H.Res. 454

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H. Res. 454 Introduced in House (IH)]

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119th CONGRESS
1st Session
H. RES. 454

Raising concern about the constitutional reforms in Mexico.

_______________________________________________________________________

IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES

May 29, 2025

Mr. Stanton (for himself and Ms. Salazar) submitted the following 
resolution; which was referred to the Committee on Foreign Affairs

_______________________________________________________________________

RESOLUTION

Raising concern about the constitutional reforms in Mexico.

Whereas the United States and Mexico are committed to strengthening bilateral 
and regional cooperation that benefits the people of the United States 
and Mexico;
Whereas the United States and Mexico are top trade partners, trading more than 
$896,000,000,000 worth of goods in 2023;
Whereas United States companies directly invested $130,300,000,000 into Mexico 
in 2022, and nearly 5,000,000 United States jobs depend on trade with 
Mexico;
Whereas the United States, Mexico, and Canada will participate in the first 
review of the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) in 2026;
Whereas the Government of Mexico has actively taken steps to expropriate assets 
owned by American companies;
Whereas former Mexican President Lopez Obrador proposed constitutional reforms 
on February 5, 2024, including specific proposals to modify the 
structure of the Mexican judiciary, including popular election of judges 
and justices;
Whereas Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum has continued to advance these 
constitutional reforms;
Whereas reforms regarding the judicial system became law on September 15, 2024;
Whereas Mexican judicial branch employees, including judges, magistrates, and 
others at the Federal, State, and local levels, initiated a widespread 
and indefinite strike on August 21, 2024, in response to judicial 
reforms;
Whereas Mexico's National Association of Circuit and District Judges, the 
Mexican Bar Association, the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the 
Independence of Judges and Lawyers, the United States Chamber of 
Commerce, and thousands of striking Mexican Federal court employees and 
magistrates have voiced concerns with the reforms;
Whereas, under judicial reforms, all Federal judges, including Supreme Court 
Justices, would be directly elected, independent oversight of the 
judiciary would end, and judicial qualification standards would be 
reduced;
Whereas broader constitutional reforms to--

(1) eliminate autonomous institutions overseeing social development 
policy and education; the energy, hydrocarbon, and telecommunications 
industries; and enforcement of antitrust and transparency laws became law 
on December 20, 2024;

(2) impose a prohibition on genetically modified corn became law on 
March 17, 2025; and

(3) reduce the size, oversight capacity, and sanctions authority of 
Mexico's National Electoral Institute will be considered in 2025; and

Whereas secondary legislation to enact such constitutional changes presents an 
ongoing opportunity for change: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the House of Representatives--
(1) raises concern that the constitutional reforms and 
secondary legislation would have a long-term negative impact on 
Mexico's democratic institutions, separation of powers, 
judicial independence and transparency, and security, while 
undermining its electoral system, National Guard, and 
independent oversight agencies;
(2) expresses deep concern that the constitutional reforms 
and secondary legislation may contradict commitments made in 
the United States-Mexico-Canada Trade Agreement, jeopardizing 
critical economic and security interests shared by the United 
States and Mexico and weakening North American economic 
integration;
(3) underscores that several aspects of the reform package 
undermine United States-Mexico joint efforts to strengthen the 
rule of law, counter organized crime, and address the scourge 
of fentanyl and human and arms trafficking among broader 
bilateral priorities; and
(4) reaffirms its commitment to a robust, mutually 
respectful relationship between the sovereign countries of the 
United States and Mexico.
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