B), by striking ``(in the case 
of a State or subdivision seeking a declaratory 
judgment under the second sentence of this 
subsection)'';
(E) in paragraph (3), by striking ``(in the case of 
a State or subdivision seeking a declaratory judgment 
under the second sentence of this subsection)'';
(F) in paragraph (5), by striking ``(in the case of 
a State or subdivision which sought a declaratory 
judgment under the second sentence of this 
subsection)'';
(G) by striking paragraphs (7) and (8); and
(H) by redesignating paragraph (9) as paragraph 
(7).
(b) Clarification of Treatment of Members of Language Minority 
Groups.--Section 4(a)(1) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 10303(a)(1)) is amended 
by striking ``race or color,'' and inserting ``race, color, or in 
contravention of the guarantees of subsection (f)(2),''.
(c) Administrative Bailout.--
(1) In general.--Section 4 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 
(52 U.S.C. 10303) is amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``(g) Administrative Bailout.--
``(1) Determination of eligibility.--
``(A) In general.--After making a determination 
under subsection (b)(1)(A) that the provisions of 
subsection (a) apply with respect to a State and all 
political subdivisions within the State, the Attorney 
General shall determine if any political subdivision of 
the State is eligible for an exemption under this 
subsection, and shall publish, in the Federal Register, 
a list of all such political subdivisions. Any 
political subdivision included on such list is not 
subject to any requirement under section 5 until the 
date on which any application under this section has 
been finally disposed of or no such application may be 
made.
``(B) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this 
subsection may be construed to provide--
``(i) that the determinations made pursuant 
to the creation of the list shall have any 
binding or preclusive effect; or
``(ii) that inclusion on the list--
``(I) constitutes a final 
determination by the Attorney General 
that the listee is eligible for an 
exemption pursuant to this subsection 
or that, in the case of the listee, the 
provisions of subparagraphs (A) through 
(F) of subsection (a)(1) are satisfied; 
or
``(II) entitles the listee to any 
exemption pursuant to this subsection.
``(2) Eligibility.--A political subdivision that submits an 
application under paragraph (3) shall be eligible for an 
exemption under this subsection only if, during the ten years 
preceding the filing of the application, and during the 
pendency of such application--
``(A) no test or device referred to in subsection 
(a)(1) has been used within such political subdivision 
for the purpose or with the effect of denying or 
abridging the right to vote on account of race or color 
or in contravention of the guarantees of subsection 
(f)(2);
``(B) no final judgment of any court of the United 
States, other than the denial of declaratory judgment 
under this section, has determined that denials or 
abridgements of the right to vote on account of race or 
color have occurred anywhere in the territory of such 
political subdivision or that denials or abridgements 
of the right to vote in contravention of the guarantees 
of subsection (f)(2) have occurred anywhere in the 
territory of such subdivision and no consent decree, 
settlement, or agreement has been entered into 
resulting in any abandonment of a voting practice 
challenged on such grounds; and no declaratory judgment 
under this section shall be entered during the pendency 
of an action commenced before the filing of an action 
under this section and alleging such denials or 
abridgements of the right to vote;
``(C) no Federal examiners or observers under this 
Act have been assigned to such political subdivision;
``(D) such political subdivision and all 
governmental units within its territory have complied 
with section 5 of this Act, including compliance with 
the requirement that no change covered by section 5 has 
been enforced without preclearance under section 5, and 
have repealed all changes covered by section 5 to which 
the Attorney General has successfully objected or as to 
which the United States District Court for the District 
of Columbia has denied a declaratory judgment;
``(E) the Attorney General has not interposed any 
objection (that has not been overturned by a final 
judgment of a court) and no declaratory judgment has 
been denied under section 5, with respect to any 
submission by or on behalf of the plaintiff or any 
governmental unit within its territory under section 5, 
and no such submissions or declaratory judgment actions 
are pending; and
``(F) such political subdivision and all 
governmental units within its territory--
``(i) have eliminated voting procedures and 
methods of election which inhibit or dilute 
equal access to the electoral process;
``(ii) have engaged in constructive efforts 
to eliminate intimidation and harassment of 
persons exercising rights protected under this 
Act; and
``(iii) have engaged in other constructive 
efforts, such as expanded opportunity for 
convenient registration and voting for every 
person of voting age and the appointment of 
minority persons as election officials 
throughout the jurisdiction and at all stages 
of the election and registration process.
``(3) Application period.--Not later than 90 days after the 
publication of the list under paragraph (1), a political 
subdivision included on such list may submit an application, 
containing such information as the Attorney General may 
require, for an exemption under this subsection. The Attorney 
General shall provide notice in the Federal Register of such 
application.
``(4) Comment period.--During the 90-day period beginning 
on the date that notice is published under paragraph (3), the 
Attorney General shall give interested persons an opportunity 
to submit objections to the issuance of an exemption under this 
subsection to a political subdivision on the basis that the 
political subdivision is not eligible under paragraph (2) to 
the Attorney General. During the 1-year period beginning on the 
effective date of this subsection, such 90-day period shall be 
extended by an additional 30 days. The Attorney General shall 
notify the political subdivision of each objection submitted 
and afford the political subdivision an opportunity to respond.
``(5) Determination as to objections.--In the case of a 
political subdivision with respect to which an objection has 
been submitted under paragraph (4), the following shall apply:
``(A) Consideration of objections.--The Attorney 
General shall consider and respond to each such 
objection (and any response of the political 
subdivision thereto) during the 60-day period beginning 
on the day after the comment period under paragraph (4) 
concludes.
``(B) Justified objections.--If the Attorney 
General determines that any such objection is 
justified, the Attorney General shall publish notice in 
the Federal Register denying the application for an 
exemption under this subsection.
``(C) Unjustified objections.--If the Attorney 
General determines that no objection submitted is 
justified, each person that submitted such an objection 
may, not later than 90 days after the end of the period 
established under subparagraph (A), file, in the 
District Court of the District of Columbia, an action 
for judicial review of such determination in accordance 
with chapter 7 of title 5, United States Code.
``(6) Exemption.--The Attorney General may issue an 
exemption, by publication in the Federal Register, from the 
application of the provisions of subsection (a) with respect to 
a political subdivision that--
``(A) is eligible under paragraph (2); and
``(B) with respect to which no objection under was 
submitted under paragraph (4) or determined to be 
justified under paragraph (5).
``(7) Judicial review.--Except as otherwise explicitly 
provided in this subsection, no determination under this 
subsection shall be subject to review by any court, and all 
determinations under this subsection are committed to the 
discretion of the Attorney General.
``(8) Savings clause.--If a political subdivision was not 
subject to the application of the provisions of subsection (a) 
by reason of a declaratory judgment entered prior to the 
effective date of this subsection, and such political 
subdivision has not violated any eligibility requirement set 
forth in paragraph (2) at any time thereafter, then that 
political subdivision shall not be subject to the requirements 
of subsection (a).''.
(2) Conforming amendment.--
(A) In general.--Section 4(a)(1) of the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10303(a)(1)), as amended 
by this subtitle, is further amended by inserting after 
``the United States District Court for the District of 
Columbia issues a declaratory judgment under this 
section'' the following: ``, or, in the case of a 
political subdivision, the Attorney General issues an 
exemption under subsection (g)''.
(B) Expiration of time limit.--On the date that is 
1 year after the effective date of this subsection, 
section 4(g)(3) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 
U.S.C. 10303(g)(3)) is amended by striking ``During the 
1 year period beginning on the effective date of this 
subsection, such 90-day period shall be extended by an 
additional 30 days.''. For purposes of any periods 
under such section commenced as of such date, the 90-
day period shall remain extended by an additional 30 
days.

SEC. 1106. DETERMINATION OF STATES AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS SUBJECT 
TO PRECLEARANCE FOR COVERED PRACTICES.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.) is further 
amended by inserting after section 4 the following:

``SEC. 4A. DETERMINATION OF STATES AND POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS SUBJECT 
TO PRECLEARANCE FOR COVERED PRACTICES.

``(a) Practice-Based Preclearance.--
``(1) In general.--Each State and each political 
subdivision shall--
``(A) identify any newly enacted or adopted law, 
regulation, or policy that includes a voting 
qualification or prerequisite to voting, or a standard, 
practice, or procedure with respect to voting, that is 
a covered practice described in subsection (b); and
``(B) ensure that no such covered practice is 
implemented unless or until the State or political 
subdivision, as the case may be, complies with 
subsection (c).
``(2) Determinations of characteristics of voting-age 
population.--
``(A) In general.--As early as practicable during 
each calendar year, the Attorney General, in 
consultation with the Director of the Bureau of the 
Census and the heads of other relevant offices of the 
government, shall make the determinations required by 
this section regarding voting-age populations and the 
characteristics of such populations, and shall publish 
a list of the States and political subdivisions to 
which a voting-age population characteristic described 
in subsection (b) applies.
``(B) Publication in the federal register.--A 
determination or certification of the Attorney General 
under this paragraph shall be effective upon 
publication in the Federal Register.
``(b) Covered Practices.--To ensure that the right of citizens of 
the United States to vote is not denied or abridged on account of race, 
color, or membership in a language minority group as a result of the 
implementation of certain qualifications or prerequisites to voting, or 
standards, practices, or procedures with respect to voting newly 
adopted in a State or political subdivision, the following shall be 
covered practices subject to the requirements described in subsection 
(a):
``(1) Changes to method of election.--Any change to the 
method of election--
``(A) to add seats elected at-large in a State or 
political subdivision where--
``(i) two or more racial groups or language 
minority groups each represent 20 percent or 
more of the political subdivision's voting-age 
population; or
``(ii) a single language minority group 
represents 20 percent or more of the voting-age 
population on Indian lands located in whole or 
in part in the political subdivision; or
``(B) to convert one or more seats elected from a 
single-member district to one or more at-large seats or 
seats from a multi-member district in a State or 
political subdivision where--
``(i) two or more racial groups or language 
minority groups each represent 20 percent or 
more of the political subdivision's voting-age 
population; or
``(ii) a single language minority group 
represents 20 percent or more of the voting-age 
population on Indian lands located in whole or 
in part in the political subdivision.
``(2) Changes to jurisdiction boundaries.--Any change or 
series of changes within a year to the boundaries of a 
jurisdiction that reduces by 3 or more percentage points the 
proportion of the jurisdiction's voting-age population that is 
comprised of members of a single racial group or language 
minority group in a State or political subdivision where--
``(A) two or more racial groups or language 
minority groups each represent 20 percent or more of 
the political subdivision's voting-age population; or
``(B) a single language minority group represents 
20 percent or more of the voting-age population on 
Indian lands located in whole or in part in the 
political subdivision.
``(3) Changes through redistricting.--Any change to the 
boundaries of election districts in a State or political 
subdivision where any racial group or language minority group 
that is not the largest racial group or language minority group 
in the jurisdiction and that represents 15 percent or more of 
the State or political subdivision's voting-age population 
experiences a population increase of at least 20 percent of its 
voting-age population, over the preceding decade (as calculated 
by the Bureau of the Census under the most recent decennial 
census), in the jurisdiction.
``(4) Changes in documentation or qualifications to vote.--
Any change to requirements for documentation or proof of 
identity to vote or register to vote that will exceed or be 
more stringent than such requirements under State law on the 
day before the date of enactment of the John R. Lewis Voting 
Rights Advancement Act of 2025; and further, if a State has in 
effect a requirement that an individual present identification 
as a condition of receiving and casting a ballot in an election 
for Federal office, if the State does not permit the individual 
to meet the requirement and cast a ballot in the election in 
the same manner as an individual who presents identification--
``(A) in the case of an individual who desires to 
vote in person, by presenting the appropriate State or 
local election official with a sworn written statement, 
signed by the individual under penalty of perjury, 
attesting to the individual's identity and attesting 
that the individual is eligible to vote in the 
election; and
``(B) in the case of an individual who desires to 
vote by mail, by submitting with the ballot the 
statement described in subparagraph (A).
``(5) Changes to multilingual voting materials.--Any change 
that reduces multilingual voting materials or alters the manner 
in which such materials are provided or distributed, where no 
similar reduction or alteration occurs in materials provided in 
English for such election.
``(6) Changes that reduce, consolidate, or relocate voting 
locations, or reduce voting opportunities.--Any change that 
reduces, consolidates, or relocates voting locations, including 
early, absentee, and election-day voting locations, or reduces 
days or hours of in-person voting on any Sunday during a period 
occurring prior to the date of an election during which voters 
may cast ballots in such election, or prohibits the provision 
of food or non-alcoholic drink to persons waiting to vote in an 
election except where the provision would violate prohibitions 
on expenditures to influence voting--
``(A) in one or more census tracts wherein two or 
more language minority groups or racial groups each 
represent 20 percent or more of the voting-age 
population of the political subdivision; or
``(B) on Indian lands wherein at least 20 percent 
of the voting-age population belongs to a single 
language minority group.
``(7) New list maintenance process.--Any change to the 
maintenance of voter registration lists that adds a new basis 
for removal from the list of active registered voters or that 
incorporates new sources of information in determining a 
voter's eligibility to vote, wherein such a change would have a 
statistically significant disparate impact on the removal from 
voter rolls of members of racial groups or language minority 
groups that constitute greater than 5 percent of the voting-age 
population--
``(A) in the case of a political subdivision 
imposing such change if--
``(i) two or more racial groups or language 
minority groups each represent 20 percent or 
more of the voting-age population of the 
political subdivision; or
``(ii) a single language minority group 
represents 20 percent or more of the voting-age 
population on Indian lands located in whole or 
in part in the political subdivision; or
``(B) in the case of a State imposing such change, 
if two or more racial groups or language minority 
groups each represent 20 percent or more of the voting-
age population of--
``(i) the State; or
``(ii) a political subdivision in the 
State, except that the requirements under 
subsections (a) and (c) shall apply only with 
respect to each such political subdivision.
``(c) Preclearance.--
``(1) In general.--Whenever a State or political 
subdivision with respect to which the requirements set forth in 
subsection (a) are in effect shall enact, adopt, or seek to 
implement any covered practice described under subsection (b), 
such State or subdivision may institute an action in the United 
States District Court for the District of Columbia for a 
declaratory judgment that such covered practice neither has the 
purpose nor will have the effect of denying or abridging the 
right to vote on account of race, color, or membership in a 
language minority group, and unless and until the court enters 
such judgment such covered practice shall not be implemented. 
Notwithstanding the previous sentence, such covered practice 
may be implemented without such proceeding if the covered 
practice has been submitted by the chief legal officer or other 
appropriate official of such State or subdivision to the 
Attorney General and the Attorney General has not interposed an 
objection within 60 days after such submission, or upon good 
cause shown, to facilitate an expedited approval within 60 days 
after such submission, the Attorney General has affirmatively 
indicated that such objection will not be made. Neither an 
affirmative indication by the Attorney General that no 
objection will be made, nor the Attorney General's failure to 
object, nor a declaratory judgment entered under this section 
shall bar a subsequent action to enjoin implementation of such 
covered practice. In the event the Attorney General 
affirmatively indicates that no objection will be made within 
the 60-day period following receipt of a submission, the 
Attorney General may reserve the right to reexamine the 
submission if additional information comes to the Attorney 
General's attention during the remainder of the 60-day period 
which would otherwise require objection in accordance with this 
section. Any action under this section shall be heard and 
determined by a court of three judges in accordance with the 
provisions of section 2284 of title 28, United States Code, and 
any appeal shall lie to the Supreme Court.
``(2) Denying or abridging the right to vote.--Any covered 
practice described in subsection (b) that has the purpose of or 
will have the effect of diminishing the ability of any citizens 
of the United States on account of race, color, or membership 
in a language minority group, to elect their preferred 
candidates of choice denies or abridges the right to vote 
within the meaning of paragraph (1) of this subsection.
``(3) Purpose defined.--The term `purpose' in paragraphs 
(1) and (2) of this subsection shall include any discriminatory 
purpose.
``(4) Purpose of paragraph (2).--The purpose of paragraph 
(2) of this subsection is to protect the ability of such 
citizens to elect their preferred candidates of choice.
``(d) Enforcement.--The Attorney General or any aggrieved citizen 
may file an action in a Federal district court to compel any State or 
political subdivision to satisfy the obligations set forth in this 
section. Such actions shall be heard and determined by a court of three 
judges under section 2284 of title 28, United States Code. In any such 
action, the court shall provide as a remedy that any voting 
qualification or prerequisite to voting, or standard, practice, or 
procedure with respect to voting, that is the subject of the action 
under this subsection be enjoined unless the court determines that--
``(1) the voting qualification or prerequisite to voting, 
or standard, practice, or procedure with respect to voting, is 
not a covered practice described in subsection (b); or
``(2) the State or political subdivision has complied with 
subsection (c) with respect to the covered practice at issue.
``(e) Counting of Racial Groups and Language Minority Groups.--For 
purposes of this section, the calculation of the population of a racial 
group or a language minority group shall be carried out using the 
methodology in the guidance promulgated in the Federal Register on 
February 9, 2011 (76 Fed. Reg. 7470).
``(f) Special Rule.--For purposes of determinations under this 
section, any data provided by the Bureau of the Census, whether based 
on estimation from sample or actual enumeration, shall not be subject 
to challenge or review in any court.
``(g) Multilingual Voting Materials.--In this section, the term 
`multilingual voting materials' means registration or voting notices, 
forms, instructions, assistance, or other materials or information 
relating to the electoral process, including ballots, provided in the 
language or languages of one or more language minority groups.''.

SEC. 1107. PROMOTING TRANSPARENCY TO ENFORCE THE VOTING RIGHTS ACT.

(a) Transparency.--
(1) In general.--The Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 
10301 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 5 the 
following new section:

``SEC. 6. TRANSPARENCY REGARDING CHANGES TO PROTECT VOTING RIGHTS.

``(a) Notice of Enacted Changes.--
``(1) Notice of changes.--If a State or political 
subdivision makes any change in any qualification or 
prerequisite to voting or standard, practice, or procedure with 
respect to voting in any election for Federal office that will 
result in the qualification or prerequisite, standard, 
practice, or procedure being different from that which was in 
effect as of 180 days before the date of the election for 
Federal office, the State or political subdivision shall 
provide reasonable public notice in such State or political 
subdivision and on the website of the State or political 
subdivision, of a concise description of the change, including 
the difference between the changed qualification or 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure and the 
prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure which was 
previously in effect. The public notice described in this 
paragraph, in such State or political subdivision and on the 
website of a State or political subdivision, shall be in a 
format that is reasonably convenient and accessible to persons 
with disabilities who are eligible to vote, including persons 
who have low vision or are blind.
``(2) Deadline for notice.--A State or political 
subdivision shall provide the public notice required under 
paragraph (1) not later than 48 hours after making the change 
involved.
``(b) Transparency Regarding Polling Place Resources.--
``(1) In general.--In order to identify any changes that 
may impact the right to vote of any person, prior to the 30th 
day before the date of an election for Federal office, each 
State or political subdivision with responsibility for 
allocating registered voters, voting machines, and official 
poll workers to particular precincts and polling places shall 
provide reasonable public notice in such State or political 
subdivision and on the website of a State or political 
subdivision, of the information described in paragraph (2) for 
precincts and polling places within such State or political 
subdivision. The public notice described in this paragraph, in 
such State or political subdivision and on the website of a 
State or political subdivision, shall be in a format that is 
reasonably convenient and accessible to persons with 
disabilities who are eligible to vote, including persons who 
have low vision or are blind.
``(2) Information described.--The information described in 
this paragraph with respect to a precinct or polling place is 
each of the following:
``(A) The name or number.
``(B) In the case of a polling place, the location, 
including the street address, and whether such polling 
place is accessible to persons with disabilities.
``(C) The voting-age population of the area served 
by the precinct or polling place, broken down by 
demographic group if such breakdown is reasonably 
available to such State or political subdivision.
``(D) The number of registered voters assigned to 
the precinct or polling place, broken down by 
demographic group if such breakdown is reasonably 
available to such State or political subdivision.
``(E) The number of voting machines assigned, 
including the number of voting machines accessible to 
persons with disabilities who are eligible to vote, 
including persons who have low vision or are blind.
``(F) The number of official paid poll workers 
assigned.
``(G) The number of official volunteer poll workers 
assigned.
``(H) In the case of a polling place, the dates and 
hours of operation.
``(3) Updates in information reported.--If a State or 
political subdivision makes any change in any of the 
information described in paragraph (2), the State or political 
subdivision shall provide reasonable public notice in such 
State or political subdivision and on the website of a State or 
political subdivision, of the change in the information not 
later than 48 hours after the change occurs or, if the change 
occurs fewer than 48 hours before the date of the election for 
Federal office, as soon as practicable after the change occurs. 
The public notice described in this paragraph and published on 
the website of a State or political subdivision shall be in a 
format that is reasonably convenient and accessible to persons 
with disabilities who are eligible to vote, including persons 
who have low vision or are blind.
``(c) Transparency of Changes Relating to Demographics and 
Electoral Districts.--
``(1) Requiring public notice of changes.--Not later than 
10 days after making any change in the constituency that will 
participate in an election for Federal, State, or local office 
or the boundaries of a voting unit or electoral district in an 
election for Federal, State, or local office (including through 
redistricting, reapportionment, changing from at-large 
elections to district-based elections, or changing from 
district-based elections to at-large elections), a State or 
political subdivision shall provide reasonable public notice in 
such State or political subdivision and on the website of a 
State or political subdivision, of the demographic and 
electoral data described in paragraph (3) for each of the 
geographic areas described in paragraph (2).
``(2) Geographic areas described.--The geographic areas 
described in this paragraph are as follows:
``(A) The State as a whole, if the change applies 
statewide, or the political subdivision as a whole, if 
the change applies across the entire political 
subdivision.
``(B) If the change includes a plan to replace or 
eliminate voting units or electoral districts, each 
voting unit or electoral district that will be replaced 
or eliminated.
``(C) If the change includes a plan to establish 
new voting units or electoral districts, each such new 
voting unit or electoral district.
``(3) Demographic and electoral data.--The demographic and 
electoral data described in this paragraph with respect to a 
geographic area described in paragraph (2) are each of the 
following:
``(A) The voting-age population, broken down by 
demographic group.
``(B) If it is reasonably available to the State or 
political subdivision involved, an estimate of the 
population of the area which consists of citizens of 
the United States who are 18 years of age or older, 
broken down by demographic group.
``(C) The number of registered voters, broken down 
by demographic group if such breakdown is reasonably 
available to the State or political subdivision 
involved.
``(D)(i) If the change applies to a State, the 
actual number of votes, or (if it is not reasonably 
practicable for the State to ascertain the actual 
number of votes) the estimated number of votes received 
by each candidate in each statewide election held 
during the 5-year period which ends on the date the 
change involved is made; and
``(ii) if the change applies to only one political 
subdivision, the actual number of votes, or (if it is 
not reasonably practicable for the political 
subdivision to ascertain the actual number of votes) in 
each subdivision-wide election held during the 5-year 
period which ends on the date the change involved is 
made.
``(4) Voluntary compliance by smaller jurisdictions.--
Compliance with this subsection shall be voluntary for a 
political subdivision of a State unless the subdivision is one 
of the following:
``(A) A county or parish.
``(B) A municipality with a population greater than 
10,000, as determined by the Bureau of the Census under 
the most recent decennial census.
``(C) A school district with a population greater 
than 10,000, as determined by the Bureau of the Census 
under the most recent decennial census. For purposes of 
this subparagraph, the term `school district' means the 
geographic area under the jurisdiction of a local 
educational agency (as defined in section 9101 of the 
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965).
``(d) Rules Regarding Format of Information.--The Attorney General 
may issue rules specifying a reasonably convenient and accessible 
format that States and political subdivisions shall use to provide 
public notice of information under this section.
``(e) No Denial of Right To Vote.--The right to vote of any person 
shall not be denied or abridged because the person failed to comply 
with any change made by a State or political subdivision to a voting 
qualification, prerequisite, standard, practice, or procedure if the 
State or political subdivision involved did not meet the applicable 
requirements of this section with respect to the change.
``(f) Definitions.--In this section--
``(1) the term `demographic group' means each group which 
section 2 protects from the denial or abridgement of the right 
to vote on account of race or color, or in contravention of the 
guarantees set forth in section 4(f)(2);
``(2) the term `election for Federal office' means any 
general, special, primary, or runoff election held solely or in 
part for the purpose of electing any candidate for the office 
of President, Vice President, Presidential elector, Senator, 
Member of the House of Representatives, or Delegate or Resident 
Commissioner to the Congress; and
``(3) the term `persons with disabilities', means 
individuals with a disability, as defined in section 3 of the 
Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.''.
(2) Conforming amendment.--Section 3(a) of such Act (52 
U.S.C. 10302(a)) is amended by striking ``in accordance with 
section 6''.
(b) Effective Date.--The amendment made by subsection (a)(1) shall 
apply with respect to changes which are made on or after the expiration 
of the 60-day period which begins on the date of the enactment of this 
Act.

SEC. 1108. AUTHORITY TO ASSIGN OBSERVERS.

(a) Clarification of Authority in Political Subdivisions Subject to 
Preclearance.--Section 8(a)(2)(B) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 
U.S.C. 10305(a)(2)(B)) is amended to read as follows:
``(B) in the Attorney General's judgment, the 
assignment of observers is otherwise necessary to 
enforce the guarantees of the 14th or 15th Amendment or 
any provision of this Act or any other Federal law 
protecting the right of citizens of the United States 
to vote; or''.
(b) Assignment of Observers To Enforce Bilingual Election 
Requirements.--Section 8(a) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 10305(a)) is 
amended--
(1) by striking ``or'' at the end of paragraph (1);
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following:
``(3) the Attorney General certifies with respect to a 
political subdivision that--
``(A) the Attorney General has received written 
meritorious complaints from residents, elected 
officials, or civic participation organizations that 
efforts to violate section 203 are likely to occur; or
``(B) in the Attorney General's judgment, the 
assignment of observers is necessary to enforce the 
guarantees of section 203;''; and
(3) by moving the margin for the continuation text 
following paragraph (3), as added by paragraph (2) of this 
subsection, 2 ems to the left.
(c) Transferral of Authority Over Observers to the Attorney 
General.--
(1) Enforcement proceedings.--Section 3(a) of the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10302(a)) is amended by striking 
``United States Civil Service Commission in accordance with 
section 6'' and inserting ``Attorney General in accordance with 
section 8''.
(2) Observers; appointment and compensation.--Section 8 of 
the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10305) is amended--
(A) in subsection (a)(2), in the matter following 
subparagraph (B), by striking ``Director of the Office 
of Personnel Management shall assign as many observers 
for such subdivision as the Director'' and inserting 
``Attorney General shall assign as many observers for 
such subdivision as the Attorney General''; and
(B) in subsection (c), by striking ``Director of 
the Office of Personnel Management'' and inserting 
``Attorney General''.
(3) Termination of certain appointments of observers.--
Section 13(a)(1) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 
10309(a)(1)) is amended by striking ``notifies the Director of 
the Office of Personnel Management,'' and inserting 
``determines,''.

SEC. 1109. CLARIFICATION OF AUTHORITY TO SEEK RELIEF.

(a) Poll Tax.--Section 10(b) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 
U.S.C. 10306(b)) is amended by striking ``the Attorney General is 
authorized and directed to institute forthwith in the name of the 
United States such actions'' and inserting ``an aggrieved person or (in 
the name of the United States) the Attorney General may institute such 
actions''.
(b) Cause of Action.--Section 12(d) of the Voting Rights Act of 
1965 (52 U.S.C. 10308(d)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``Whenever any person has engaged'' and all 
that follows through ``in the name of the United States'' and 
inserting ``(1) Whenever there are reasonable grounds to 
believe that any person has implemented or will implement any 
voting qualification or prerequisite to voting or standard, 
practice, or procedure that would (A) deny any citizen the 
right to vote in violation of the 14th, 15th, 19th, 24th, or 
26th Amendments, or (B) would violate this Act (except for 
section 4A) or any other Federal law that prohibits 
discrimination on the basis of race, color, or membership in a 
language minority group in the voting process, an aggrieved 
person or (in the name of the United States) the Attorney 
General may institute''; and
(2) by striking ``, and including an order directed to the 
State and State or local election officials to require them (1) 
to permit persons listed under chapters 103 to 107 of this 
title to vote and (2) to count such votes''.
(c) Judicial Relief.--Section 204 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 
(52 U.S.C. 10504) is amended by striking ``Whenever the Attorney 
General has reason to believe'' and all that follows through ``as he 
deems appropriate'' and inserting ``Whenever there are reasonable 
grounds to believe that a State or political subdivision has engaged or 
is about to engage in any act or practice prohibited by a provision of 
title II, an aggrieved person or (in the name of the United States) the 
Attorney General may institute an action in a district court of the 
United States, for a restraining order, a preliminary or permanent 
injunction, or such other order as may be appropriate''.
(d) Enforcement of Twenty-Sixth Amendment.--Section 301(a)(1) of 
the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10701) is amended by striking 
``The Attorney General is directed to institute'' and all that follows 
through ``Constitution of the United States'' and inserting ``An 
aggrieved person or (in the name of the United States) the Attorney 
General may institute an action in a district court of the United 
States, for a restraining order, a preliminary or permanent injunction, 
or such other order as may be appropriate to implement the twenty-sixth 
amendment to the Constitution of the United States''.

SEC. 1110. PREVENTIVE RELIEF.

Section 12(d) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 
10308(d)), as amended by section 1109, is further amended by adding at 
the end the following:
``(2)(A) In considering any motion for preliminary relief in any 
action for preventive relief described in this subsection, the court 
shall grant the relief if the court determines that the complainant has 
raised a serious question as to whether the challenged voting 
qualification or prerequisite to voting or standard, practice, or 
procedure violates this Act or the Constitution and, on balance, the 
hardship imposed on the defendant by the grant of the relief will be 
less than the hardship which would be imposed on the plaintiff if the 
relief were not granted.
``(B) In making its determination under this paragraph with respect 
to a change in any voting qualification, prerequisite to voting, or 
standard, practice, or procedure with respect to voting, the court 
shall consider all relevant factors and give due weight to the 
following factors, if they are present:
``(i) Whether the qualification, prerequisite, standard, 
practice, or procedure in effect prior to the change was 
adopted as a remedy for a Federal court judgment, consent 
decree, or admission regarding--
``(I) discrimination on the basis of race or color 
in violation of the 14th or 15th Amendment;
``(II) a violation of the 19th, 24th, or 26th 
Amendments;
``(III) a violation of this Act; or
``(IV) voting discrimination on the basis of race, 
color, or membership in a language minority group in 
violation of any other Federal or State law.
``(ii) Whether the qualification, prerequisite, standard, 
practice, or procedure in effect prior to the change served as 
a ground for the dismissal or settlement of a claim alleging--
``(I) discrimination on the basis of race or color 
in violation of the 14th or 15th Amendment;
``(II) a violation of the 19th, 24th, or 26th 
Amendment;
``(III) a violation of this Act; or
``(IV) voting discrimination on the basis of race, 
color, or membership in a language minority group in 
violation of any other Federal or State law.
``(iii) Whether the change was adopted fewer than 180 days 
before the date of the election with respect to which the 
change is to take or takes effect.
``(iv) Whether the defendant has failed to provide timely 
or complete notice of the adoption of the change as required by 
applicable Federal or State law.
``(3) A jurisdiction's inability to enforce its voting or election 
laws, regulations, policies, or redistricting plans, standing alone, 
shall not be deemed to constitute irreparable harm to the public 
interest or to the interests of a defendant in an action arising under 
the Constitution or any Federal law that prohibits discrimination on 
the basis of race, color, or membership in a language minority group in 
the voting process, for the purposes of determining whether a stay of a 
court's order or an interlocutory appeal under section 1253 of title 
28, United States Code, is warranted.''.

SEC. 1111. RELIEF FOR VIOLATIONS OF VOTING RIGHTS LAWS.

(a) In General.--
(1) Relief for violations of voting rights laws.--In this 
section, the term ``prohibited act or practice'' means--
(A) any act or practice--
(i) that creates an undue burden on the 
fundamental right to vote in violation of the 
14th Amendment to the Constitution of the 
United States or violates the Equal Protection 
Clause of the 14th Amendment to the 
Constitution of the United States; or
(ii) that is prohibited by the 15th, 19th, 
24th, or 26th Amendment to the Constitution of 
the United States, section 2004 of the Revised 
Statutes (52 U.S.C. 10101), the Voting Rights 
Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301 et seq.), the 
National Voter Registration Act of 1993 (52 
U.S.C. 20501 et seq.), the Uniformed and 
Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (52 
U.S.C. 20301 et seq.), the Help America Vote 
Act of 2002 (52 U.S.C. 20901 et seq.), the 
Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and 
Handicapped Act (52 U.S.C. 20101 et seq.), or 
section 2003 of the Revised Statutes (52 U.S.C. 
10102); and
(B) any act or practice in violation of any Federal 
law that prohibits discrimination with respect to 
voting, including the Americans with Disabilities Act 
of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.).
(2) Rule of construction.--Nothing in this section shall be 
construed to diminish the authority or scope of authority of 
any person to bring an action under any Federal law.
(3) Attorney's fees.--Section 722(b) of the Revised 
Statutes (42 U.S.C. 1988(b)) is amended by inserting ``a 
provision described in section 2(a) of the John R. Lewis Voting 
Rights Advancement Act of 2025,'' after ``title VI of the Civil 
Rights Act of 1964,''.
(b) Grounds for Equitable Relief.--In any action for equitable 
relief pursuant to a law listed under subsection (a), proximity of the 
action to an election shall not be a valid reason to deny such relief, 
or stay the operation of or vacate the issuance of such relief, unless 
the party opposing the issuance or continued operation of relief meets 
the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that the 
issuance of the relief would be so close in time to the election as to 
cause irreparable harm to the public interest or that compliance with 
such relief would impose serious burdens on the party opposing relief.
(1) In general.--In considering whether to grant, deny, 
stay, or vacate any order of equitable relief, the court shall 
give substantial weight to the public's interest in expanding 
access to the right to vote. A State's generalized interest in 
enforcing its enacted laws shall not be a relevant 
consideration in determining whether equitable relief is 
warranted.
(2) Presumptive safe harbor.--Where equitable relief is 
sought either within 30 days of the adoption or reasonable 
public notice of the challenged policy or practice, or more 
than 45 days before the date of an election to which the relief 
being sought will apply, proximity to the election will be 
presumed not to constitute a harm to the public interest or a 
burden on the party opposing relief.
(c) Grounds for Stay or Vacatur in Federal Claims Involving Voting 
Rights.--
(1) Prospective effect.--In reviewing an application for a 
stay or vacatur of equitable relief granted pursuant to a law 
listed in subsection (a), a court shall give substantial weight 
to the reliance interests of citizens who acted pursuant to 
such order under review. In fashioning a stay or vacatur, a 
reviewing court shall not order relief that has the effect of 
denying or abridging the right to vote of any citizen who has 
acted in reliance on the order.
(2) Written explanation.--No stay or vacatur under this 
subsection shall issue unless the reviewing court makes 
specific findings that the public interest, including the 
public's interest in expanding access to the ballot, will be 
harmed by the continuing operation of the equitable relief or 
that compliance with such relief will impose serious burdens on 
the party seeking such a stay or vacatur such that those 
burdens substantially outweigh the benefits to the public 
interest. In reviewing an application for a stay or vacatur of 
equitable relief, findings of fact made in issuing the order 
under review shall not be set aside unless clearly erroneous.

SEC. 1112. ENFORCEMENT OF VOTING RIGHTS BY ATTORNEY GENERAL.

Section 12 of the Voting Rights Act (52 U.S.C. 10308), as amended 
by this subtitle, is further amended by adding at the end the 
following:
``(g) Voting Rights Enforcement by Attorney General.--
``(1) In general.--In order to fulfill the Attorney 
General's responsibility to enforce the Voting Rights Act and 
other Federal civil rights statutes that protect the right to 
vote, the Attorney General (or upon designation by the Attorney 
General, the Assistant Attorney General for Civil Rights) is 
authorized, before commencing a civil action, to issue a demand 
for inspection and information in writing to any State or 
political subdivision, or other governmental representative or 
agent, with respect to any relevant documentary material that 
he has reason to believe is within their possession, custody, 
or control. A demand by the Attorney General under this section 
may require--
``(A) the production of such documentary material 
for inspection and copying;
``(B) answers in writing to written questions with 
respect to such documentary material; or
``(C) both.
``(2) Contents of an attorney general demand.--
``(A) In general.--Any demand issued under 
paragraph (1), shall include a sworn certificate to 
identify the voting qualification or prerequisite to 
voting or standard, practice, or procedure with respect 
to voting, or other voting related matter or issue, 
whose lawfulness the Attorney General is investigating 
and to identify the civil provisions of the Federal 
civil rights statute that protects the right to vote 
under which the investigation is being conducted. The 
demand shall be reasonably calculated to lead to the 
discovery of documentary material and information 
relevant to such civil rights investigation. 
Documentary material includes any material upon which 
relevant information is recorded, and includes written 
or printed materials, photographs, tapes, or materials 
upon which information is electronically or 
magnetically recorded. Such demands are aimed at the 
Attorney General having the ability to inspect and 
obtain copies of relevant materials (as well as obtain 
information) related to voting and are not aimed at the 
Attorney General taking possession of original records, 
particularly those that are required to be retained by 
State and local election officials under Federal or 
State law.
``(B) No requirement for production.--Any demand 
issued under paragraph (1) may not require the 
production of any documentary material or the 
submission of any answers in writing to written 
questions if such material or answers would be 
protected from disclosure under the standards 
applicable to discovery requests under the Federal 
Rules of Civil Procedure in an action in which the 
Attorney General or the United States is a party.
``(C) Documentary material.--If the demand issued 
under paragraph (1) requires the production of 
documentary material, it shall--
``(i) identify the class of documentary 
material to be produced with such definiteness 
and certainty as to permit such material to be 
fairly identified; and
``(ii) prescribe a return date for 
production of the documentary material at least 
twenty days after issuance of the demand to 
give the State or political subdivision, or 
other governmental representative or agent, a 
reasonable period of time for assembling the 
documentary material and making it available 
for inspection and copying.
``(D) Answers to written questions.--If the demand 
issued under paragraph (1) requires answers in writing 
to written questions, it shall--
``(i) set forth with specificity the 
written question to be answered; and
``(ii) prescribe a date at least twenty 
days after the issuance of the demand for 
submitting answers in writing to the written 
questions.
``(E) Service.--A demand issued under paragraph (1) 
may be served by a United States marshal or a deputy 
marshal, or by certified mail, at any place within the 
territorial jurisdiction of any court of the United 
States.
``(3) Responses to an attorney general demand.--A State or 
political subdivision, or other governmental representative or 
agent, must, with respect to any documentary material or any 
answer in writing produced under this subsection, provide a 
sworn certificate, in such form as the demand issued under 
paragraph (1) designates, by a person having knowledge of the 
facts and circumstances relating to such production or written 
answer, authorized to act on behalf of the State or political 
subdivision, or other governmental representative or agent, 
upon which the demand was served. The certificate--
``(A) shall state that--
``(i) all of the documentary material 
required by the demand and in the possession, 
custody, or control of the State or political 
subdivision, or other governmental 
representative or agent, has been produced;
``(ii) that with respect to every answer in 
writing to a written question, all information 
required by the question and in the possession, 
custody, control, or knowledge of the State or 
political subdivision, or other governmental 
representative or agent, has been submitted; or
``(iii) both; or
``(B) provide the basis for any objection to 
producing the documentary material or answering the 
written question.
To the extent that any information is not furnished, the 
information shall be identified and reasons set forth with 
particularity regarding the reasons why the information was not 
furnished.
``(4) Judicial proceedings.--
``(A) Petition for enforcement.--Whenever any State 
or political subdivision, or other governmental 
representative or agent, fails to comply with demand 
issued by the Attorney General under paragraph (1), the 
Attorney General may file, in a district court of the 
United States in which the State or political 
subdivision, or other governmental representative or 
agent, is located, a petition for a judicial order 
enforcing the Attorney General demand issued under 
paragraph (1).
``(B) Petition to modify.--
``(i) In general.--Any State or political 
subdivision, or other governmental 
representative or agent, that is served with a 
demand issued by the Attorney General under 
paragraph (1) may file in the United States 
District Court for the District of Columbia a 
petition for an order of the court to modify or 
set aside the demand of the Attorney General.
``(ii) Petition to modify.--Any petition to 
modify or set aside a demand of the Attorney 
General issued under paragraph (1) must be 
filed within 20 days after the date of service 
of the Attorney General's demand or at any time 
before the return date specified in the 
Attorney General's demand, whichever date is 
earlier.
``(iii) Contents of petition.--The petition 
shall specify each ground upon which the 
petitioner relies in seeking relief under 
clause (i), and may be based upon any failure 
of the Attorney General's demand to comply with 
the provisions of this section or upon any 
constitutional or other legal right or 
privilege of the State or political 
subdivision, or other governmental 
representative or agent. During the pendency of 
the petition in the court, the court may stay, 
as it deems proper, the running of the time 
allowed for compliance with the Attorney 
General's demand, in whole or in part, except 
that the State or political subdivision, or 
other governmental representative or agent, 
filing the petition shall comply with any 
portions of the Attorney General's demand not 
sought to be modified or set aside.''.

SEC. 1113. DEFINITIONS.

Title I of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10301) is 
amended by adding at the end the following:

``SEC. 21. DEFINITIONS.

``In this Act:
``(1) Indian.--The term `Indian' has the meaning given the 
term in section 4 of the Indian Self-Determination and 
Education Assistance Act.
``(2) Indian lands.--The term `Indian lands' means--
``(A) any Indian country of an Indian tribe, as 
such term is defined in section 1151 of title 18, 
United States Code;
``(B) any land in Alaska that is owned, pursuant to 
the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, by an Indian 
tribe that is a Native village (as such term is defined 
in section 3 of such Act), or by a Village Corporation 
that is associated with the Indian tribe (as such term 
is defined in section 3 of such Act);
``(C) any land on which the seat of government of 
the Indian tribe is located; and
``(D) any land that is part or all of a tribal 
designated statistical area associated with the Indian 
tribe, or is part or all of an Alaska Native village 
statistical area associated with the tribe, as defined 
by the Bureau of the Census for the purposes of the 
most recent decennial census.
``(3) Indian tribe.--The term `Indian tribe' or `tribe' has 
the meaning given the term `Indian tribe' in section 4 of the 
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act.
``(4) Tribal government.--The term `Tribal Government' 
means the recognized governing body of an Indian Tribe.
``(5) Voting-age population.--The term `voting-age 
population' means the numerical size of the population within a 
State, within a political subdivision, or within a political 
subdivision that contains Indian lands, as the case may be, 
that consists of persons age 18 or older, as calculated by the 
Bureau of the Census under the most recent decennial census.''.

SEC. 1114. ATTORNEYS' FEES.

Section 14(c) of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10310(c)) 
is amended by adding at the end the following:
``(4) The term `prevailing party' means a party to an action that 
receives at least some of the benefit sought by such action, states a 
colorable claim, and can establish that the action was a significant 
cause of a change to the status quo.''.

SEC. 1115. OTHER TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.

(a) Actions Covered Under Section 3.--Section 3(c) of the Voting 
Rights Act of 1965 (52 U.S.C. 10302(c)) is amended--
(1) by striking ``any proceeding instituted by the Attorney 
General or an aggrieved person under any statute to enforce'' 
and inserting ``any action under any statute in which a party 
(including the Attorney General) seeks to enforce''; and
(2) by striking ``at the time the proceeding was 
commenced'' and inserting ``at the time the action was 
commenced''.
(b) Clarification of Treatment of Members of Language Minority 
Groups.--Section 4(f) of such Act (52 U.S.C. 10303(f)) is amended--
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking the second sentence; and
(2) by striking paragraphs (3) and (4).
(c) Period During Which Changes in Voting Practices Are Subject to 
Preclearance Under Section 5.--Section 5 of such Act (52 U.S.C. 10304) 
is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``based upon 
determinations made under the first sentence of section 4(b) 
are in effect'' and inserting ``are in effect during a calendar 
year'';
(2) in subsection (a), by striking ``November 1, 1964'' and 
all that follows through ``November 1, 1972'' and inserting 
``the applicable date of coverage''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(e) The term `applicable date of coverage' means, with respect to 
a State or political subdivision--
``(1) June 25, 2013, if the most recent determination for 
such State or subdivision under section 4(b) was made on or 
before December 31, 2025; or
``(2) the date on which the most recent determination for 
such State or subdivision under section 4(b) was made, if such 
determination was made after December 31, 2025.''.

SEC. 1116. SEVERABILITY.

If any provision of this subtitle or any amendment made by this 
subtitle, or the application of such a provision or amendment to any 
person or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional or is otherwise 
enjoined or unenforceable, the remainder of this subtitle and 
amendments made by this subtitle, and the application of the provisions 
and amendment to any person or circumstance, and any remaining 
provision of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, shall not be affected by 
the holding.

SEC. 1117. GRANTS TO ASSIST WITH NOTICE REQUIREMENTS UNDER THE VOTING 
RIGHTS ACT OF 1965.

(a) In General.--The Attorney General shall make grants each fiscal 
year to small jurisdictions who submit applications under subsection 
(b) for purposes of assisting such small jurisdictions with compliance 
with the requirements of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to submit or 
publish notice of any change to a qualification, prerequisite, 
standard, practice or procedure affecting voting.
(b) Application.--To be eligible for a grant under this section, a 
small jurisdiction shall submit an application to the Attorney General 
in such form and containing such information as the Attorney General 
may require regarding the compliance of such small jurisdiction with 
the provisions of the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
(c) Small Jurisdiction Defined.--For purposes of this section, the 
term ``small jurisdiction'' means any political subdivision of a State 
with a population of 10,000 or less.

TITLE XII--RESTRICTIONS ON GOVERNMENT PENSIONS FOR FELONY CONVICTIONS

SEC. 1201. FEDERAL RETIREMENT BENEFITS FORFEITURE FOR MEMBERS OF 
CONGRESS AND CABINET MEMBERS CONVICTED OF CERTAIN CRIMES.

(a) In General.--Section 8312 of title 5, United States Code, is 
amended--
(1) in subsection (a)--
(A) by striking ``or'' at the end of paragraph (1);
(B) by striking the period at the end of the first 
sentence and inserting ``; or''; and
(C) by inserting before the matter following 
paragraph (2) the following:
``(3) was finally convicted of an offense described in 
subsection (e) of this section after the date of enactment of 
such subsection, to the extent provided by that subsection.'';
(2) by redesignating subsection (d) as subsection (e); and
(3) by inserting after subsection (c) the following:
``(d)(1) Subsection (a) shall apply to any individual finally 
convicted of an offense described in paragraph (2).
``(2) An offense described in this paragraph is an offense for 
which the following apply:
``(A) Every act or omission of the individual that is 
needed to satisfy the elements of the offense occurs while the 
individual--
``(i) is a Member of Congress or former Member of 
Congress; or
``(ii) is a member of the President's cabinet or a 
former member of the President's cabinet.
``(B) The offense--
``(i) is committed after the date of enactment of 
this subsection; and
``(ii) is a felony under Federal law or under the 
law of the State in which it was committed.
``(3) For purposes of this subsection--
``(A) the term `finally convicted' has the meaning given 
that term in section 8332(o)(6); and
``(B) the term `Member of Congress' means a Senator or 
Representative in, or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the 
Congress.''.
(b) Absence From United States To Avoid Prosecution.--Section 
8313(a)(1) of title 5, United States Code, is amended by striking 
``or'' at the end of subparagraph (A), by striking ``and'' at the end 
of subparagraph (B) and inserting ``or'', and by adding at the end the 
following:
``(C) after the date of the enactment of this subparagraph, 
for an offense described in section 8312(d)(2); and''.

SEC. 1202. FORFEITURE OF BENEFITS FOR FORMER PRESIDENTS CONVICTED OF A 
FELONY.

The Act entitled ``An Act to provide retirement, clerical 
assistants, and free mailing privileges to former Presidents of the 
United States, and for other purposes'', approved August 25, 1958 
(commonly known as the ``Former Presidents Act of 1958''; 3 U.S.C. 102 
note), is amended--
(1) in subsection (a), by striking ``Each former 
President'' and inserting ``Subject to subsection (h), each 
former President'';
(2) in subsection (f), by striking paragraph (2) and 
inserting:
``(2) who has not been impeached by the House of 
Representatives and convicted by the Senate pursuant to the 
impeachment.''; and
(3) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
``(h)(1) If a former President is finally convicted of a felony for 
which every act or omission that is needed to satisfy the elements of 
the felony is committed during or after the period such former 
President holds the office of President of the United States of 
America, or was finally convicted of such a felony while holding such 
office--
``(A) no monetary allowance under subsection (a) may be 
provided to such former President;
``(B) no funds may be obligated or expended under 
subsection (g) with respect to such former President except to 
the extent necessary to maintain the security of such former 
President, as determined by the Director of the Secret Service; 
and
``(C) such former President shall repay any amounts 
received under subsection (a) during the period beginning on 
the date on which such former President is initially convicted 
of the felony and ending on the date such former President is 
finally convicted of the felony.
``(2) The term `finally convicted' means a conviction--
``(A) which has not been appealed and is no longer 
appealable because the time for taking an appeal has expired; 
or
``(B) which has been appealed and the appeals process for 
which is completed.''.

TITLE XIII--RESTRICTION ON LAWSUITS BY PRESIDENT

SEC. 1301. EXCEPTIONS TO FEDERAL TORT CLAIMS ACT.

(a) In General.--Section 2680 of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended by adding at the end the following:
``(o) Any claim, without regard to when the act or omission giving 
rise to the claim occurred, brought by--
``(1) the President;
``(2) the spouse, parent, child, grandparent, grandchild, 
or sibling or the President; or
``(3) any entity or organization in which the President has 
an ownership interest.''.
(b) Former Presidents.--Section 2680 of title 28, United States 
Code, as amended by subsection (a), is further amended by adding at the 
end the following:
``(p) Any claim, without regard to when the act or omission giving 
rise to the claim occurred, brought by a former President, unless an ad 
hoc committee of Congress established with respect to such claim and 
composed of 12 Members of the House of Representatives and the Senate, 
with an equal number from each major political party appointed by the 
Minority and Majority leaders of each party, approve the claim by a 
vote of at least 8 members of the committee.''.
(c) Applicability.--The amendment made by subsections (a) and (b) 
shall apply to any claim pending on, or brought on or after, the date 
of enactment of this Act.

TITLE XIV--PROHIBITION ON PREDICTION MARKET PARTICIPATION

SEC. 1401. SHORT TITLE.

This title may be cited as the ``PREDICT Act''.

SEC. 1402. RESTRICTIONS ON TRADING ON PREDICTION MARKETS.

(a) Restrictions.--Chapter 131 of title 5, United States Code, as 
amended by section 102(b), is further amended by adding at the end a 
new subchapter:

``SUBCHAPTER V--RESTRICTIONS ON TRADING ON PREDICTION MARKETS

``Sec. 13161. Definitions
``In this subchapter:
``(1) Covered individual.--The term `covered individual' 
means any of the following:
``(A) A Member of Congress as defined in section 
13101 of this title.
``(B) A dependent child as defined in such section 
13101 or a spouse of a Member of Congress.
``(C) An individual or entity with fiduciary duties 
and the authority to enter into or offer to enter into 
an agreement, contract, or transaction with respect to 
prediction markets for any individual described in 
subparagraphs (A) or (B).
``(D) An officer or employee of the Congress.
``(E) The President.
``(F) The Vice President.
``(G) A political appointee.
``(H) Each officer or employee in the executive 
branch, including a special Government employee, as 
defined in section 202 of title 18, and any officer or 
employee of an independent agency, who occupies a 
position classified above GS-15 of the General Schedule 
or, in the case of positions not under the General 
Schedule, for which the rate of basic pay is equal to 
or greater than 120 percent of the minimum rate of 
basic pay payable for GS-15 of the General Schedule; 
each member of a uniformed service whose pay grade is 
at or in excess of O-7 under section 201 of title 37; 
and each officer or employee in any other position 
determined by the Director of the Office of Government 
Ethics to be of equal classification.
``(I) A judicial officer as defined in section 
13101 of this title.
``(J) A judicial employee as defined in section 
13101 of this title.
``(2) Independent agency.--The term `independent agency' 
has the meaning given the term `independent establishment' as 
defined in section 104 of this title.
``(3) Political appointee.--The term `political appointee' 
means an individual--
``(A) occupying a position described under sections 
5312 through 5316 of this title (relating to the 
Executive Schedule);
``(B) serving under a noncareer appointment in the 
Senior Executive Service, as defined under paragraph 
(7) of section 3132(a) of this title; or
``(C) occupying a position in the executive branch 
of the Government of a confidential or policy-
determining character under schedule C of subpart C of 
part 213 of title 5, Code of Federal Regulations.
``(4) Supervising ethics office.--The term `supervising 
ethics office'--
``(A) has the meaning given the term in section 
13101 of this title; and
``(B) in the case of an independent agency, means 
the Office of Government Ethics.
``Sec. 13162. Trading on prediction markets
``(a) Conduct During Federal Service.--No covered individual may 
enter into, or offer to enter into an agreement, contract, or 
transaction that provides for any purchase, sale, payment, or delivery 
that is dependent on the occurrence, nonoccurrence, or the extent of 
the occurrence of a specific political event.
``(b) Interpretative Guidance.--The supervising ethics office shall 
issue interpretive guidance on any relevant term not defined in this 
subchapter.
``Sec. 13163. Penalties
``(a) In General.--
``(1) Penalties.--Any covered individual who violates the 
restrictions in section 13152 of this title shall, at the 
direction of the supervising ethics office--
``(A) pay a fee equal to ten percent of the value 
of the agreement, contract, or transaction in 
violation; and
``(B) disgorge the profits of any agreement, 
contract, or transaction that violates the provisions 
of such section 13152.
``(2) Payment of penalty to treasury.--A penalty imposed 
under paragraph (1)(B) shall be payable into the Treasury.
``(b) Payment Restrictions.--A covered individual may not pay any 
of the penalties under this section from the following sources:
``(1) The Members' Representational Allowance.
``(2) The Senators' Official Personnel and Office Expense 
Account.
``(3) Any contribution (as defined in section 301(8) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (52 U.S.C. 30101(8))) 
accepted as a candidate, and any other donation received as 
support for activities of the individual as a holder of Federal 
office.
``(4) Any other source of funds, other than a salary, 
available to such individual through employment or service in 
the Federal Government.
``(c) Publication.--Each supervising ethics office shall publish on 
a publicly available website a description of--
``(1) each fine assessed by the supervising ethics office 
pursuant to this section;
``(2) the reason why each such fine was assessed; and
``(3) the result of each assessment.''.
(b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents for chapter 131 of 
title 5, United States Code, as amended by section 102(a), is further 
amended by adding at the end the following:

subchapter v. restrictions on trading on prediction markets

13161. Definitions.
13162. Trading on prediction markets.
13163. Penalties.
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